Nuclear Law Publications


Alphabetical list of titles
A Common Objective, a Variety of Paths (2009)
Third International Conference on Geological Repositories, Berne, Switzerland, 15-17 October 2007
A Common Objective, a Variety of Paths (2009)
Synthesis and Main Lessons:Third International Conference on Geological Repositories, Berne, Switzerland, 15-17 October 2007
A Critical Review of the System of Radiation Protection (2000)
First Reflections of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH)
A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations (2008)
Summary of the Three NEA/ICRP Conferences
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (2005)
Eighth Information Exchange Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 9-11 November 2004
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (2012)
Eleventh Information Exchange Meeting, San Francisco, California, USA, 1-4 November 2010
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (2003)
Seventh Information Exchange Meeting, Jeju, Republic of Korea, 14-16 October 2002
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (2007)
Ninth Information Exchange Meeting, Nîmes, France, 25-29 September 2006
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (1994)
Proceedings of the 3rd NEA International Information Exchange Meeting, Cadarache, France, 12-14 December 1994
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (1996)
Proceedings of the 4th NEA International Information Exchange Meeting, Mito City, Japan, 12-13 December 1996
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (2001)
Sixth International Information Exchange Meeting, Madrid, Spain, 11-13 December 2000
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (1999)
Proceedings of the Fifth International Information Exchange Meeting, Mol, Belgium, 25-27 November 1998
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (1999)
Status and Assessment Report Synthèse des travaux
Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation + CD-ROM (2010)
Tenth Information Exchange Meeting, Mito, Japan, 6-10 October 2008
Advanced Monte Carlo Computer Programs for Radiation Transport (1995)
Proceedings of a Seminar, Saclay, France, 27-29 April 1993
Advanced Nuclear Safety Issues and Research Needs (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 18-20 February 2002
Advanced Reactors with Innovative Fuels (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Chester, United Kingdom, 22-24 October 2001
Advanced Reactors with Innovative Fuels (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 1998
An International Peer Review of the Yucca Mountain Project (2002)
Total System Performance Assessment for the Site Recommendation (TSPA-SR)
Analytical Benchmarks for Nuclear Engineering Applications (2008)
Case Studies in Neutron Transport Theory
Assessment of Fission Product Decay Data for Decay Heat Calculations (2007)
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 25
Assuring Nuclear Safety Competence into the 21st Century (2000)
Workshop Proceedings, Budapest, Hungary, 12-14 October 1999
Back-end of the Fuel Cycle in a 1 000 Gwe Nuclear Scenario (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Avignon, France, 6-7 October 1998
Basic Studies in the Field of High-temperature Engineering (2004)
Third Information Exchange Meeting, Ibaraki-ken, Japan, 11-12 September 2003
Basic Studies on High-Temperature Engineering (2000)
First Information Exchange Meeting, Paris, France, 27-29 September 1999
Basic Studies on High-temperature Engineering (2002)
Second Information Exchange Meeting, Paris, France, 10-12 October 2001
Benchmark Calculations of Power Distribution Within Fuel Assemblies (2000)
Phase II: Comparison of Data Reduction and Power Reconstruction Methods in Production Codes
Benchmark on Beam Interruptions in an Accelerator-driven System (2004)
Final Report on Phase II Calculations
Benchmark on Beam Interruptions in an Accelerator-driven system (2003)
Final Report on Phase I Calculations
Benchmarking of CFD Codes for Application to Nuclear Reactor Safety (CFD4NRS) - CD-ROM (2007)
Workshop Proceedings, Garching (Munich), Germany, 5-7 September 2006
Better Integration of Radiation Protection in Modern Society (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Villigen, Switzerland, 23-25 January 2001
Binding Models Concerning Natural Organic Substances in Performance Assessment (1995)
Proceedings of an NEA/Paul Scherrer Institute Workshop Bad Zurzach, Switzerland, 14-16 September 1994
Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (TT) Benchmark - Vol. IV (2010)
Volume IV: Summary Results of Exercise 3
Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (TT) Benchmark - Volume II (2005)
Volume II: Summary Results of Exercise 1
Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (TT) Benchmark - Volume III (2006)
Volume III: Summary Results of Exercise 2
Building, Measuring and Improving Public Confidence in the Nuclear Regulator (2006)
Workshop Proceedings, Ottawa, Canada, 18-20 May 2004
Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase II-C (2007)
Phase II-C: Impact of the Asymmetry of PWR Axial Burn-up Profiles on the End Effect
Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase II-D (2006)
PWR-UO2 Assembly - Study of Control Rod Effects on Spent Fuel Composition
Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase IV-A (2003)
Phase IV-A: Reactivity Prediction Calculations for Infinite Arrays of PWR MOX Fuel Pin Cells
Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase IV-B (2003)
Phase IV-B: Results and Analysis of MOX Fuel Depletion Calculations
Burn-up Credit Criticality Safety Benchmark – Phase VII (2012)
UO2 Fuel: Study of Spent Fuel Compositions for Long-term Disposal
CSNI Collective Statement on Support Facilities for Existing and Advanced Reactors/Déclaration collective du CSIN sur les installations de recherche pour les réacteurs actuels et avancés (2008)
The Function of OECD/NEA Joint Projects - NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI)/Utilité des projets communs de l'OCDE/AEN - Comité de l'AEN sur la sûreté des installations nucléaires (CSIN)
CSNI Technical Opinion Paper No. 17 (2019)
Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessments for Nuclear Power Plants: 2019 Update
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 10 (2009)
The Role of Human and Organisational Factors in Nuclear Power Plant Modifications
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 11 (2009)
Better Nuclear Plant Maintenance: Improving Human and Organisational Performance
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 12 (2009)
Research on Human Factors in New Nuclear Plant Technology
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 4 (2004)
Human Reliability Analysis in Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 5 (2004)
Managing and Regulating Organisational Change in Nuclear Installations
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 6 (2004)
PSA-based Event Analysis
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 9 (2007)
Level-2 PSA for Nuclear Power Plants
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - Nos. 1-2 (2002)
Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants Seismic Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Facilities
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - Nos. 7-8 (2005)
Living PSA and its Use in the Nuclear Safety Decision-making Process - Development and Use of Risk Monitors at Nuclear Power Plants
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers No. 14 (2012)
Nuclear Licensee Organisational Structures, Resources and Competencies: Determining Their Suitability
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers No. 15 (2012)
Ageing Management of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers No. 16 (2013)
Defence in Depth of Electrical Systems
CSNI Technical Opinion Papers – No. 13 (2011)
LOCA Criteria Basis and Test Methodology
Calculation of 3-Dimensional Rating Distributions in Operating Reactors (1979)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Paris, 26-28 November 1979
Calculations of Different Transmutation Concepts (2000)
An International Benchmark Exercise
Challenges in Long-term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants (2012)
Implications for Regulatory Bodies
Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin (2012)
Chemical Thermodynamics Volume 12
Chernobyl - Ten Years On: Radiological and Health Impact (1996)
An appraisal by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health - November 1995
Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts (2002)
2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On
Collective Statement Concerning Nuclear Safety Research (2003)
Good Practice and Closure Criteria
Collective Statement Concerning Nuclear Safety Research (2004)
Capabilities and Expertise in Support of Efficient and Effective Regulation of Nuclear Power Plants
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Nuclear Reactor Safety Applications (2012)
Workshop Proceedings, CFD4NRS-3, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, 14-16 September 2010
Computing Radiation Dosimetry - CRD 2002 (2004)
Workshop Proceedings, Sacavém, Portugal, 22-23 June 2002
Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Assessment (2001)
Workshop Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA, 14-17 June 1999
Considerations on the Concept of Dose Constraint (1996)
A Report by a Joint Group of Experts from the OECD/NEA and the EC.
Core Monitoring for Commercial Reactors: Improvements in Systems and Methods (2000)
Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 4-5 October 1999
Cost Estimation for Decommissioning (2010)
An International Overview of Cost Elements, Estimation Practices and Reporting Requirements
Cost of High-Level Waste Disposal in Geological Repositories (The) (1993)
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Cost Estimates
Covariance Data in the Fast Neutron Region (2011)
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 24
Crisis Communication: Facing the Challenges - Proceedings (2013)
Workshop Proceedings, Madrid, Spain, 9-10 May 2012
Dealing with Interests, Values and Knowledge in Managing Risk (2004)
Workshop Proceedings, Brussels, Belgium, 18-21 November 2003
Debris Impact on Emergency Coolant Recirculation (2004)
Workshop Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 25-27 February 2004
Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants (2003)
Policies, Strategies and Costs
Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure) (2009)
It can and has been done
Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Facilities (2004)
It can and has been done
Decontamination Techniques Used in Decommissioning Activities (1999)
A Report by the NEA Task Group on Decontaminaton
Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Forming a New Approach in Germany (2006)
FSC Workshop Proceedings, Hitzacker and Hamburg, Germany, 5-8 October 2004
Effluent Release Options from Nuclear Installations (2003)
Technical Background and Regulatory Aspects
Engineered Barrier System (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case (2003)
Workshop Proceedings, Oxford, U.K., 25-27 September 2002
Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case (2005)
Process Issues - Workshop Proceedings, Las Vegas, United States, 14-17 September 2004
Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Safety Case: Design Confirmation and Demonstration (2007)
Workshop Proceedings, Tokyo, Japan, 12-15 September 2006
Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Safety Case: The Role of Modelling (2007)
Workshop Proceedings, La Coruna, Spain, 24-26 August 2005
Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS): Design Requirements and Constraints (2004)
Workshop Proceedings,Turku, Finland, 26-29 August 2003
Environmental and Ethical Aspects of Long-Lived Radioactive Waste Disposal (1995)
Proceedings of an International Workshop by the NEA and the Environment Directorate, Paris, France, 1-2 September 1994
Environmental and Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal (The) (1995)
A Collective Opinion of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee
Evaluated Data Library for the Bulk of Fission Products (Volume 23) (2009)
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 23
Evaluation and Processing of Covariance Data (1993)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S.A., 7-9 October 1992
Evaluation of Speciation Technology (2001)
Workshop Proceedings, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, Japan, 26-28 October 1999
Evolution of ICRP Recommendations – 1977, 1990 and 2007 (2011)
Changes in Underlying Science and Protection Policy and Case Study of their Impact on European and UK Domestic Regulation
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2010)
Implementing the 2007 ICRP Recommendations - Fifth Asian Regional Conference, Chiba, Japan, 3-4 September 2009
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2004)
Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 24-25 October 2002
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2005)
Second Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 28-29 July 2004
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2009)
Discussion of New ICRP Recommendations, 4th Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 13-14 December 2007
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Third Asian Regional Conference - Tokyo) (2007)
Third Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 5-6 July 2006
Experience from the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) (2018)
Notification, Communication and Interfaces Related to Catastrophic Events Involving Ionising Radiation and/or Radioactive Materials
Experimental Facilities for Gas-cooled Reactor Safety Studies (2009)
Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experimental Facilities (TAREF)
Experimental Facilities for Sodium Fast Reactor Safety Studies (2011)
Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experimental Facilities (TAREF)
Experiments and CFD Code Application to Nuclear Reactor Safety (XCFD4NRS) (2010)
Workshop Proceedings, Grenoble, France, 10-12 September 2008
Exposure to Radiation from the Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials (1979)
Report by an NEA Group of Experts, May, 1979
Externalities and Energy Policy: The Life Cycle Analysis Approach (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 15-16 November 2001
Field Tracer Experiments: Role in the Prediction of Radionuclide Migration (1997)
Proceedings of the 1st NEA/EC GEOTRAP Workshop, Cologne, Germany - 28-30 August 1996
Fifty Years of Radiological Protection (2007)
The CRPPH 50th Anniversary Commemorative Review
Fission Gas Behaviour in Water Reactor Fuels (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Cadarache, France, 26-29 September 2000
Fission Product Nuclear Data (1992)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Tokai, Japan, May 1992
Five Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (2016)
Nuclear Safety Improvements and Lessons Learnt
Five Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (Executive summary) (2016)
Nuclear Safety Improvements and Lessons Learnt
Fluid Flow through Faults and Fractures in Argillaceous Formations (1998)
Proceedings of a Joint NEA/EC "Clay Club" Workshop, Bern, Switzerland, 10-12 June 1996
Forsmark 1 & 2 Boiling Water Reactor Stability Benchmark (2001)
Time Series Analysis Methods for Oscillations During BWR Operation: Final Report
Fostering a Durable Relationship Between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community (2015)
Adding Value Through Design and Process - 2015 Edition
French R&D on the Partitioning and Transmutation of Long-lived Radionuclides (2006)
An International Peer Review of the 2005 CEA Report
Future Human Actions at Disposal Sites (1995)
A report of the NEA Working Group on Assessment of Future Human Actions at Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites
Gas Generation and Migration in Radioactive Waste Disposal (2001)
Safety-relevant Issues Workshop Proceedings, Reims, France, 26-28 June 2000
Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (1999)
Review of Developments in the Last Decade
Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: National Commitment, Local and Regional Involvement (2012)
A Collective Statement of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Radioactive Waste Management Committee Adopted March 2012
Geological Disposal: Building Confidence Using Multiple Lines of Evidence (2004)
First AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, 3-5 June 2003
Geological Repositories: Political and Technical Progress (2005)
Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 8-10 December 2003
Glossary of Nuclear Power Plant Ageing (1999)
(English-French-German-Spanish-Russian)
ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (1999)
Eighth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1998
ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (1998)
Sixth Annual Report - 1986-1996
Implementation of Defence in Depth at Nuclear Power Plants (2016)
Lessons Learnt from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident
Improving Nuclear Regulation (2011)
NEA Regulatory Guidance Booklets, Volumes 1-14
Improving Nuclear Regulation (2009)
Compilation of NEA Regulatory Guidance Booklets
In Core Instrumentation and Reactor Assessment (1983)
Proceedings of a Secialists' Meeting Fredrikstad, Norway, 10-13 October 1983
In Core Instrumentation and Reactor Assessment (1991)
Proceedings of a Specialist' Meeting Pittsburg, USA, 1-4 October 1991
In Core Instrumetation and Reactor Assessment (1988)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Cadarache, France, 7-10 June 1988
In-Core Instrumentation and Reactor Core Assessment (1997)
Proceedings of a Specialist Meeting, Mito-shi, Japan, 16-17 October 1996
Indemnification of Damage in the Event of a Nuclear Accident (2003)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 26-28 November 2001
Indemnification of Damage in the Event of a Nuclear Accident (2006)
Workshop Proceedings, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 18-20 May 2005
Independent Evaluation of the MYRRHA Project (2009)
Report by an International Team of Experts
Innovative Nuclear Reactor Development (2002)
Opportunities for International Co-operation
Insights from Leaders in Nuclear Energy - Leadership for Safety (2019)
Hans Wanner, Director-General, Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI) and Mike Harrison, Chief Nuclear Officer, EDF Energy
Inter-code Comparison Exercise for Criticality Excursion Analysis (2009)
Benchmarks Phase I: Pulse Mode Experiments with Uranyl Nitrate Solution Using the TRACY and SILENE Experimental Facilities
Intermediate Energy Nuclear Data: Models and Codes (1994)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 30 May-1 June 1994
International Co-operation in Nuclear Data Evaluation (2019)
An Extended Summary of the Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project
International Conference on Geological Repositories (2017)
Conference Synthesis, 7-9 December 2016, Paris, France
International Evaluation Co-operation (2000)
Processing and Validation of Intermediate Energy Evaluated Data Files (Volume 14)
International Evaluation Co-operation (1996)
Comparison of Evaluated Data for Chromium-52, Iron-56 and Nickel-58 [Volume 1]
International Evaluation Co-operation (2002)
Delayed Neutron Data for the Major Actinides (Volume 6)
International Evaluation Co-operation (1998)
Nuclear Models to 200 MeV for High-Energy Data Evaluations [Volume 12]
International Evaluation Co-operation (1996)
Cross-section Fluctuations and Self-shielding Effects in the Unresolved Resonance Region [Volume 15]
International Evaluation Co-operation (1996)
Plutonium-239 Fission Cross-section Between 1 and 100 keV [Volume 5]
International Evaluation Co-operation (1996)
Actinide Data in the Thermal Energy Range [Volume 3]
International Evaluation Co-operation (1996)
Generation of Covariance Files for Iron-56 and Natural Iron [Volume 2]
International Evaluation Co-operation (1998)
Status of Pseudo-Fission-Product Cross-Sections for Fast Reactors [Volume 17]
International Evaluation Co-operation (1998)
Effects of Shape Differences in the Level Densities of Three Formalisms on Calculated Cross-Sections [Volume 16]
International Evaluation Co-operation (1998)
Intermediate Energy Data [Volume 13]
International Evaluation Co-operation (2001)
Evaluation Method of Inelastic Scattering Cross-sections for Weakly Absorbing Fission-product Nuclides (Volume 10)
International Evaluation Co-operation (1999)
238U Capture and Inelastic Cross-Sections (Volume 4)
International Evaluation Co-operation (1999)
Epithermal Capture Cross-Section of 235U (Volume 18)
International Evaluation Co-operation (1999)
Present Status of Minor Actinide Data (Volume 8)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 19) (2005)
Neutron Activation Cross-section Measurements from Threshold to 20 MeV for the Validation of Nuclear Models and Their Parameters (Volume 19)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 20) (2006)
Covariance Matrix Evaluation and Processing in the Resolved/Unresolved Resonance Regions (Volume 20)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 21) (2005)
Assessment of Neutron Cross-section Evaluations for the Bulk of Fission Products (Volume 21)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 22) (2006)
Nuclear Data for Improved LEU-LWR Reactivity Predictions (Volume 22)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 26) + CD-ROM (2008)
Uncertainty and Target Accuracy Assessment for Innovative Systems Using Recent Covariance Data Evaluations (Volume 26)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 33) (2013)
Methods and Issues for the Combined Use of Integral Experiments and Covariance Data (Volume 33)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 7) (2006)
Nuclear Data Standards (Volume 7)
International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 9) (2003)
Fission Neutron Spectra of Uranium-235 (Volume 9)
International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (2001)
A Project by the NEA Nuclear Science Committee
International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation - CD-ROM (2010)
Complete Collection of Published Reports as of January 2010
International Nuclear Law: History, Evolution and Outlook (2010)
10th Anniversary of the International School of Nuclear Law
International Peer Reviews for Radioactive Waste Management (2005)
General Information and Guidelines
International School of Nuclear Law (2018)
ISNL Commemorative Brochure
Introduction of Thorium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle (2015)
Short- to long-term considerations
Investing in Trust: Nuclear Regulators and the Public (2001)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 29 November-1st December 2000
Ion and Slow Positron Beam Utilisation (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Costa da Caparica, Portugal, 15-17 September 1998
Irradiation Embrittlement and Optimisation of Annealing (1997)
Proceedings of a Specialist meeting, Paris, France, 20-23 September 1993 - jointly organised by the OECD/NEA and the IAEA - NEA/CSNI/R(94)1 Principal Working Group No. 3 on Primary Circuit Integrity
JEFF 3.1.2 (2012)
Joint Evaluated Nuclear Data Library for Fission and Fusion Applications February 2012
Janis 3.4 (2012)
A Java-based Nuclear Data Display Program
Japan's Compensation System for Nuclear Damage (2012)
As Related to the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident
Learning and Adapting to Societal Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management (2004)
Key Findings and Experience of the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence
Learning from Nuclear Regulatory Self-assessment (2006)
International Peer Review of the CSN Report on Lessons Learnt from the Essential Service Water System Degradation Event at the Vandellos Nuclear Power Plant
Linkage of Geoscientific Arguments and Evidence in Supporting the Safety Case (2007)
Second AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Toronto, Canada, 20-22 September 2005
Loss of Tendon Prestress in NPP Containments (1998)
Proceedings of a WANO/OECD Workshop, Poitiers, France, August 1997 NEA/CSNI/R(97)9
Management of Uncertainty in Safety Cases and the Role of Risk (2005)
Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 2-4 February 2004
Minor Actinide Burning in Thermal Reactors (2013)
A Report by the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Reactor Systems
Mixed-oxide (MOX) Fuel Performance Benchmark (2007)
Summary of the Results for the Halden Reactor Project MOX Rods
Mixed-oxide (MOX) Fuel Performance Benchmark (PRIMO) (2009)
Summary of the Results for the PRIMO BD8 MOX Rod
Mobile Fission and Activation Products in Nuclear Waste Disposal (2009)
Workshop Proceedings, La Baule, France, 16-19 January 2007
Modelling the Effects of Spatial Variability on Radionuclide Migration (1998)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France 9-11 June 1997
Moving Forward with Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (2008)
A Collective Statement by the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC)
NEA Issue Briefs (1993)
Broad Impact of Nuclear Power
NEA Issue Briefs (1988)
Human Factor in Nuclear Power Plant Operations (The)
NEA Issue Briefs (1994)
Radiation Protection Overview: International Aspects and Perspective
NEA Issue Briefs (1989)
Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste (The)
NEA Issue Briefs (1993)
International Nuclear Third Party Liability [Rev. 1]
NEA Issue Briefs (1989)
Advanced Water Reactor Technology
NEA Issue Briefs (1989)
Management of Low and Intermediate-level Radioactive Waste (The)
NEA Issue Briefs (1990)
Small and Medium Reactors
NEA Issue Briefs (1992)
Probabilistic Safety Assessment: An Analytical Tool for Assessing Nuclear Safety
NEA Sorption Project Phase II (2005)
Interpretation and Prediction of Radionuclide Sorption onto Substrates Relevant for Radioactive Waste Disposal Using Thermodynamic Sorption Models
NEA Statute (1995)
NJOY and THEMIS Nuclear Data (1994)
Proceedings of a Seminar Saclay, France, 7-8 April 1992
National Inventories and Management Strategies for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste (2017)
Extended Methodology for the Common Presentation of Data
Neutron Cross-section Standards for the Energy Region Above 20 MeV (1991)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting, Uppsala, Sweden, May 1991
Neutronics/Thermal-hydraulics Coupling in LWR Technology, Vol. 1 (2004)
CRISSUE-S - WP1: Data Requirements and Databases Needed for Transient Simulations and Qualification - 5th EURATOM Framework Programme (1998-2002)
Neutronics/Thermal-hydraulics Coupling in LWR Technology, Vol. 2 (2004)
CRISSUE-S - WP2: State-of-the-art Report - 5th EURATOM Framework Programme (1998-2002)
Neutronics/Thermal-hydraulics Coupling in LWR Technology, Vol. 3 (2004)
CRISSUE-S - WP3: Achievements and Recommendations Report - 5th EURATOM Framework Programme (1998-2002)
Nuclear Competence Building (2004)
Summary Report
Nuclear Data and Benchmarks for Reactor Shielding (1981)
Proceedings of a Specialist' Meeting Paris, 27-29 October 1980
Nuclear Energy Today (2012)
Second Edition
Nuclear Energy and Renewables (2012)
System Effects in Low-carbon Electricity Systems
Nuclear Energy and Renewables – Executive Summary (2012)
System Effects in Low-carbon Electricity Systems
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 89 (2012)
Volume 2012/1
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 90 (2012)
Volume 2012/2
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 91 (2013)
Volume 2013/1
Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 92 (2014)
Volume 2013/2
Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study (2000)
Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study - 2002 and 2003 Updates (2004)
Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study - Update 2001 (2002)
Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
Nuclear Power Plant Life Management in a Changing Business World (2000)
Workshop Proceedings, Washington DC, United States, 26-27 June 2000
Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experience (2018)
from the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System for Operating Experience 2012–2014
Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experience (2012)
from the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System for Operating Experience: 2009-2011
Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2001)
First Information Exchange Meeting, Paris, France, 2-3 October 2000
Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2010)
Fourth Information Exchange Meeting, Oakbrook, Illinois, United States, 13-16 April 2009
Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2006)
Third Information Exchange Meeting, Oarai, Japan, 5-7 October 2005
Nuclear Production of Hydrogen (2004)
Second Information Exchange Meeting, Argonne, Illinois, USA, 2-3 October 2003
Nuclear Safety Research in OECD Countries (2007)
Support Facilities for Existing and Advanced Reactors (SFEAR)
Nuclear Safety Research in OECD Countries (2001)
Summary Report of Major Facilities and Programmes at Risk
Nuclear Safety Research in OECD Countries (2001)
Major Facilities and Programmes at Risk
Nuclear Waste Bulletin (1999)
Update on Waste Management Policies and Programmes, No.13 - December 1998
Nuclear Waste Bulletin (1997)
No. 12 - June 1997
Nuclear Waste Bulletin (2001)
Update on Waste Management Policies and Programmes, No. 14 - 2000 Edition
Nucleon Nucleus Optical Model up to 200 MeV (1997)
Proceedings of a Specialist Meeting, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France, 13-15 November 1996
Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants (2005)
Fourth ISOE European Symposium, Lyon, France 24-26 March 2004
Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants (2003)
Third ISOE European Workshop, Portoroz, Slovenia, 17-19 April 2002
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2001)
Tenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2000
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2000)
Ninth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1999
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2006)
Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2004
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2005) (2007)
Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2005
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2006) (2008)
Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2006
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2007) (2009)
Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2007
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2008) (2010)
Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2008
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2016) (2019)
Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2016
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2001 (2002)
Eleventh Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2001
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2002 (2004)
Twelfth Annual Report on the ISOE programme, 2002
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2003 (2005)
Thirteenth Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2003
Optimisation in Operational Radiological Protection (2005)
A Report by the Working Group on Operational Radiological Protection of the Information System on Occupational Exposure
Optimisation of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (2010)
National and International Guidance and Questions for Further Discussion
PENELOPE 2001 - A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 5-7 November 2001
PENELOPE 2003 - A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (2003)
Workshop Proceedings, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 7-10 June 2003
PENELOPE-2006: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (2006)
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 4-7 July 2006
PENELOPE-2008: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport (2009)
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 30 June-3 July 2008
PSACOIN Level 0 Intercomparison (1987)
An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
PSACOIN Level 1A Intercomparison (1990)
An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
PSACOIN Level E Intercomparison (1989)
An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
Partnering for Long-term Management of Radioactive Waste (2010)
Evolution and Current Practice in Thirteen Countries
Pellet-clad Interaction in Water Reactor Fuels (2005)
Seminar Proceedings, Aix-en-Provence, France, 9-11 March 2004
Perspectives on Nuclear Data for the Next Decade (2006)
Workshop Proceedings, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France, 26-28 September 2005
Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (2018)
R&D Priorities for Loss-of-Cooling and Loss-of-Coolant Accidents in Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools
Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28-30 September 1998
Physics of Plutonium Recycling (2002)
Multiple Pu Recycling in Advanced PWRs - Volume VI
Physics of Plutonium Recycling - Vol. VII (2003)
Volume VII: BWR MOX Benchmark - Specification and Results
Physics of Plutonium Recycling - Volume IX (2007)
Volume IX: Benchmark on Kinetic Parameters in the CROCUS Reactor
Physics of Plutonium Recycling - Volume VIII (2007)
Volume VIII: Results of a Benchmark Considering a High-temperature Reactor (HTR) Fuelled with Reactor-grade Plutonium
Plutonium Fuel: An Assessment (1989)
Report by an Expert Group
Plutonium Management in the Medium Term (2003)
A Review by the OECD/NEA Working Party on the Physics of Plutonium Fuels and Innovative Fuel Cycles (WPPR)
Policy Issues in Radiological Protection Decision Making (2001)
Summary Report of the 2nd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, January 2001
Pressured Water Reactor Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) Benchmark (2003)
Volume IV: Results of Phase III on Coupled Core-plant Transient Modelling
Pressurised Water Reactor Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) Benchmark (2000)
Volume II: Results of Phase I on Point Kinetics
Pressurised Water Reactor Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) Benchmark (2002)
Volume III: Results of Phase 2 on 3-D Core Boundary Conditions Modelling
Probabilistic System Assessment Group (The) (1997)
History and Achievement - 1985-1994
Projected costs of Generating Electricity - Update 1992 (1993)
Joint Report of the OECD/NEA and the IEA
Public Confidence in the Management of Radioactive Waste: The Canadian Context (2003)
Workshop Proceedings, Ottawa, Canada, 14-18 October 2002
Public Information, Consultation and Involvement in Radioactive Waste Management (2003)
An International Overview of Approaches and Experiences
Pyrochemical Separations (2001)
Workshop Proceedings, Avignon, France, 14-16 March 2000
Quality Improvement of the EXFOR Database (2011)
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 30
Radiation Protection Today and Tomorrow (1994)
A Collective Opinion by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health
Radioactive Waste Management and Constructing Memory for Future Generations (2015)
Proceedings of the International Conference and Debate, 15-17 September 2015, Verdun, France
Radioactive Waste Management in Spain: Co-ordination and Projects (2007)
FSC Workshop Proceedings, L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Spain, 21-23 November 2005
Radioactive Waste Repositories and Host Regions: Envisaging the Future Together (2010)
Synthesis of the FSC National Workshop and Community Visit, Bar-le-Duc, France, 7-9 April 2009
Radiological Protection of the Environment (2003)
Summary Report of the Issues
Radiological Protection of the Environment: The Path Forward to a New Policy? (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Taormina, Sicily, Italy, 12-14 February 2002
Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Oskarshamn, Sweden, 7-9 May 2001
Reactor Noise - SMORN I (1974)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting CSN Casaccia, Rome, Italy, 21-25 October 1974
Reactor Noise - SMORN II (1977)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USAm 19-23 September 1977
Reactor Noise - SMORN III (1981)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Tokyo, Japan, 26-30 October 1981
Reactor Noise - SMORN IV (1984)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Dijon, France, 15-19 October 1984
Reactor Noise - SMORN V (1987)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Munich, FRG, 12-16 October 1987
Recycling and Reuse of Materials Arising from the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (2017)
A Report by the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
Recycling and Reuse of Scrap Metals (1996)
A Report by a Task Group of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
Reform of Civil Nuclear Liability (2000)
Budapest Symposium 1999
Regional Development and Community Support for Radioactive Waste Management (web only) (2009)
Synthesis of the FSC National Workshop and Community Visit, Tengelic and Bataapati, Hungary, 14-17 November 2006
Regulating the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (2008)
Relevant Issues and Emerging Practices
Regulating the Long-term Safety of Geological Disposal (2007)
Towards a Common Understanding of the Main Objectives and Bases of Safety Criteria
Regulation and Guidance for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (2010)
A Review of the Literature and Initiatives of the Past Decade
Reversibility and Retrievability in Planning for Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (2012)
Proceedings of the "R&R" International Conference and Dialogue, 14-17 December 2010, Reims, France
Reversibility of Decisions and Retrievability of Radioactive Waste (2012)
Considerations for National Geological Disposal Programmes
Review of the Role, Activities and Working Methods of the CNRA (2005)
Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA)
Review of the Role, Activities and Working Methods of the CSNI (2005)
Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI)
SATIF-3 - Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (1998)
Proceedings of 3rd Specialists Meeting Sendai, Japan, 12-13 May 1997
SMORN-VII (1996)
Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Surveillance and Diagnostics in Nuclear Reactors
Safety Cases for Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand? (2008)
Symposium Proceedings, Paris, France, 23-25 January 2007
Safety of Disposal of Spent Fuel, HLW and Long-lived ILW in Switzerland (2004)
An International Peer Review of the Post-closure Radiological Safety Assessment for Disposal in the Opalinus Clay of the Zürcher Weinland
Safety of Geological Disposal of High-level and Long-lived Radioactive Waste in France (2006)
An International Peer Review of the “Dossier 2005 Argile” Concerning Disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian Formation
Scenario Development Methods and Practices (2001)
An Evaluation Based on the NEA Workshop on Scenario Development, Madrid, Spain, May 1999
Science and Values in Radiological Protection (2011)
Summary of the CRPPH Workshops held in Helsinki (2008) and Vaux-de-Cernay (2009)
Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection (2007)
Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science
Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2 (2000)
Final Report of the Finnish Regional Exercise
Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2 (2001)
Final Report of the Hungarian Regional Exercise
Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2 (2001)
Final Report of the Canadian Regional Exercise
Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 4 (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, 17-18 September 1998
Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 5 (2001)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 18-21 July 2000
Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 6 (2004)
Workshop Proceedings, Stanford, California, USA, 10-12 April 2002
Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 7 (2005)
Workshop Proceedings, Lisbon, Portugal, 17-18 May 2004
Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities -- SATIF-11 (2013)
Workshop Proceedings, Tsukuba, Japan, 11-13 September 2012
Shielding Aspects of Accelerators,Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF-10 (2010)
Workshop Proceedings, Geneva, Switzerland, 2-4 June 2010
Small Modular Reactors (2016)
Nuclear Energy Market Potential for Near-term Deployment
Source Convergence in Criticality Safety Analyses (2006)
Phase I: Results for Four Test Problems
Speciation Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources (2006)
Workshop Proceedings, Berkeley, California, USA, 14-16 September 2004
Speciation Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources (2007)
Workshop Proceedings, Karlsruhe, Germany, 18-20 September 2006
Speciation, Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchroton Light Sources (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Grenoble, France, 10-12 September 2000
Speciation, Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Grenoble, France, 4-6 October 1998
Stability and Buffering Capacity of the Geosphere for Long-term Isolation of Radioactive Waste (2005)
Application to Argillaceous Media - "Clay Club" Workshop Proceedings, Braunschweig, Germany, 9-11 December 2003
Stakeholder Confidence and Radioactive Waste Disposal (2000)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28-31 August 2000
Stakeholder Confidence in Radioactive Waste Management (2013)
An Annotated Glossary of Key Terms
Stakeholder Involvement Techniques (2004)
A Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography
Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (Villigen 3) (2004)
Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (2004)
Case Studies for the Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (2004)
Summary Report of the 3rd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, October 2003
Stepwise Decision Making in Finland for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Turku, Finland, 15-16 November 2001
Strategic Areas in Radioactive Waste Management (1999)
The Viewpoint and Work Orientations of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee
Strategic Aspects of Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management (2010)
Planning for Effective Decision Making; Consequence Management and Transition to Recovery
Strategy Selection for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (2004)
Seminar Proceedings, Tarragona, Spain, 1-4 September 2003
Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS) (2008)
Workshop Proceedings, Karlsruhe, Germany, 4-6 June 2007
Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS-2) (2012)
Workshop Proceedings, Daejon, Republic of Korea, 31 August-3 September 2010
Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference (2009)
Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), 31 May 2007
Summary of the Fourth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-4) (2013)
Exercise Conduct and Evaluation Questionnaires
Symposium on nuclear Reactor surveillance and Diagnostics - SMORN VI (1991)
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA, 19-24 May 1991
Technology and Components of Accelerator-driven Systems (2011)
Workshop Proceedings, Karlsruhe, Germany, 15-17 March 2010
The Decommissioning and Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities (2002)
Status, Approaches, Challenges
The French R&D Programme on Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (2003)
An International Peer Review of the "Dossier 2001 Argile"
The Future Policy for Radiological Protection (2004)
A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Proposals - Summary Report, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
The Future Policy for Radiological Protection (2003)
Workshop Proceedings, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety (2004)
Lessons Learnt from the April 2002 Workshop in Paris, France
The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety of Deep Geological Disposal (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France,16-18 April 2002
The JEF-2.2 Nuclear Data Library (2000)
JEFF Report 17
The JEFF-3.0 Nuclear Data Library (2004)
JEFF Report 19
The JEFF-3.0 Nuclear Data Library (Reprint) (2005)
JEFF Report 19 - Synopsis of the General Purpose File
The JEFF-3.1 Nuclear Data Library (2006)
JEFF Report 21
The JEFF-3.1.1 Nuclear Data Library (2009)
JEFF Report 22 - Validation Results from JEF-2.2 to JEFF-3.1.1
The Long-term Radiological Safety of a Surface Disposal Facility for Low-level Waste in Belgium (2012)
An International Peer Review of Key Aspects of ONDRAF/NIRAS' Safety Report of November 2011 in Preparation for the License Application
The Need for Integral Critical Experiments with Low-moderated MOX Fuels (2004)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 14-15 April 2004
The Nuclear Innovation 2050 Initiative (2019)
An NEA initiative to accelerate R&D and market deployment of innovative nuclear fission technologies to contribute to a sustainable energy future
The Post-closure Radiological Safety Case for a Spent Fuel Repository in Sweden (2012)
An International Peer Review of the SKB License-application Study of March 2011
The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (2006)
A Report by the CRPPH Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation (EGRA)
The Regulator's Evolving Role and Image in Radioactive Waste Management (2003)
Lessons Learnt within the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence
The Regulatory Control of Radioactive Waste Management (2004)
Overview of 15 NEA Member Countries
The Role of Research in a Regulatory Context (RRRC-2) (2008)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 5 December 2007
The Roles of Storage in the Management of Long-lived Radioactive Waste (2006)
Practices and Potentialities in OECD Countries
The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (2019)
An Economic Diagnosis and Possible Solutions
The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (2011)
The Path to Reliability
The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (2012)
Market Impacts of Converting to Low-enriched Uranium Targets for Medical Isotope Production
The Use of Thermodynamic Databases in Performance Assessment (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 29-30 May 2001
The Way Forward in Radiological Protection (2002)
An Expert Group Report
Thermal Performance of High Burn-Up LWR Fuel (1998)
Seminar Proceedings, Cadarache, France, 3-6 March 1998
Thermal Scattering Law S(α,β): Measurement, Evaluation and Application (2019)
International Evaluation Co-operation Volume 42
Towards Transparent, Proportionate and Deliverable Regulation for Geological Disposal (2010)
Workshop Proceedings, Tokyo, Japan, 20-22 January 2009
Towards a Shared Understanding of Radiological Risks (2020)
Summary Report of the NEA Stakeholder Involvement Workshop on Risk Communication
Transparency of Nuclear Regulatory Activities (2007)
Workshop Proceedings,Tokyo and Tokai-Mura, Japan, 22-24 May 2007
Trends in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle (2002)
Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects
Unlocking Reductions in the Construction Costs of Nuclear (2020)
A Practical Guide for Stakeholders
Uranium 1997: Resources, Production and Demand (1998)
A Joint report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
Uranium 1999: Resources, Production and Demand (2000)
A Joint report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
Uranium 2003: Resources, Production and Demand (2004)
A Joint Report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand (2006)
A Joint Report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
Uranium-235 Capture Cross-section in the keV to MeV Energy Region (2011)
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 29
Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (2005)
Workshop Proceedings, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 16-19 May 2004
Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (2001)
Workshop Proceedings, Aix-en-Provence, France, 22-24 November 1999
Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (2003)
Workshop Proceedings, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 12-16 May 2002
Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Mito, Japan, 13-15 October 1998
Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (HPPA5) (2008)
Workshop Proceedings, Mol, Belgium, 6-9 May 2007
VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark (2010)
Phase 2 (V1000CT-2) Summary Results of Exercise 1 on Vessel Mixing Simulation
VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark (Vol. I) (2002)
PHASE 1 (V1000CT-1), Vol. I: Main Coolant Pump (MCP) Switching On - Final Specifications
VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark (Vol. II) (2006)
Phase 1 (V1000CT-1), Vol. 2: Summary Results of Exercise 1 on Point Kinetics Plant Simulation
VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark - Phase 1 (Vol. 3) (2007)
Phase I (V1000CT-1), Vol. 3: Summary Results of Exercise 2 on Coupled 3-D Kinetics/Core Thermal-hydraulics
VVER-1000 MOX Core Computational Benchmark (2006)
Specification and Results
Water-conducting Features in Radionuclide Migration (1999)
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 10-12 June 1998
Work Management in the Nuclear Power Industry (1997)
A Manual prepared for the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health by the ISOE Expert Group on the Impact of Work Management on Occupational Exposure

Detailed publication list

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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Ensuring the Adequacy of Funding Arrangements for Decommissioning and Spent-Fuel Disposal
English, published: 06/18/21
NEA#7549
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_59705/ensuring-the-adequacy-of-funding-for-decommissioning-and-radioactive-waste-management
The world’s nuclear power reactors are ageing, with the majority approaching the end of their planned
operational lifetimes in the coming years. The adequacy of funding for decommissioning and radioactive
waste management (RMW) thus increasingly commands the attention of decision-makers.
This report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) combines a solid conceptual framework with the
insights from twelve case studies of NEA member countries to propose a new approach to the adequacy of
funding that is both robust and flexible.
Current funding systems in NEA countries are overall adequate. The challenges ahead however are
formidable: decommissioning and RWM are moving from design to implementation, returns on assets
are low and societal preferences can evolve. The very long-term nature of the solutions, in particular
for radioactive waste disposal, is also not easily compatible with the economic lifetimes of the original
liability holders.
This requires that all elements of the system – accrued funds, expected future returns, the lifetimes of
nuclear power plants, the expected costs of politically sustainable technical solutions and the liabilities
for residual risks – are reviewed and realigned at regular intervals. Complementing existing approaches
with such a circular approach will strengthen funding arrangements and ensure their adequacy for decades
to come.
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Ten Years on from the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident
English, published: 03/04/21
NEA#7558
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_56742/fukushima-daiichi-nuclear-power-plant-accident-ten-years-on?details=true
Much has been learnt in the ten years since the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and the subsequent
accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, but significant challenges still remain.
This report presents the current situation at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and the
responses by Japanese authorities and the international community since the accident. It will assist both
policymakers and the general public to understand the multi-dimensional issues stemming from the
accident. These include disaster recovery, compensation for damages, nuclear safety, nuclear regulation,
radiation protection, plant decommissioning, radioactive waste management, psycho-social issues in the
community and societal resilience.
Building on two previous reports released by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 2013 and 2016,
the report examines the plant’s future, that of the affected region and population, as well as outlining
areas for further improvement and how the international community can help.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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Chemical Thermodynamics of Iron – Part 2
English, published: 02/21/20
NEA#7499
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/pubs/7499-vol13b-iron.pdf
This is Volume 13b in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) “Chemical Thermodynamics” series. It is the second part of a critical review of the thermodynamic properties of iron, its solid compounds and aqueous complexes, initiated as part of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project Phase IV (TDB IV), and a continuation of Part 1, which was published in 2013 as volume 13a. The database system developed at the NEA Data Bank ensures consistency not only within the recommended data sets of iron, but also among all the data sets published in the series. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.
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Insights from Leaders in Nuclear Energy: Innovative Leadership
English, published: 05/29/20
NEA#7528
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2020/7528-leader-insights-3.pdf
Insights from Leaders in Nuclear Energy shares personal insights through a series of in-depth conversations between the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Director-General and leading figures in the sector. Each conversation explores the current issues and offers new ways to address challenges and aim for excellence.

William D. Magwood IV, Director-General of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), sat down with Rumina Velshi, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, on 17 January 2020. Ms Velshi has extensive experience in the energy sector, including its technical, regulatory and adjudicatory aspects. She visited the NEA to attend briefings on key programmes and activities and to have an open discussion on issues related to leadership in today’s nuclear energy sector. In a wide-ranging discussion, she shared her perspectives as a leader in nuclear safety, her long-standing involvement in nuclear energy regulation and her activities promoting careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The conversation covered the important aspects of leadership, current issues affecting an organisation that promotes nuclear safety, preparation for future nuclear energy technologies and the achievement of a better gender balance in the workforce.
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International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook 2020
English, published: 12/24/20
NEA#7520
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgdownload/science/icsbep-handbook/CD2020/
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality and safety analysts as well as nuclear data evaluators to validate calculational techniques and data. The handbook is produced by the ICSBEP working group, under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). While co-ordination and administration of the ICSBEP is undertaken by the NEA, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction, and priorities of the project within their respective countries.
The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data in the 2020 edition contains 582 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 5 053 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 237 configurations which have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.
New to the handbook are the first experiments from the Thermal/Epithermal eXperiments (TEX) program that were performed at the National Critical Experiments Research Center (NCERC) in the USA.
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International Roundtable on the Final Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel: Summary Report
English, published: 08/04/20
NEA#7529
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_39718/international-roundtable-on-the-final-disposal-of-high-level-radioactive-waste-and-spent-fuel-summary-report
Worldwide consensus exists within the international community that geological repositories can provide the necessary long-term safety and security to isolate long-lived radioactive waste from the human environment over long timescales. Such repositories are also feasible to construct using current technologies. However, proving the technical merits and safety of repositories, while satisfying societal and political requirements, has been a challenge in many countries.
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, the United States Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency co-organised a forum for discussion with the aim of developing a strategy for addressing this challenge through international co-operation. At the International Roundtable meetings, policymakers from 15 countries and the International Atomic Energy Agency gathered and shared knowledge about public understanding and technological development related to final disposal.
This report is a summary of the discussions held and experiences shared during the two sessions of the International Roundtable on Final Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel, held on 14 October 2019 and 7 February 2020 in Paris, France.
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Management and Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste: Global Progress and Solutions
English, published: 06/29/20
NEA#7532
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_32567/management-and-disposal-of-high-level-radioactive-waste-global-progress-and-solutions
Radioactive waste results from many different activities in health care, industry, research, and power production. All such waste must be managed safely, with the protection of human health and the environment as the highest priority. After decades of research, the international scientific community is now confident that placing high level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories (DGRs) is both safe and effective.

The government of each country has the absolute right and responsibility to implement the energy and environmental policies it believes are best. In the case of the disposal of radioactive waste, it is paramount that these debates should be informed by objective facts. This report therefore aims to provide the general reader with the current state of knowledge with regards to the management of high level radioactive waste in DGRs.
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Methods for Assessing and Strengthening the Safety Culture of the Regulatory Body
English, published: 02/22/21
NEA#7535
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_57211/methods-for-assessing-and-strengthening-the-safety-culture-of-the-regulatory-body
It is essential that organisations in the nuclear community maintain a healthy safety culture to achieve
common goals regarding the safe operation of nuclear facilities and the safe use of nuclear material.
Regulatory bodies are no exception, as a key element of the interconnected system which includes
licensees, research institutions, technical support organisations, as well as governmental organisations
and other stakeholders. By their very nature, regulatory bodies deeply influence the safety culture and
the safety of the organisations they regulate and oversee. Based on their regulatory strategy, the way
they carry out their daily oversight work, the type of relationship they cultivate with licensees, the values
they convey and the importance they give to safety, regulatory bodies profoundly impact the licensees’
safety culture, their sense of responsibility for safety and, by extension, the safety of their installations.
Regulatory bodies apply a number of methods, practices and approaches to foster and sustain a healthy
safety culture. This report provides an overview and practical examples to build the regulatory bodies’
safety culture competence and to perform self-reflection and self-assessment with regard to their own
safety culture and its impact on the safety culture of the organisations they oversee. Drawing directly
from the experiences from OECD Nuclear Energy Agency member countries, the report discusses effective
methods to disseminate safety culture throughout the regulatory body, to build competence in safety
culture, and to develop self-reflection and self-assessment activities. Finally, the report presents ten
conclusions based on lessons learnt and best practices to inspire managers to continuously develop their
regulatory body’s safety culture.
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NEA 2019 Annual Report
English, published: 05/12/20
NEA#7517
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2019/ar2019.pdf
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Nuclear Energy Data 2020 - Donnés sur l'énergie nucléaire 2020
English, published: 02/26/21
NEA#7556
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_56830/nuclear-energy-data-2020-/-donnees-sur-l-energie-nucleaire-2020?details=true
Les Donnees sur l?energie nucleaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux
preparee par l?Agence de l?OCDE pour l?energie nucleaire, presentent la situation de l?energie nucleaire
dans les pays membres de l?AEN et dans la zone de l?OCDE. Les informations communiquees par les
gouvernements comprennent des statistiques sur la production d?electricite totale et nucleaire, les
capacites et les besoins du cycle du combustible et, lorsqu?elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu?en
2040. Les rapports nationaux proposent une synthese des politiques energetiques, de la situation des
programmes electronucleaires et des evolutions du cycle du combustible.
En 2020, la pandemie de COVID-19 a mis en avant l?importance de la securite de l?approvisionnement
en electricite dans nos societes modernes. S?il est difficile d?evaluer les consequences a long terme sur
la production d?electricite, on observe que, pendant la crise, l?energie nucleaire a continue de soutenir la
securite d?approvisionnement et demeure, avec les renouvelables, l?une des sources d?electricite les plus
resilientes. En 2019, les centrales nucleaires ont continue de fournir de grandes quantites d?electricite en
base faiblement carbonee, et ce dans un contexte de forte concurrence avec les combustibles fossiles
bon marche et les energies renouvelables. Les pays decides a inclure ou conserver le nucleaire dans leur
bouquet energetique ont poursuivi leurs projets de deploiement ou d?augmentation de leur puissance
nucleaire installee. Ainsi, des projets de construction progressent en Finlande, en Hongrie,
au RoyaumeUni, en Russie et en Turquie. De plus amples informations sur ces evolutions et
d?autres developpements sont fournies dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux
que contient cet ouvrage. Cette publication contient des < StatLinks >. Fonctionnant comme un lien internet,
un StatLink fournit l?acces a la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 104
English, published: 10/27/20
NEA#7533
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_47638/nuclear-law-bulletin-no-104-volume-2020/1?details=true#:~:text=104%20%E2%80%93%20Volume%202020%2F1,-Flagship&text=The%20Nuclear%20Law%20Bulletin%20is,information%20on%20nuclear%20law%20developments.
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - 2020 Edition
English, published: 12/10/20
NEA#7531
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_28612/projected-costs-of-generating-electricity
This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the ninth in a series of studies on electricity generating costs. As countries work towards ensuring an electricity supply that is reliable, affordable and increasingly low carbon, it is crucial that policymakers, modellers and experts have at their disposal reliable information on the cost of generation. This report includes cost data on power generation from natural gas, coal, nuclear, and a broad range of renewable technologies. For the first time, information on the costs of storage technologies, the long-term operation of nuclear power plants and fuel cells is also included. Also for the first time, the report is also accompanied by an online Levelised Cost of Electricity Calculator. The calculator allows for easy download of all data tables in the report, and empowers the user to examine the impact of changing select variables, such as the discount rate, fuel prices or the cost of carbon.

The detailed plant-level cost data for 243 power plants in 24 countries, both OECD and non-OECD, is based on the contributions of participating governments and has been treated according to a common methodology in order to provide transparent and comparable results. Low-carbon electricity systems are characterised by increasingly complex interactions of different technologies with different functions in order to ensure reliable supply at all times. The 2020 edition of Projected Costs of Generating Electricity thus puts into context the plain metric for plant-level cost, the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE). System effects and system costs are identified with the help of the broader value-adjusted LCOE, or VALCOE metric. Extensive sensitivity analyses and five essays treating broader issues that are crucial in electricity markets round out the complementary information required to make informed decisions. A key insight is the importance of the role the electricity sector plays in decarbonising the wider energy sector through electrification and sector coupling.

The key insight of the 2020 edition of Projected Costs of Generating Electricity is that the levelised costs of electricity generation of low-carbon generation technologies are falling and are increasingly below the costs of conventional fossil fuel generation. Renewable energy costs have continued to decrease in recent years and their costs are now competitive, in LCOE terms, with dispatchable fossil fuel-based electricity generation in many countries. The cost of electricity from new nuclear power plants remains stable, yet electricity from the long-term operation of nuclear power plants constitutes the least cost option for low-carbon generation. At the assumed carbon price of USD 30 per tonne of CO2 and pending a breakthrough in carbon capture and storage, coal-fired power generation is slipping out of the competitive range. The cost of gas-fired power generation has decreased due to lower gas prices and confirms the latter’s role in the transition. Readers will find a wealth of details and analysis, supported by over 100 figures and tables, that establish the continuing value of the Projected Costs of Generating Electricity as an indispensable tool for decision-makers, researchers and experts interested in identifying and comparing the costs of different generating options in today’s electricity sector.
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Small Modular Reactors: Challenges and Opportunities
English, published: 03/23/21
NEA#7560
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_57979/small-modular-reactors-challenges-and-opportunities
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are gaining recognition among policymakers and industry players
as a promising nuclear technology. SMRs can be defined as nuclear reactors with a power output
between 10 MWe and 300 MWe that incorporate by design higher modularisation, standardisation and
factory-based construction levels enabling more predictable delivery models based on the economies
of series. Today, more than 50 concepts are under development covering a wide range of technology
approaches and maturity levels. The value proposition of the SMR technology also includes potential
financing and system integration benefits. These attractive features, however, rely on a business case
that requires the development of a global SMR market to become economically viable. Large-scale
deployment of SMRs faces several technical, economic, regulatory and supply chain challenges and
will need considerable governmental efforts and efficient international collaborative frameworks to be
realised in the next decade.
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Specifications for the Generalised Nuclear Database Structure (GNDS)
English, published: 05/25/20
NEA#7519
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_39689/specifications-for-the-generalised-nuclear-database-structure-gnds
Knowledge of basic nuclear physics data is essential for the modelling and safe operation of all types of nuclear facilities. The de facto international standard format, Evaluated Nuclear Data File 6 (ENDF-6) format, was designed originally for 1960s era punch-card readers. The replacement of the system of codes built off this format has been recognised as an important initiative.
The ability to use increasingly high-fidelity nuclear physics, coupled to accurate uncertainties, is crucial for advanced simulations. This in turn requires more detailed and accurate data, then requiring improvements to the data storage standards, simultaneously enabling robust Quality Assurance and transfer of knowledge to the next generation.
In 2013, the NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) launched a project to review the requirements for an international replacement for ENDF-6. The recommendations prompted the creation of a new Expert Group on a Generalised Nuclear Data Structure (GNDS) in 2016 that has used these requirements as the framework for a new format specification. Following rigorous international review, version 1.9 was unanimously approved as the first official published format.
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Towards a Shared Understanding of Radiological Risks
Summary Report of the NEA Stakeholder Involvement Workshop on Risk Communication
English, published: 02/26/21
NEA#7554
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_56307/towards-a-shared-understanding-of-radiological-risks?details=true
The decisions made about exposure to ionising radiation tend to be driven by subjective judgements about
the health risks that radiation exposure may cause. In order to reach decisions that are effective and
sustainable, it is essential for nuclear safety regulators, governments, nuclear facility operators and other
nuclear energy decision makers to communicate scientific, technical and regulatory information regarding
radiological and other risks to all stakeholders. Communicating such information can be complex since
people judge and evaluate risks differently depending on the context and on their perceptions of risk.
In this context, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised the “Stakeholder Involvement Workshop
on Risk Communication: Towards a Shared Understanding of Radiological Risks” in September 2019.
The workshop provided an opportunity for participants to share perspectives and lessons learnt in risk
communication, identifying what has been effective and what has been less effective in the various cases.
By understanding how situation-specific factors influence risk communication, a common framework
addressing such circumstances can begin to emerge.
This report attempts to capture the collective wisdom generated over the three days of interactions in the
hope that the knowledge gained from this workshop will benefit governments and citizens alike.
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Two Decades of Safety Case Development: IGSC 20th Anniversary Brochure
English, published: 12/21/20
NEA#7559
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_52665/two-decades-of-safety-case-development-an-igsc-20th-anniversary-brochure?details=true
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Unlocking Reductions in the Construction Costs of Nuclear
A Practical Guide for Stakeholders
English, published: 07/02/20
NEA#7530
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pl_30653/unlocking-reductions-in-the-construction-costs-of-nuclear
Today, with the completion of First-of-a-Kind Gen-III nuclear reactors, the nuclear sector is at a critical juncture. These reactors have led in several parts of the world to delays and construction costs overruns that have challenged the competitiveness of nuclear power and are driving the risk perception of future projects. Against this background, a review of historical and recent lessons learnt from nuclear and non-nuclear project offers ample evidence that nuclear new build can be delivered cost and time-effectively.

This study assesses the policy and governance frameworks needed to drive positive learning and continuous industrial performance for nuclear new build. The study also explores the risk allocation and mitigation priorities needed to define adequate financing schemes for these projects. In the longer-term, it identifies cost reduction opportunities associated with the harmonisation of code and standards and licensing regimes and new innovative designs (i.e. small modular reactors and advanced reactors).
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Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and Demand
English, published: 12/24/20
NEA#7551
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_52718/uranium-2020-resources-production-and-demand?details=true
Uranium is the raw material used to produce fuel for long-lived nuclear power facilities, necessary
for the generation of significant amounts of low-carbon electricity and other uses, such as heat and
hydrogen production, for decades to come. Although a valuable commodity, major producing countries
limited total production in recent years in response to a depressed uranium market. Uranium production
cuts have unexpectedly deepened with the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020,
leading to some questions being raised about future uranium supply.
This 28th edition of the “Red Book”, a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), provides analyses and
information from 45 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions.
The present edition reviews world uranium market fundamentals and presents data on global uranium
exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It offers updated information on
established uranium production centres and mine development plans, as well as projections of nuclear
generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through 2040.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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CSNI Technical Opinion Paper No. 17
Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessments for Nuclear Power Plants: 2019 Update
English, published: 05/27/19
NEA#7417
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2019/7417-csni-top17.pdf
CSNI Technical Opinion Paper No. 17: Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessments for Nuclear
Power Plants: 2019 Update provides an authoritative review of the current status and
use of the fire PSA in nuclear power plants. The report demonstrates that while fires
at a particular plant site are highly dependent on plant and site specific factors, they
are nonetheless an important contributor to overall risk. Insights from fire PSAs are
generally found to be aligned with operating experience and to be representative of
the expected plant response, making them valuable in addressing risk. This report
should be useful for regulators overseeing the use of fire PSAs in nuclear installations,
practitioners in understanding the considerations for performing or reviewing fire PSAs,
and researchers in identifying areas requiring further study.
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Challenges in Nuclear and Radiological Legacy Management
English, published: 12/16/19
NEA#7419
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2019/7419-eglm.pdf
Many countries are dealing with challenges stemming from nuclear and radiological legacy sites. In particular, managing these sites in an open and transparent fashion while taking into account the views of all relevant stakeholders and building confidence in the solutions adopted is an ongoing challenge.
This report provides information on the challenges and lessons learnt in legacy management and regulation based on practical experience documented in 13 case studies and site visits conducted by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. A preliminary framework for a stepwise process to help reach an accepted and sustainable end-state is proposed based on this experience. The complex challenges and interactions among stakeholders in progressing in a harmonised, step-by-step manner are also examined in depth. The report concludes with recommendations for future international collaborative work to improve and test the preliminary framework, and to examine and address the complexity of the relevant interactions.
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Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning
English, published: 05/27/19
NEA#7460
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7460-cost-benchmark-decom.pdf
The nuclear sector has in recent years been placing increasing attention on the need to better
understand variations between cost estimates for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, as well
as the relationship between estimated and actual costs, and the apparent escalation of these costs.
Building on previous work by the Nuclear Energy Agency, Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant
Decommissioning examines approaches and methods for the benchmarking of nuclear power plant
decommissioning costs. Particular focus is given to identifying key factors, drivers and constraints to
implementing cost benchmarking. These factors are addressed from a broad range of perspectives in
order to develop a roadmap for implementation that will garner sufficiently broad support from a wide
base of interested stakeholders. The report also identifies a number of perceived barriers that may impede
the implementation of benchmarking for decommissioning. Co-ordinated efforts and further analysis will
be needed to help remove these barriers.
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Country Specific Safety Culture Forum - Finland
English, published: 11/29/19
NEA#7488
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2019/7488-csscf-finland.pdf
One of the many important lessons learnt about nuclear safety over the years has been that human aspects of nuclear safety are as important as any technical issue that may arise in the course of nuclear operations. The international nuclear community can work together to identify and address issues associated with components and systems and compare operational experiences, but identifying how human behaviour affects safety and the best approaches to examine this behaviour from country to country remains less common.
Practical experience has nevertheless shown that there are important differences in how people work together and communicate across borders. People’s behaviours, attitudes and values do not stop at the gate of a nuclear installation, and awareness of the systemic nature of culture and its deeper aspects, such as the dynamics of how values and assumptions influence behaviours, continues to evolve.
The Country Specific Safety Culture Forum was created to gain a better understanding of how a national context relates to safety culture and how operators and regulators should think about these effects in their day-to-day activities, with the goal to ensure safe nuclear operations. The second NEA safety culture forum – a collaborative effort between the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) and the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland (STUK) – was held in Finland in March 2019. This report outlines the process used to conduct the forum, reveals its findings and hopes to inspire the nuclear community to further reflect and take action.
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Executive Summary of The Costs of Decarbonisation: System Costs with High Shares of Nuclear and Renewables
English, published: 01/25/19
NEA#7335
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2019/7335-system-costs-es.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Costs of Decarbonisation: System Costs with High Shares of Nuclear and Renewables
Under the Paris Agreement, OECD countries agreed to aim for a reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions sufficient to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre industrial levels. This commitment requires a massive effort to decarbonise energy and electricity generation, a radical restructuring of the electric power sector and the rapid deployment of large amounts of low-carbon generation technologies, in particular nuclear energy and renewable energies such as wind and solar PV.
This study assesses the costs of alternative low-carbon electricity systems capable of achieving strict carbon emission reductions consistent with the aims of the Paris Agreement. It analyses several deep decarbonisation scenarios to reach the same stringent carbon emission target but characterised by different shares of variable renewable technologies, hydroelectric power and nuclear energy.
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Final Report of the Expert Group on Waste Inventorying and Reporting Methodology
English, published: 11/25/20
NEA#7424
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_60915
Radioactive waste inventory data are an essential element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have thus evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s).
The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) developed a methodology that ensures consistency of national radioactive waste and spent fuel inventory data by presenting them in a common scheme in direct connection with accepted management strategy and disposal routes. This report provides the final version of the methodology and presenting scheme for spent nuclear fuel and the radioactive waste of all existing types. Additionally, there are recommendations in the report on how to enhance the comparability of national inventory data using the NEA methodology. The NEA support for joint efforts of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission on harmonisation of the reporting process by member countries to the Joint Convention and European Council Directive 2011/70 EURATOM is also presented in the report.
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Insights from Leaders in Nuclear Energy - Leadership for Safety
Hans Wanner, Director-General, Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI) and Mike Harrison, Chief Nuclear Officer, EDF Energy
English, published: 10/01/19
NEA#7491
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2019/7491-leader-insights-2.pdf
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Director-General William D. Magwood, IV sat down with Director-General Wanner and Chief Nuclear Officer Harrison during the NEA-IAEA-WANO Human Capital Workshop in June 2019 in Paris for a wide-ranging discussion regarding leadership and nuclear safety. The conversation touched on influencing behaviour, feedback culture, transparency, public communications, and the relationship between the regulator and operator.
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Insights from Leaders in Nuclear Energy: Safety, Performance, and Responsibility
English, published: 01/16/19
NEA#7461
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/series/insights/nra-japan.pdf
Insights from Leaders in Nuclear Energy shares personal insights through a series of in-depth conversations between the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Director-General and leading figures in the sector. Each conversation explores the current issues and offers new ways to address challenges and aim for excellence.
In August 2018, NEA Director-General William D. Magwood, IV sat down with Toyoshi Fuketa, Chairman of the Japanese Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA), for a wide-ranging discussion regarding nuclear safety issues in Japan. The conversation touches on the Tokyo Electronic Power Company (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, as well as ongoing challenges, Chairman Fuketa's perspective and insights and new directions for the NRA.
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International Co-operation in Nuclear Data Evaluation
An Extended Summary of the Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project
English, 40 pages, published: 07/18/19
NEA#7498
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2019/7498-cielo.pdf
Current knowledge of the nuclear physics of fuels and materials provides an understanding and simulation of the operations of nuclear reactors and other systems, both under ordinary and exceptional circumstances. As part of a broad spectrum of collaborative activities underpinning research in basic nuclear sciences, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is supporting collaboration between experimentalists,
theoreticians and modelling experts to advance the state of the art in nuclear data.
This report offers an overview of collective results from 31 institutions in 15 NEA member countries, along with results from technical experts in the People’s Republic of China, in the context of the NEA Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organisation (CIELO) Pilot Project. It reviews recent developments resulting from new measurements and semi-empirical models, as well as the validation of the CIELO nuclear data evaluations against suites of systems representing a wide range of current and future nuclear facilities. The CIELO project has delivered new, evaluated data for the isotopes of uranium, plutonium, iron, oxygen and hydrogen, which have been adopted in all nuclear data libraries released since the CIELO project was completed.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments – 2019
English, published: 09/06/19
NEA#7497
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/handbook.html
The Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (CSBEP) was initiated in 1992 by the United States Department of Energy. The project quickly became an international effort as scientists from other interested countries became involved. The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) became an official activity of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995. This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirements and placement. Many of the specifications are also useful for nuclear data testing. Example calculations are presented; however, these do not constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data.The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data in the 2019 edition are presented in nine volumes. These volumes span over 70 000 pages and contain 574 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 973 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 237 configurations which have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.New to the handbook are subcritical experiments with the Inherently Safe Subcritical Assembly (ISSA), carried out in the ISSA laboratory at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in the United States. A photograph of the core tank exterior is shown on the handbook cover.The 2019 edition is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1787/110ba6fc-en.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments – 2019
English, published: 12/02/19
NEA#7496
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wprs/irphe/handbook.html
The International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at nuclear facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by reactor designers, safety analysts and nuclear data evaluators to validate calculation techniques and data. While co-ordination and administration of the International Reactor Physics Evaluation (IRPhE) project is undertaken by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) at the international level, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction and priorities of the project within their respective countries. The information and data included in this handbook are available to NEA member countries, to all contributing countries and to others on a case-by-case basis. Example calculations are presented; however, these do not constitute validation or endorsement of the codes or cross-section data.
The 2019 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from 166 experimental series that were performed at 56 nuclear facilities. A total of 162 of the 166 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining four evaluations are published as draft documents only.
The cover of the handbook shows the graphite structural material from the Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), United States. Newly evaluated measurements from MSRE have been added to this edition of the handbook.
The 2019 edition is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1787/8d549c0f-en.
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Knowledge management in the context of an ageing workforce
NEA Policy Brief
English, published: 11/07/19
NEA#7513
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/nest/7513-knowledge-management.pdf
As the current nuclear workforce ages, concerns are arising over skills requirements and transferring knowledge to the new generation of experts and staff. A key issue is the loss of tacit knowledge accumulated by those who have long experience in the nuclear industry.
The best way to transfer knowledge to young people is to expose them to challenges through working on new projects, creating a continuity in the knowledge path.The management of critical knowledge concerns all sectors of the nuclear organisations (suppliers,
utilities, regulators and all levels of the nuclear workforce). There exists a need to maintain a critical mass of nuclear activities at the national level to retain knowledge without discontinuity.
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Legal Frameworks for Long-Term Operation of Nuclear Power Reactors
English, published: 11/22/19
NEA#7504
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/2019/7504-long-term-operation-npp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Legal Frameworks for Long-Term Operation of Nuclear Power Reactors: Synthèse 
With almost 70% of the operating nuclear power reactors over 30 years of age, countries around the world are assessing whether to allow reactor operation past the 50 60 year mark and potentially up to 80 years. Ensuring a proper legal framework for the long term operation (LTO) of nuclear power reactors is a key component of such considerations.

The aim of this report is to provide insights into the various laws, regulations and policies that contribute to different countries' approaches to LTO. By collecting information from more than 20 NEA member and non member countries, this report highlights both commonalities among approaches as well as possible reasons for variations. Ultimately, the information gathered can serve as a vital resource for future exchanges respecting the legal aspects of LTO, with a view to further development and strengthening of the collective understanding of these issues.
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Multi-Stage Validation of Control Room Designs and Modifications
English, published: 11/26/19
NEA#7466
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2019/7466-multi-stage-validation.pdf
A mature and well-guided multi-stage approach to the validation of nuclear power plant control room designs has the potential to reduce the risks involved in the design process. Such an approach can also increase the effectiveness of, and efficiencies in, the validation process, as well as overall confidence in the results. This relatively new concept of multi-stage validation has yet to be defined in the technical literature, and thus the report describes the approach and the rationale for validating systems through a series of successive, co-ordinated validation activities.
The scope of application of multi-scale validation addressed in the context of this report includes aspects related to both the human factors engineering of new nuclear power plant main control room designs and modifications to existing control room designs. The objective is to provide a common reference for future dialogue, research and development concerning the multi-stage validation approach, and ultimately to support the safe operation of nuclear power plants worldwide.
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NEA 2018 Annual Report
English, 79 pages, published: 05/06/19
NEA#7462
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2018/ar2018.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN 2018 Rapport Annuel 
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NEA International Mentoring Workshop in Fukushima, August 2019
English, published: 12/13/19
NEA#7514
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2019/7514-mentoring-workshop-2019.pdf
The NEA mentoring workshops are in line with the initiatives being undertaken by countries around the world to ensure that expertise is maintained in highly technical areas such as nuclear safety, radiological protection and other critical disciplines. Capacity-building efforts focusing on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields need to be sustained and reinforced – particularly those aimed at young women, who are significantly under-represented in many areas. It is in this spirit that the NEA partnered with Japan’s National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) in 2017 to organise its first International Mentoring Workshop in Science and Engineering, on 25-26 July 2017 in Chiba, Japan. The success of this first workshop has led to the organisation of two additional workshops in 2018 – one in Tokyo, Japan, and the other in Ávila, Spain. In 2019, another workshop was held on 2-3 August in Fukushima, Japan, in co-operation with the Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation (NDF). These workshops are a clear manifestation of the NEA’s commitment to maintaining, and further strengthening, its momentum in encouraging a future generation of female leaders in science and engineering fields.
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NEA News 37.2
English, published: 02/25/20
NEA#7465
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2020/37-2/nea-news-37-2.pdf
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NEA News Vol. 36.2
English, published: 02/01/19
NEA#7402
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2019/36-2/nea-news-36-2.pdf
NEA News is the professional journal of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). It features articles on the latest nuclear energy issues concerning the economic and technical aspects of nuclear energy, nuclear safety and regulation, radioactive waste management, radiological protection, nuclear science and nuclear legislation. Each issue provides facts and opinions on nuclear energy, updates on NEA activities, a brief presentation of new NEA publications and other NEA news, along with links to NEA videos.

Topics covered in this issue of NEA News include: Perspectives on nuclear data activities at the Data Bank: Enhancing the validation function; An NEA State-of-the-Art Report on Accident-Tolerant Fuels; Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum in Sweden; 2018 NEA International Mentoring Workshops; NEA International Radiological Protection School (IRPS): Preparing tomorrow’s radiological protection leaders; and Nuclear Law Bulletin: 50 years of legal scholarship. This issue of NEA News also includes a guest editorial by Bernard Boullis, Advisor to France’s High Commissioner for Atomic Energy, on Science and Radioactive Waste Management.

A special thank you to the contributors to this edition of NEA News: Franco Michel-Sendis, Luca Fiorito, Michael Fleming, Kemal Pasamehmetoglu, Shannon Bragg-Sitton, Marie Moatti, Masaki Kurata, Davide Costa, Pascale Bourassa, Kamishan Martin, Yeonhee Hah, Tomoyuki Saito, Olvido Guzmán, Edward Lazo, Kimberly Nick and Bernard Boullis.
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NEA News Vol. 37.1
English, published: 07/30/19
NEA#7464
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2019/37-1/nea-news-37-1.pdf
NEA News is the professional journal of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). It features articles on the latest nuclear energy issues concerning the economic and technical aspects of nuclear energy, nuclear safety and regulation, radioactive waste management, radiological protection, nuclear science and nuclear legislation. Each issue provides facts and opinions on nuclear energy, updates on NEA activities, a brief presentation of new NEA publications and other NEA news, along with links to NEA videos.

Topics covered in this issue of NEA News include: The true costs of decarbonisation; Sustaining multinational nuclear fuel and materials testing capacities for safety, industry and science; Knowledge management and the sustainability of the nuclear sector.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2019
Bilingual, published: 12/16/19
NEA#7474
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2019/7474-ned-2019.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting nuclear power status in NEA member countries and in the OECD area. Information provided by governments includes statistics on total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, fuel cycle capacities and requirements, and projections to 2040, where available. Country reports summarise energy policies, updates of the status in nuclear energy programmes and fuel cycle developments. In 2018, nuclear power continued to supply significant amounts of low-carbon baseload electricity, despite strong competition from low-cost fossil fuels and subsidised renewable energy sources. Governments committed to having nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans for developing or increasing nuclear generating capacity, with the preparation of new build projects making progress in Finland, Hungary, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Further details on these and other developments are provided in the publication’s numerous tables, graphs and country reports.

Les Données sur l’énergie nucléaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux préparée par l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire, présentent la situation de l’énergie nucléaire dans les pays membres de l’AEN et dans la zone de l’OCDE. Les informations communiquées par les gouvernements comprennent des statistiques sur la production d’électricité totale et nucléaire, les capacités et les besoins du cycle du combustible et, lorsqu’elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu’en 2040. Les rapports nationaux présentent brièvement les politiques énergétiques, la situation des programmes électronucléaires et ceux du cycle du combustible. En 2018, l’énergie nucléaire a continué de fournir des quantités importantes d’électricité en base faiblement carbonée, et ce dans un contexte de forte concurrence avec les combustibles fossiles bon marché et les énergies renouvelables. Les pays décidés à inclure ou conserver le nucléaire dans leur bouquet énergétique ont poursuivi leurs projets de déploiement ou d’augmentation de leur puissance nucléaire installée. Ainsi, des projets de construction progressent en Finlande, en Hongrie, au Royaume-Uni et en Turquie.
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Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Strategies and Considerations for the Back-end
English, published: 02/24/21
NEA#7469
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_55928/strategies-and-considerations-for-the-back-end-of-the-fuel-cycle?details=true
A wealth of technical information exists on nuclear fuel cycle options – combinations of nuclear fuel
types, reactor types, used or spent nuclear fuel (SNF) treatments, and disposal schemes – and most
countries with active nuclear power programmes conduct some level of research and development
on advanced nuclear fuel cycles. However, perhaps because of the number of options that exist, it is
often difficult for policy makers to understand the nature and magnitude of the differences between
the various options.
This report explores the fuel cycle options and the differentiating characteristics of these options. It
also describes the driving factors for decisions related to both the development of the fuel cycle and
the characteristics resulting from implementing the option. It includes information on the current
status and future plans for power reactors, reprocessing facilities, disposal facilities, and the status of
research and development activities in several countries. It is designed for policy makers to understand
the differences among the fuel cycle options in a way that is concise, understandable, and based on
the existing technologies, while keeping technical discussions to a minimum.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 101 – Volume 2/2018
English, published: 02/12/19
NEA#7427
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb101.pdf

Other language(s):
- : Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 101 - Volume 2/2018 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.
Feature articles and studies in this issue include: “The impact of the major nuclear power plant accidents on the international legal framework for nuclear power”; “Today is yesterday’s pupil: Reactor licence renewal in the United States”; and “Euratom competence in the areas of nuclear security and nuclear safety: An impossible parallel?”.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 102 – Volume 1/2019
English, published: 08/12/19
NEA#7501
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb102.pdf
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academic
in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.
Feature articles and studies in this issue include “In search of the elusive conflict: The (in-)compatibility of the Treaties on the Non Proliferation and Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons”; “From Waste Confidence to Continued Storage: Legal theories supporting the US NRC’s licensing of nuclear facilities without a repository” and “New framework for radiation protection legislation in Germany”.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 103 – Volume 2/2019
English, published: 03/27/20
NEA#7502
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb103.pdf
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.
Feature articles and studies in this issue include: “A perspective on key legal considerations for performance-based regulating” and “Technology-neutral licensing of advanced reactors: Evaluating the past and present NRC framework”.
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Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experience 2015-2017
English, 74 pages, published: 04/21/20
NEA#7482
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_53449/nuclear-power-plant-operating-experience-from-the-iaea/nea-incident-reporting-system-2015-2017
The International Reporting System for Operating Experience (IRS) is an essential system for the international exchange of information on safety related events at nuclear power plants worldwide. The fundamental objective of the IRS is to enhance the safety of nuclear power plants through the sharing of timely and detailed information on such events, and the lessons that can be learnt from them, to reduce the chance of recurrence at other plants. The first edition of this publication covered safety related events reported between 1996 and 1999. This seventh edition covers the 2015-2017 period and highlights important lessons learnt from a review of the 246 event reports received from participating states during those years. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2016)
Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2016
English, published: 05/07/19
NEA#7453
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2019/7453-2016_isoe_annual_report.pdf
This 26th Annual Report of the International System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) Programme
presents the status of the Programme in 2016.
As of 31 December 2016, the ISOE programme included 74 participating utilities in 28 countries
(343 operating units; 53 shutdown units; 7 units under construction), as well as the regulatory
authorities in 26 countries. The ISOE database includes occupational exposure information for over
400 units, covering over 85% of the world’s operating commercial power reactors.
This report includes a global occupational exposure data and analysis collected and accomplished
in 2016, information on the programme events and achievements as well as principal events in
participating countries.
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Optimising the Management of Low-level Radioactive Waste and Materials from Decommissioning
English, published: 10/23/20
NEA#7425
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_47447/optimising-management-of-low-level-radioactive-materials-and-waste-from-decommissioning
Low-level and very low-level waste represent the vast majority of radioactive waste by volume from decommissioning activity at nuclear facilities around the world, but they are only a small fraction of the radiological inventory. The availability of the appropriate waste management infrastructure, including a robust process and procedures for managing waste, waste disposal routes and an appropriate safety culture, are key components of an optimal approach to decommissioning. Recognising the important role of an effective waste management strategy in the delivery of a successful decommissioning programme, the former NEA Working Party on
Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) established an expert group in 2016 – the Task Group on Optimising Management of Low-Level Radioactive Materials and Waste from Decommissioning (TGOM) – to examine how countries manage (very) low-level radioactive waste and materials arising from decommissioning.
This report explores elements contributing to the optimisation of national approaches at a strategic level, describing the main factors and the relationships between them. It also identifies constraints in the practical implementation of optimisation based on
experience in NEA member countries.
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Policy Brief on The Costs of Decarbonisation: System Costs with High Shares of Nuclear and Renewables
English, published: 07/24/19
NEA#7508
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/policy/systemcosts-pb.pdf
Under the Paris Agreement, OECD countries agreed to aim for a reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions sufficient to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre industrial levels. This commitment requires a massive effort to decarbonise energy and electricity generation, a radical restructuring of the electric power sector and the rapid deployment of large amounts of low-carbon generation technologies, in particular nuclear energy and renewable energies such as wind and solar PV.
This study assesses the costs of alternative low-carbon electricity systems capable of achieving strict carbon emission reductions consistent with the aims of the Paris Agreement. It analyses several deep decarbonisation scenarios to reach the same stringent carbon emission target but characterised by different shares of variable renewable technologies, hydroelectric power and nuclear energy.
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Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations: Compiling a Set of Essential Records for a Radioactive Waste Repository
English, published: 09/24/19
NEA#7423
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7423-RKM-SER.pdf
Radioactive waste repositories are designed to be intrinsically safe in that they are not dependent on the presence or intervention of humans. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations Initiative, calling on the international community to help create specific means to preserve RK&M.
This report proposes and describes the concept of a Set of Essential Records (SER) as an important component of a RK&M preservation strategy. The SER is designed to be a compilation of actual records, selected because they would be required for future generations to understand the repository system and its performance, and to assist them in making informed decisions.
The guidance set forward in this document is complemented by appendices, illustrating an example procedure for the selection of records to form part of the SER.
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Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory across Generations: Final Report
English, published: 12/13/19
NEA#7421
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7421-RKM-Final.pdf
Radioactive waste repositories are designed to isolate waste from the living environment without human intervention over extended periods of time. Nevertheless, the intention is not to abandon the repositories, but to provide the oversight that is necessary to ensure that they are not forgotten by society. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency launched the international initiative “Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations”. As a result, an in-depth understanding of
this issue was developed, as well as a specific methodology to address it. The RK&M preservation toolbox, for example, offers a menu with 35 different preservation mechanisms and guidelines on how to combine and implement them.

This report may be used as a general guide to the RK&M preservation topic. It presents a historical review, addresses ethical considerations, analyses the fundamentals of RK&M preservation, outlines various mechanisms and indicates how to develop these mechanisms into a systemic RK&M preservation strategy. The report aims to inspire and assist a variety of actors so that they can discuss and develop national and repository-specific RK&M preservation strategies.
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Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory across Generations: Developing a Key Information File for a Radioactive Waste Repository
English, published: 05/27/19
NEA#7377
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7377-rkm-kif.pdf
Radioactive waste repositories are designed to be intrinsically safe in that they are not
dependent on the presence or intervention of humans. In response to this challenge,
the Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and
Memory (RK&M) Across Generations Initiative, calling on the international community
to help create specific means to preserve RK&M.
The concept of a key information file (KIF) emerged in response to the challenge
presented by the large volumes of RK&M material generated by national disposal
programmes. This concept has been developed into an important component of a RK&M
preservation strategy. The KIF is designed to be a single, short document, produced in a
standard format, with the aim of allowing society to understand the nature and intent
of a repository, and thus to reduce the likelihood of unnecessary human intrusion. It
should be made openly available and ultimately be widely distributed.
This report describes the KIF concept in detail, in a manner that should enable those
concerned with any particular repository to create their own versions. Three draft
key information files, currently under development to support RK&M preservation in
France, Sweden and the United States, are provided as examples.
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The Costs of Decarbonisation: System Costs with High Shares of Nuclear and Renewables
English, published: 01/25/19
NEA#7299
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2019/7299-system-costs.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Executive Summary of The Costs of Decarbonisation: System Costs with High Shares of Nuclear and Renewables
Under the Paris Agreement, OECD countries agreed to aim for a reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions sufficient to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2?C above pre industrial levels. This commitment requires a massive effort to decarbonise energy and electricity generation, a radical restructuring of the electric power sector and the rapid deployment of large amounts of low-carbon generation technologies, in particular nuclear energy and renewable energies such as wind and solar PV.
This study assesses the costs of alternative low-carbon electricity systems capable of achieving strict carbon emission reductions consistent with the aims of the Paris Agreement. It analyses several deep decarbonisation scenarios to reach the same stringent carbon emission target but characterised by different shares of variable renewable technologies, hydroelectric power and nuclear energy.
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The Full Costs of Electricity Provision - Policy Brief
English, published: 05/24/19
NEA#7441
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/policy/fullcosts-pb.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Full Costs of Electricity Provision
- English: The Full Costs of Electricity Provision - Extended Summary
Electricity provision touches upon every facet of life in OECD and non-OECD countries alike, and choosing how this electricity is generated - whether from fossil fuels, nuclear energy or renewables - affects not only economic outcomes but individual and social well-being in the broader sense. Research on the overall costs of electricity is an ongoing effort, as only certain costs of electricity provision are perceived directly by producers and consumers. Other costs, such as the health impacts of air pollution, damage from climate change or the effects on the electricity system of small-scale variable production are not reflected in market prices and thus diminish well-being in unaccounted for ways.

Accounting for these social costs in order to establish the full costs of electricity provision is difficult, yet such costs are too important to be disregarded in the context of the energy transitions currently under way in OECD and NEA countries. This report draws on evidence from a large number of studies concerning the social costs of electricity and identifies proven instruments for internalising them so as to improve overall welfare.

The results outlined in the report should lead to new and more comprehensive research on the full costs of electricity, which in turn would allow policy makers and the public to make better informed decisions along the path towards fully sustainable electricity systems.
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The Nuclear Innovation 2050 Initiative
An NEA initiative to accelerate R&D and market deployment of innovative nuclear fission technologies to contribute to a sustainable energy future
English, published: 06/07/19
NEA#7472
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/ni2050/ni2050-brochure.pdf
The central concept of NI2050, beyond technology development aspects, consists of building together, among truly interested parties, pipelines for testing, validation and qualification of technologies before these technologies become industrial products, ensuring that all stakeholders, in particular regulators, are involved from an early stage of the process. These pipelines have to be set up and themselves validated using a sample of the technology, selected together by all stakeholders. Once a pipeline is operational for a technology, industry may then use it for qualifying industry products, in a much more effective way than having to redo the full qualification process from scratch for each new product and for each separate country or market.
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The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes
An Economic Diagnosis and Possible Solutions
English, published: 11/18/19
NEA#7476
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2019/medical-radioisotope-supply.pdf
This report explores the main reasons behind the unreliable supply of Technetium‑99m (Tc‑99m) in health‑care systems and policy options to address the issue. Tc‑99m is used in 85% of nuclear medicine diagnostic scans performed worldwide – around 30 million patient examinations every year. These scans allow diagnoses of diseases in many parts of the human body, including the skeleton, heart and circulatory system, and the brain. Medical isotopes are subject to radioactive decay and have to be delivered just‑in‑time through a complex supply chain. However, ageing production facilities and a lack of investment have made the supply of Tc‑99m unreliable. This report analyses the use and substitutability of Tc‑99m in health care, health‑care provider payment mechanisms for scans, and the structure of the supply chain. It concludes that the main reasons for unreliable supply are that production is not economically viable and that the structure of the supply chain prevents producers from charging prices that reflect the full costs of production and supply.
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Thermal Scattering Law S(α,β): Measurement, Evaluation and Application
International Evaluation Co-operation Volume 42
English, published: 02/26/20
NEA#7511
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/documents/volume42.pdf
Understanding the nature of neutron scattering in various media at operating temperatures, whether they be reactor fuels, cryogenically cooled neutron sources or any materials at room temperature, is an essential component in the modelling of all nuclear systems. Neutrons that reach these energies, which are millionths of the initial fission and spallation neutron energies, cause virtually all of the fission that occurs in present reactors, including in Generation III+ designs, as well as in several designs that are being proposed for future reactors. As part of a broad range of co-operative activities in basic nuclear science, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is supporting collaboration between experimentalists, theoreticians and modelling experts to advance the state of the art in nuclear data.
This report reviews progress made by the NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC) Subgroup on Thermal Scattering Kernel Measurement, Evaluation and Application, which brought together a full spectrum of relevant experts to advance the state of the art in thermal scattering law data. The collaboration resulted in 33 new material evaluations, including uranium nitride (UN), silicon carbide (SiC), silicon oxide (SiO2) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3), as well as the re-evaluation of critical materials such as water (H2O) and heavy water (D2O), and enhanced evaluations of “nuclear” graphite at multiple levels of porosity and of phase Ih ice. Nuclear data libraries have adopted these data for their most recent releases – including the new Evaluated Nuclear Data File (American) and Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (NEA Data Bank) – which are being used around the world as international standards.

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2017 NEA Annual Report
English, 72 pages, published: 05/18/18
NEA#7404
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2017/ar2017.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2017 AEN Rapport annuel 
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2018 NEA International Mentoring Workshops
English, 16 pages, published: 10/23/18
NEA#7454
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2018/7454-mentoring-workshops-2018.pdf
The NEA mentoring workshops are in line with the initiatives being undertaken by countries around the world to ensure that expertise is maintained in highly technical areas such as nuclear safety, radiological protection and other critical disciplines. Capacity-building efforts focusing on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields need to be sustained and reinforced – particularly those aimed at young women, who are significantly under-represented in many areas. It is in this spirit that the NEA partnered with Japan’s National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) in 2017 to organise its first International Mentoring Workshop in Science and Engineering, on 25-26 July 2017 in Chiba, Japan. The success of this first workshop has led to the organisation of two additional workshops in 2018, both of which are introduced in this brochure – one in Tokyo, Japan, and the other in Ávila, Spain. These workshops are a clear manifestation of the NEA’s commitment to maintaining, and further strengthening, its momentum in encouraging a future generation of female leaders in science and engineering fields.
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Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum: Sweden
English, published: 09/13/18
NEA#7420
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2018/7420-cssc-sweden.pdf

Other language(s):
- Swedish: Swedish version of Country-Specific Safety Culture Forum: Sweden 
One of the many important lessons learnt about nuclear safety over the years has been that
human aspects of nuclear safety are as important as any technical issue that may arise in
the course of nuclear operations. The international nuclear community can work together to
identify and address issues associated with components and systems and compare operational
experiences, but identifying how human behaviour affects safety and the best approaches to
examine this behaviour from country to country remains less common.
Practical experience has nevertheless shown that there are important differences in how people
work together and communicate across borders. People’s behaviours, attitudes and values
do not stop at the gate of a nuclear installation, and awareness of the systemic nature of
culture and its deeper aspects, such as the dynamics of how values and assumptions influence
behaviours, continues to evolve.
The NEA safety culture forum was created to gain a better understanding of how the national
context affects safety culture in a given country and how operators and regulators perceive
these effects in their day-to-day activities. The ultimate goal is to ensure safe nuclear operations.
The first NEA safety culture forum – a collaborative effort between the Nuclear Energy Agency
(NEA), the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) and the Swedish Radiation Safety
Authority (SSM) – was held in Sweden in early 2018. This report outlines the process used to
conduct the forum, reveals findings from the discussions and invites the nuclear community to
further reflect and take action.
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Executive Summary of Towards an All-Hazards Approach to Emergency Preparedness and Response
English, published: 02/26/18
NEA#7436
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7436-all-hazards-epr-es.pdf
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Experience from the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5)
Notification, Communication and Interfaces Related to Catastrophic Events Involving Ionising Radiation and/or Radioactive Materials
English, published: 09/07/18
NEA#7379
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7379-inex-5.pdf
The NEA has a long tradition of expertise in the area of nuclear emergency policy, planning, preparedness and management. Through its activities in this field, it offers member countries unbiased assistance on nuclear preparedness matters, with a view to facilitating improvements in nuclear emergency preparedness strategies and response at the international level. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series.
The Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) was developed specifically in response to member countries' desire to test and demonstrate the value of changes put in place following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Exercise objectives focused on notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving ionising radiation and/or radioactive material. The exercise was held during 2015 and 2016, with 22 countries participating in the exercise.
This report summarises the major evaluation outcomes of the national and regional exercises, policy level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities emerging from INEX-5 and the discussions at the INEX-5 International Workshop. A set of key needs were identified in areas such as real-time communication and information sharing among countries and international partners, improving cross-border and international co-ordination of protective measures and considering the mental health impacts on populations when implementing protective measures.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments – DVD
English, published: 12/21/18
NEA#7360
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/handbook.html
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality and safety analysts as well as nuclear data evaluators to validate calculational techniques and data. The handbook is produced by the ICSBEP working group, under the aegis of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). While co-ordination and administration of the ICSBEP is undertaken by the NEA, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction, and priorities of the project within their respective countries. Access to some of the information and data included in this handbook may be restricted; full conditions for access are available on the NEA website.
The 2018 edition contains data evaluated criticality safety benchmark data in nine volumes that span over 70 000 pages. The handbook contains 567 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 916 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 215 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments – DVD
English, published: 12/21/18
NEA#7361
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wprs/irphe/handbook.html
The International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Experiments contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at various nuclear facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by reactor designers, safety analysts and nuclear data evaluators to validate calculational techniques and data. The handbook is a product of the International Reactor Physics Evaluation (IRPhE) project, conducted by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). While co-ordination and administration of the IRPhE project is undertaken by the NEA, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction, and priorities of the project within their respective countries. Access to some of the information and data included in this handbook may be restricted; full conditions for access are available on the NEA website.
The 2018 edition contains data from 159 different experimental series that were performed at 54 different nuclear facilities. Some 156 of the 159 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining five evaluations are published as draft documents only. All draft documents were reviewed by the International Reactor Physics Evaluation (IRPhE) Technical Review Group (TRG). Example calculations are presented; however, these calculations do not constitute validation or endorsement of the codes or cross section data. The IRPhE project is patterned after the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and is closely co-ordinated with the ICSBEP. Some benchmark data are applicable to both nuclear criticality safety and reactor physics technology. Some have already been evaluated and published by the ICSBEP, but have been extended to include other types of measurements besides the critical configuration.
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International School of Nuclear Law
ISNL Commemorative Brochure
English, published: 06/28/18
NEA#7435
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/isnl/docs/isnl_brochure2018.pdf
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Measuring Employment Generated by the Nuclear Power Sector
English, published: 10/25/18
NEA#7204
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2018/7204-employment-nps.pdf
The nuclear energy sector employs a considerable workforce around the world, and with nuclear power projected to grow in countries with increasing electricity demand, corresponding jobs in the nuclear power sector will also grow. Using the most available macroeconomic model to determine total employment – the "input/output" model – the Nuclear Energy Agency and International Atomic Energy Agency collaborated to measure direct, indirect and induced employment from the nuclear power sector in a national economy. The results indicate that direct employment during site preparation and construction of a single unit 1 000 megawatt-electric advanced light water reactor at any point in time for 10 years is approximately 1 200 professional and construction staff, or about 12 000 labour years. For 50 years of operation, approximately 600 administrative, operation and maintenance, and permanently contracted staff are employed annually, or about 30 000 labour years. For up to 10 years of decommissioning, about 500 people are employed annually, or around 5 000 labour years. Finally, over an approximate period of 40 years, close to 80 employees are managing nuclear waste, totalling around 3 000 labour years. A total of about 50 000 direct labour-years per gigawatt. Direct expenditures on these employees and equipment generate approximately the same number of indirect employment, or about 50 000 labour years; and direct and indirect expenditures generate about the same number of induced employment, or 100 000 labour years. Total employment in the nuclear power sector of a given national economy is therefore roughly 200 000 labour years over the life cycle of a gigawatt of nuclear generating capacity.
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Metadata for Radioactive Waste Management
English, published: 12/10/18
NEA#7378
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2018/7378-metadata-rwm.pdf
National programmes for radioactive waste management require very large amounts of data and information across multiple and disparate disciplines. These programmes tend to run over a period of many decades resulting in a serious risk of data and information loss, which in turn can threaten the production and maintenance of robust safety cases.

Metadata and associated tools and techniques play a crucial role in modern data and information management. The Radioactive Waste Repository Metadata Management (RepMet) initiative has prepared the first international study on the application of metadata to the field of radioactive waste management. This report introduces the concept of metadata, explains how metadata can help to facilitate data management, and gives advice on the issues arising when developing metadata within radioactive waste management programmes. It is aimed at readers looking to obtain a highlevel overview of metadata, and associated tools and techniques, and the strategic importance they can play in Radioactive Waste Management Organisations (RWMOs).
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Microbial Influence on the Performance of Subsurface, Salt-Based Radioactive Waste Repositories
English, published: 05/22/18
NEA#7387
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2018/7387-salt-club.pdf
For the past several decades, the Nuclear Energy Agency Salt Club has been supporting
and overseeing the characterisation of rock salt as a potential host rock for deep
geological repositories. This extensive evaluation of deep geological settings is aimed
at determining ? through a multidisciplinary approach ? whether specific sites are
suitable for radioactive waste disposal. Studying the microbiology of granite, basalt,
tuff, and clay formations in both Europe and the United States has been an important
part of this investigation, and much has been learnt about the potential influence
of microorganisms on repository performance, as well as about deep subsurface
microbiology in general. Some uncertainty remains, however, around the effects of
microorganisms on salt-based repository performance. Using available information
on the microbial ecology of hypersaline environments, the bioenergetics of survival
under high ionic strength conditions and studies related to repository microbiology,
this report summarises the potential role of microorganisms in salt-based radioactive
waste repositories.
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NEA News Vol. 36.1
English, published: 07/27/18
NEA#7430
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2018/36-1/nea-news-36-1.pdf
NEA News is the professional journal of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). It features articles on the latest nuclear energy issues concerning the economic and technical aspects of nuclear energy, nuclear safety and regulation, radioactive waste management and decommissioning, radiological protection, nuclear science and nuclear legislation. Each issue provides facts and opinions on nuclear energy, updates on NEA activities, a brief presentation of new NEA publications and other NEA news, along with links to NEA videos.

Topics covered in this issue of NEA News include: Fukushima reconstruction: Society, economy and community; The Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) Facility: A new era in fuel safety research; The Full Costs of Electricity Provision: A new NEA report; Insights into the global uranium market; and Progress towards an all hazards approach to emergency preparedness and response. This edition of NEA News also includes the NEA Director General William D. Magwood, IV's opening remarks at the NEA 60th Anniversary High Level Session in April 2018.

A special thank you to the contributors to this edition of NEA News: David Broussard, David Chichester, Aleshia Duncan, Kentaro Funaki, Luminita Grancea, Olvido Guzman, Colby Jensen, Jan Horst Keppler, Edward Lazo, Vladimir Lebedev, Ichiro Otsuka, Daniel Wachs, Nicolas Woolstenhulme.
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NEA brochure
English, 8 pages, published: 09/10/18
NEA#7139
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/nea-brochure.pdf
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Nuclear Energy Data 2018
Bilingual, published: 12/14/18
NEA#7416
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2018/7416-ned-2018.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting nuclear power status in NEA member countries and in the OECD area. Information provided by governments includes statistics on total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, fuel cycle capacities and requirements, and projections to 2035, where available. Country reports summarise energy policies, updates of the status in nuclear energy programmes and fuel cycle developments. In 2017, nuclear power continued to supply significant amounts of low-carbon baseload electricity, in a context of strong competition from low-cost fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. Governments committed to having nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans for developing or increasing nuclear generating capacity, with the preparation of new build projects making progress in Finland, Hungary, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Further details on these and other developments are provided in the publication's numerous tables, graphs and country reports.

This publication contains "StatLinks". For each StatLink, the reader will find a URL which leads them to the corresponding spreadsheet.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux preparée par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'energie nucleaire, presentent la situation de l'energie nucleaire dans les pays membres de l'AEN et dans la zone de l'OCDE. Les informations communiquees par les gouvernements comprennent des statistiques sur la production d'electricite totale et nucleaire, les capacites et les besoins du cycle du combustible et, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en 2035. Les rapports nationaux presentent brievement les politiques energetiques, la situation des programmes electronucleaires et ceux du cycle du combustible. En 2017, l'energie nucleaire a continue de fournir des quantites importantes d'electricite en base faiblement carbonee, et ce dans un contexte de forte concurrence avec les combustibles fossiles bon marche et les energies renouvelables. Les pays decides a inclure ou conserver le nucleaire dans leur bouquet energetique ont poursuivi leurs projets de deploiement ou d'augmentation de leur puissance nucleaire installee. Ainsi, des projets de construction progressent en Finlande, en Hongrie, au Royaume-Uni et en Turquie. De plus amples informations sur ces evolutions et d'autres developpements sont fournies dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux que contient cet ouvrage.

Cette publication contient des < StatLinks >. Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit l'acces a la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 100 – Volume 1/2018
English, published: 07/03/18
NEA#7367
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb100.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n°100 – Volume 1/2018 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in
the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear
law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical
articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on
relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international
organisations.

Feature articles and studies in this issue include: "Legal challenges to the operation of nuclear reactors
in Japan"; "Inside nuclear baseball: Reflections on the development of the safety conventions"; and "The
Peaceful Nuclear Energy Programme in the United Arab Emirates: Background and history".
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Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experience
from the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System for Operating Experience 2012–2014
English, published: 09/19/18
NEA#7448
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2018/7448-iaea-nea-irs-2012-2014.pdf
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Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table
R&D Priorities for Loss-of-Cooling and Loss-of-Coolant Accidents in Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools
English, published: 08/03/18
NEA#7443
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2018/7443-pheno_id_rank_table.pdf
The present report is a follow up to this status report, documenting the results of a Phenomena Identification and Ranking Table (PIRT) exercise conducted by the NEA. This PIRT exercise identified SFP accident phenomena that are of high importance and yet are highly uncertain, thus highlighting their primary interest for further studies. The report recommends further support for existing experimental programmes and the establishment of a number of new programmes to focus, for example, on large-scale thermal-hydraulic experiments on the coolability of partly or completely uncovered spent-fuel assemblies and the investigation of spray cooling for uncovered spent-fuel assemblies in typical storage racks.
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Preparing for Decommissioning during Operation and after Final Shutdown
English, published: 05/25/18
NEA#7374
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2018/7374-decom-prep.pdf
The transition from an operating nuclear facility to the decommissioning phase is critical in the life cycle of every facility. A number of organisational and technical modifications are needed in order for the facility to meet new objectives and requirements, and a certain number of activities must be initiated to support the transition and preparation for the dismantling of the facility. Thorough preparation and planning is key for the success of global decommissioning and dismantling projects, both to minimise delays and undue costs and to ensure a safe and efficient decommissioning process.
The aim of this report is to inform regulatory bodies, policy makers and planners about the relevant aspects and activities that should begin during the last years of operation and following the end of operation. Compiling lessons learnt from experiences and good practices in NEA member countries, the report supports the further optimisation of transition strategies, activities and measures that will ensure adequate preparation for decommissioning and dismantling.
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Proceedings of the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) Workshop
English, published: 10/02/18
NEA#7442
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7442-inex-5-proceedings.pdf
The Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) was developed in response to NEA member countries' desire to test and demonstrate the value of changes put in place following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. INEX-5 was held during 2015 and 2016, and was followed by the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) Workshop in early 2017. Representatives from 22 member countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission attended the workshop, where participants identified elements emerging from INEX-5 that would help improve international and national arrangements for notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving radiation or radiological materials.
The workshop was an interactive experience structured around invited presentations, moderated discussions and breakout groups that addressed the four broad topics of communication and information sharing with other countries and international partners; cross-border and international co-ordination of protective actions; mid- and long-term aspects of recovery; and connections with the work of other international organisations and networks. These proceedings provide a summary of the proposals and recommendations for future work in emergency management.
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State-of-the-Art Report on Light Water Reactor Accident-Tolerant Fuels
English, published: 09/28/18
NEA#7317
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2018/7317-accident-tolerant-fuels-2018.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Executive Summary of State-of-the-Art Report on Light Water Reactor Accident-Tolerant Fuels 
As part of a broader spectrum of collaborative activities underpinning nuclear materials research, the Nuclear Energy Agency is supporting worldwide efforts towards the development of advanced materials, including fuels for partitioning and transmutation purposes and accident-tolerant fuels (ATFs). This state-of-the-art report on ATFs results from the collective work of experts from 35 institutions in 14 NEA member countries, alongside invited technical experts from the People's Republic of China. It represents a shared and consensual position, based on expert judgment, concerning the scientific and technological knowledge related to ATFs. The report reviews available information on the most promising fuels and cladding concepts in terms of properties, experimental data and modelling results, as well as ongoing research and development activities. It also includes a description of illustrative accident scenarios that may be adopted to assess the potential performance enhancement of ATFs relative to the current standard fuel systems in accident conditions, a definition of the technology readiness levels applicable to ATFs, a survey of available modelling and simulation tools (fuel performance and severe accident analysis codes), and the experimental facilities available to support the development of ATF concepts. The information included in this report will be useful for national programmes and industrial stakeholders as an input to setting priorities, and helping them to choose the most appropriate technology based on their specific strategy, business case and deployment schedules.
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State-of-the-art Report on the Progress of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Chemistry
English, 291 pages, published: 03/19/18
NEA#7267
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2018/7267-soar.pdf
The implementation of advanced nuclear systems requires that new technologies associated with the back end of the fuel cycle are developed. The separation of minor actinides from other fuel components is one of the advanced concepts being studied to help close the nuclear fuel cycle and to improve the long-term effects on the performance of geological repositories. Separating spent fuel elements and subsequently converting them through transmutation into short-lived nuclides should considerably reduce the long-term risks associated with nuclear power generation.

R&D programmes worldwide are attempting to address such challenges, and many processes for advanced reprocessing and partitioning minor actinides are being developed. This report provides a comprehensive overview of progress on separation chemistry processes, and in particular on the technologies associated with the separation and recovery of minor actinides for recycling so as to help move towards the implementation of advanced fuel cycles. The report examines both aqueous and pyro processes, as well as the status of current and proposed technologies described according to the hierarchy of separations targeting different fuel components. The process criteria that will affect technology down-selection are also reviewed, as are non-proliferation requirements. The maturity of different reprocessing techniques are assessed using a scale based on the technology readiness level, and perspectives for future
R&D are reviewed.
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Storage of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel
English, published: 09/08/20
NEA#7406
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2020/7406-storage-rwm.pdf
Safety remains the most important factor in managing radioactive waste and spent fuel resulting from the generation of nuclear energy. General consensus has emerged worldwide that deep geological repositories are the safest option for long-lived radioactive waste, and that constructing repositories is feasible using current technologies. However, until repositories become available, radioactive waste must be managed safely and securely so that the risks posed to human health and to the environment over the long timescales involved are minimised.

This report examines the predisposal phase of radioactive waste management programmes in NEA member countries for all types of waste from high-level to intermediate- and low-level waste, and spent fuel. It reviews regulations, policies, strategies and financial issues in member countries, as well as best practices both in terms of storage and transport. The report is primarily directed at decision makers with a technical knowledge of the subject.
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The Full Costs of Electricity Provision
English, 212 pages, published: 04/13/18
NEA#7298
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2018/7298-full-costs-2018.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Full Costs of Electricity Provision - Extended Summary
- English: The Full Costs of Electricity Provision - Policy Brief
Electricity provision touches upon every facet of life in OECD and non-OECD countries alike, and choosing how this electricity is generated - whether from fossil fuels, nuclear energy or renewables - affects not only economic outcomes but individual and social well-being in the broader sense. Research on the overall costs of electricity is an ongoing effort, as only certain costs of electricity provision are perceived directly by producers and consumers. Other costs, such as the health impacts of air pollution, damage from climate change or the effects on the electricity system of small-scale variable production are not reflected in market prices and thus diminish well-being in unaccounted for ways.

Accounting for these social costs in order to establish the full costs of electricity provision is difficult, yet such costs are too important to be disregarded in the context of the energy transitions currently under way in OECD and NEA countries. This report draws on evidence from a large number of studies concerning the social costs of electricity and identifies proven instruments for internalising them so as to improve overall welfare.

The results outlined in the report should lead to new and more comprehensive research on the full costs of electricity, which in turn would allow policy makers and the public to make better informed decisions along the path towards fully sustainable electricity systems.
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The Full Costs of Electricity Provision - Extended Summary
English, published: 10/29/18
NEA#7437
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2018/7437-full-costs-sum-2018.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Full Costs of Electricity Provision
- English: The Full Costs of Electricity Provision - Policy Brief
Electricity provision touches upon every facet of life in OECD and non-OECD countries alike, and choosing how this electricity is generated ? whether from fossil fuels, nuclear energy or renewables ? affects not only economic outcomes but individual and social well-being in the broader sense. Research on the overall costs of electricity is an ongoing effort, as only certain costs of electricity provision are perceived directly by producers and consumers. Other costs, such as the health impacts of air pollution, damage from climate change or the effects on the electricity system of small-scale variable production are not reflected in market prices and thus diminish well-being in unaccounted for ways.

Accounting for these social costs in order to establish the full costs of electricity provision is difficult, yet such costs are too important to be disregarded in the context of the energy transitions currently under way in OECD and NEA countries. This report draws on evidence from a large number of studies concerning the social costs of electricity and identifies proven instruments for internalising them so as to improve overall welfare.

The results outlined in the report should lead to new and more comprehensive research on the full costs of electricity, which in turn would allow policy makers and the public to make better informed decisions along the path towards fully sustainable electricity systems.
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Towards an All-Hazards Approach to Emergency Preparedness and Response
Lessons Learnt from Non-Nuclear Events
English, published: 01/12/18
NEA#7308
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7308-all-hazards-epr.pdf
The field of emergency management is broad, complex and dynamic. In the post-Fukushima context, emergency
preparedness and response (EPR) in the nuclear sector is more than ever being seen as part of a broader
framework. The OECD has recommended that its members ?establish and promote a comprehensive, all-hazards
and transboundary approach to country risk governance to serve as the foundation for enhancing
national resilience and responsiveness?. In order to achieve such an all-hazards approach to emergency
management, a major step in the process will be to consider experiences from the emergency management of
hazards emanating from a variety of sectors.

The NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters (WPNEM) joined forces with the OECD Working Group
on Chemical Accidents (WGCA), the OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate?s High-
Level Risk Forum (HLRF) and the European Commission?s Joint Research Centre (JRC) to collaborate on this
report, which demonstrates similarities between emergency planning and preparedness across sectors, and
identifies lessons learnt and good practices in diverse areas for the benefit of the international community.
A set of expert contributions, enriched with a broad range of national experiences, are presented in the
report to take into account expertise gathered from the emergency management of hazards other than those
emanating from the nuclear sector in an effort to support and foster an all-hazards approach to EPR.
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Uranium 2018: Resources, Production and Demand
English, published: 12/13/18
NEA#7413
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2018/7413-uranium-2018.pdf
Uranium is the raw material used to produce fuel for long-lived nuclear power facilities, necessary for the generation of significant amounts of baseload low-carbon electricity for decades to come. Although a valuable commodity, declining market prices for uranium in recent years, driven by uncertainties concerning the evolution in the use of nuclear power, have led to significant production cutbacks and the postponement of mine development plans in a number of countries and to some questions being raised about future uranium supply.

This 27th edition of the "Red Book", a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), provides analyses and information from 41 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions. The present edition provides the most recent review of world uranium market fundamentals and presents data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It offers updated information on established uranium production centres and mine development plans, as well as projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through 2035, in order to address long-term uranium supply and demand issues.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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2016 NEA Annual Report
English, 68 pages, published: 04/19/17
NEA#7349
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2016/ar2016.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2016 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Addressing Uncertainties in Cost Estimates for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities
English, 66 pages, published: 09/28/17
NEA#7344
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7344-uncertainties-decom-cost.pdf
The cost estimation process of decommissioning nuclear facilities has continued to evolve in recent years, with a general trend towards demonstrating greater levels of detail in the estimate and more explicit consideration of uncertainties, the latter of which may have an impact on decommissioning project costs. The 2012 report on the International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) of Nuclear Installations, a joint recommendation by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Commission, proposes a standardised structure of cost items for decommissioning projects that can be used either directly for the production of cost estimates or for mapping of cost items for benchmarking purposes. The ISDC, however, provides only limited guidance on the treatment of uncertainty when preparing cost estimates. Addressing Uncertainties in Cost Estimates for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities, prepared jointly by the NEA and IAEA, is intended to complement the ISDC, assisting cost estimators and reviewers in systematically addressing uncertainties in decommissioning cost estimates. Based on experiences gained in participating countries and projects, the report describes how uncertainty and risks can be analysed and incorporated in decommissioning cost estimates, while presenting the outcomes in a transparent manner.
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Communication on the Safety Case for a Deep Geological Repository
English, 87 pages, published: 02/20/17
NEA#7336
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7336-comms-safety-case.pdf
Communication has a specific role to play in the development of deep geological repositories. Building trust with the stakeholders involved in this process, particularly within the local community, is key for effective communication between the authorities and the public. There are also clear benefits to having technical experts hone their communication skills and having communication experts integrated into the development process. This report has compiled lessons from both failures and successes in communicating technical information to non-technical audiences. It addresses two key questions in particular: what is the experience base concerning the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of different tools for communicating safety case results to a non-technical audience and how can communication based on this experience be improved and included into a safety case development effort from the beginning?
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Impacts of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident on Nuclear Development Policies
English, 68 pages, published: 04/06/17
NEA#7212
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2017/7212-impacts-fukushima-policies.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 福岛第一核电站事故对核能开发政策的影响 
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident has had an impact on the development of nuclear power around the world. While the accident was followed by thorough technical assessments of the safety of all operating nuclear power plants, and a general increase in safety requirements has been observed worldwide, national policy responses have been more varied. These responses have ranged from countries phasing out or accelerating decisions to phase out nuclear energy to countries reducing their reliance on nuclear power or on the contrary continuing to pursue or expand their nuclear power programmes.

This study examines changes to policies, and plans and attempts to distinguish the impact of the Fukushima Daiichi accident from other factors that have affected policymaking in relation to nuclear energy, in particular electricity market economics, financing challenges and competition from other sources (gas, coal and renewables). It also examines changes over time to long-term, quantitative country projections, which reveal interesting trends on the possible role of nuclear energy in future energy systems.
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International Conference on Geological Repositories
Conference Synthesis, 7-9 December 2016, Paris, France
English, 40 pages, published: 04/04/17
NEA#7345
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7345-icgr2016-synthesis.pdf
Worldwide consensus exists within the international community that geological repositories can provide the necessary long-term safety and security to isolate long-lived radioactive waste from the human environment over long timescales. Such repositories are also feasible to construct using current technologies. However, proving the technical merits and safety of repositories, while satisfying societal and political requirements, has been a challenge in many countries.

Building upon the success of previous conferences held in Denver (1999), Stockholm (2003), Berne (2007) and Toronto (2012), the ICGR 2016 brought together high-level decision makers from regulatory and local government bodies, waste management organisations and public stakeholder communities to review current perspectives of geological repository development. This publication provides a synthesis of the 2016 conference on continued engagement and safe implementation of repositories, which was designed to promote information and experience sharing, particularly in the development of polices and regulatory frameworks. Repository safety, and the planning and implementation of repository programmes with societal involvement, as well as ongoing work within different international organisations, were also addressed at the conference.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhe Project)
English, published: 04/28/17
NEA#7329
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wprs/irphe/handbook.html
The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation (IRPhE) Project was initiated as a pilot in 1999 by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Nuclear Science Committee (NSC). The project was endorsed as an official activity of the NSC in June 2003. While the NEA co-ordinates and administers the IRPhE Project at the international level, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction and priorities of the project within their respective countries. The information and data included in this handbook are available to NEA member countries, contributors and to others on a case-by-case basis.

This handbook contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at nuclear facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by reactor designers, safety analysts and nuclear data evaluators to validate calculation techniques and data. Example calculations are presented; these do not constitute a validation or endorsement of the codes or cross-section data.

The 2016 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from 151 experimental series that were performed at 50 reactor facilities. To be published as approved benchmarks, the experiments must be evaluated against agreed technical criteria and reviewed by the IRPhE Technical Review Group. A total of 146 of the 151 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining five evaluations are published as draft documents only.

New to the handbook is the evaluation of the CERES Phase II validation of fission product poisoning through reactivity worth measurements, which includes 13 fission products. The front cover of this year?s handbook shows the MINERVE reactor used to obtain the results.
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Mentoring a Future Generation of Female Leaders in Science and Engineering
English, 13 pages, published: 10/16/17
NEA#7403
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2017/mentoring-report-japan-2017.pdf
Despite progress over the past decades, women remain under-represented in executive positions in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Female students tend to do very well in math and science early in their academic careers but often take other career paths. Many countries are working to close the gender gap and are developing policies to reverse this trend. However, considering the increasing demand worldwide for skilled workers in all areas of science and technology, including in the nuclear energy sector, more advocacy is needed to encourage the next generation and to capture their interest in these fields. It is in this spirit that the NEA partnered with Japan’s National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) to organise a mentoring workshop on July 25-26, 2017 in Chiba, Japan.
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NEA News Vol. 35.1
English, 31 pages, published: 08/04/17
NEA#7347
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2017/35-1/nea-news-35-1.pdf
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NEA News Vol. 35.2
English, 32 pages, published: 02/13/18
NEA#7348
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2018/35-2/nea-news-35-2.pdf
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NEA Workshop on Stakeholder Involvement in Nuclear Decision Making
Summary Report
English, 83 pages, published: 10/16/17
NEA#7302
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/hans/pubs/2017/7302-stakeholder-workshop.pdf
Because nuclear issues are embedded in broader societal issues such as the environment, energy, risk
management, health policy and sustainability, they can often generate considerable interest and concern.
Actors involved in the nuclear energy sector, including regulators, governments and licensees, share
the goal of reaching accepted, sustainable decisions and to ensure that the decision-making process
is transparent. Stakeholder involvement in decision making is today seen as an essential means for
improving decisions and for optimising their implementation.

In this context, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised a Workshop on Stakeholder Involvement in
Nuclear Decision Making in January 2017, acknowledging that different countries and sectors may face
similar challenges and that sharing experiences and approaches could be useful. The workshop was an
opportunity to bring together experts with first-hand knowledge and experience in areas related to
nuclear law, regulatory practices, radiological protection, nuclear waste management, the deployment of
new nuclear facilities, extended operation of nuclear facilities, deployment of other energy technologies
and infrastructures, and social and traditional media.

This summary report attempts to capture the collective wisdom generated over three days of interaction.
It highlights some commonalities and differences in views and approaches, and identifies particular
lessons that can be applied to improve the strategy and practice of involving stakeholders in decision
making. Overall, the learning gained from this workshop can benefit governments and citizens alike.
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National Inventories and Management Strategies for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste
Extended Methodology for the Common Presentation of Data
English, 70 pages, published: 08/28/17
NEA#7371
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7371-spent-fuel-strategies.pdf
Radioactive waste inventory data are an important element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or to the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s).

The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the Nuclear Energy Agency developed a methodology that ensures consistency of national radioactive waste and spent fuel inventory data when presenting them in a common scheme in direct connection with accepted management strategy and disposal routes. This report is a follow up to the 2016 report that introduced the methodology and presenting scheme for spent fuel, and it now extends this methodology and presenting scheme to all types of radioactive waste and corresponding management strategies.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2017
Bilingual, published: 11/20/17
NEA#7365
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2017/7365-ned-2017.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting nuclear power status in NEA member countries and in the OECD area. Information provided by governments includes statistics on total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, fuel cycle capacities and requirements, and projections to 2035, where available. Country reports summarise energy policies, updates of the status in nuclear energy programmes and fuel cycle developments. In 2016, nuclear power continued to supply significant amounts of low-carbon baseload electricity, despite strong competition from low-cost fossil fuels and subsidised renewable energy sources. Three new units were connected to the grid in 2016, in Korea, Russia and the United States. In Japan, an additional three reactors returned to operation in 2016, bringing the total to five under the new regulatory regime. Three reactors were officially shut down in 2016 -- one in Japan, one in Russia and one in the United States. Governments committed to having nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans for developing or increasing nuclear generating capacity, with the preparation of new build projects making progress in Finland, Hungary, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Further details on these and other developments are provided in the publication's numerous tables, graphs and country reports.

This publication contains "StatLinks". For each StatLink, the reader will find a URL which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.

Les Donnees sur l'energie nucleaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux del'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'energie nucleaire, presentent la situation de l'energie nucleaire dans les paysmembres de l'AEN et dans la zone de l'OCDE. Les informations communiquees par les gouvernements comprennent des statistiques sur la production d'electricite totale et nucleaire, les capacites et les besoins du cycle du combustible et, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en 2035. Les rapports nationaux presentent brievement les politiques energetiques et les evolutions du cycle du combustible. En 2016, l'electronucleaire a continue de generer des quantites importantes d'electricite en base faiblement carbonee, et ce en depit de la forte concurrence des combustibles fossiles bon marche et des energies renouvelable subventionnees. Cette meme annee, trois nouveaux reacteurs ont ete raccordes au reseau en Coree, aux Etats-Unis et en Russie. Au Japon, trois reacteurs ont ete redemarres, ce qui porte a cinq le nombre de tranches en exploitation repondant a la nouvelle reglementation en vigueur. Trois reacteurs ont ete officiellement mis hors service en 2016 -- un aux Etats-Unis, un au Japon et un en Russie. Les pays decides a inclure le nucleaire dans leur bouquet energetique ont poursuivi leurs projets de developpement ou d'augmentation de la puissance nucleaire installee. Ainsi, les projets de construction en Finlande, en Hongrie, au Royaume-Uni et en Turquie ont progresse. Le lecteur trouvera de plus amples informations sur ces evolutions et d'autres developpements dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux que contient cet ouvrage.

Cette publication contient des "StatLinks". Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit l'acces a la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 98 - Volume 2/2016
English, 103 pages, published: 02/24/17
NEA#7313
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb98.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Bulletin de droit nucléaire No. 98 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in
the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear
law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical
articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on
relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international
organisations.
Feature articles in this issue include: "Strengthening the international legal framework for nuclear security:
Better sooner rather than later"; "Brexit, Euratom and nuclear proliferation"; and "McMunn et al. V Babcock
and Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc., et al.: The long road to dismissal".
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 99 - Volume 1/2017
English, published: 12/12/17
NEA#7366
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb99.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n°99 – Volume 1/2017 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include: "Reformed and reforming: Adapting the licensing process to meet new challenges"; "Reflections on the development of international nuclear law"; and "Facing the challenge of nuclear mass tort processing".
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Radiological Characterisation from a Materials and Waste End-State Perspective – Experience from Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities
English, 95 pages, published: 11/02/17
NEA#7373
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7373-rad-char-pers.pdf
Radiological characterisation is a key enabling activity for the planning and
implementation of nuclear facility decommissioning. Effective characterisation allows
the extent, location and nature of contamination to be determined and provides
crucial information for facility dismantling, the management of material and waste
arisings, the protection of workers, the public and the environment, and associated
cost estimations.
This report will be useful for characterisation practitioners who carry out tactical
planning, preparation, optimisation and implementation of characterisation to support
the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the management of associated materials
and waste. It compiles recent experience from NEA member countries in radiological
characterisation, including from international experts, international case studies,
an international conference, and international standards and guidance. Using this
comprehensive evidence base, the report identifies relevant good practice and provides
practical advice covering all stages of the characterisation process.
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Recycling and Reuse of Materials Arising from the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
A Report by the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
English, 69 pages, published: 08/16/17
NEA#7310
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7310-recycle-decom.pdf
Large quantities of materials arising from the decommissioning of nuclear facilities are non-radioactive per se. An additional significant share of materials is of very low-level or low-level radioactivity and can, after having undergone treatment and a clearance process, be recycled and reused in a restricted or unrestricted way. Recycle and reuse options today provide valuable solutions to minimise radioactive waste from decommissioning and at the same time maximise the recovery of valuable materials. The NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (CPD) prepared this overview on the various approaches being undertaken by international and national organisations for the management of slightly contaminated material resulting from activities in the nuclear sector. The report draws on CPD member organisations’ experiences and practices related to recycling and reuse, which were gathered through an international survey. It provides information on improvements and changes in technologies, methodologies and regulations since the 1996 report on this subject, with the conclusions and recommendations taking into account 20 years of additional experience that will be useful for current and future practitioners. Case studies are provided to illustrate significant points of interest, for example in relation to scrap metals, concrete and soil.
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SFCOMPO-2.0: International Database of Spent Nuclear Fuel Isotopic Assays
English, published: 10/02/17
NEA#7391
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/sfcompo/
SFCOMPO 2.0 is the NEA database of experimental assay measurements. Measurements are isotopic concentrations from destructive radiochemical analyses of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) samples, supplemented with design information for the fuel rod and fuel assembly from which each sample was taken, as well as with relevant information on operating conditions and design characteristics of the host reactors. SFCOMPO 2.0 contains data from 750 SNF samples coming from 44 reactors representing 8 different international reactor designs. SFCOMPO 2.0 was released online in June 2017.
SFCOMPO 2.0 has been developed by the NEA in close collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The data in SFCOMPO 2.0 has undergone an independent and iterative review process by the Expert Group on Assay Data of Spent Nuclear Fuel (EGADSNF), under the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety (WPNCS). The data have been reviewed for consistency with the experimental reports but have not been formally evaluated. Assay data evaluations are a multidisciplinary effort involving reactor specialists, modelling and simulation experts, and radiochemistry experts. Any errors in measurements, omissions or inconsistencies in the original reported data may be reproduced in the database. Therefore, it is important that any user of the data for code validation consider and assess the potential data deficiencies. The evaluation of assay data will provide a more complete assessment and may result in the development of benchmark specifications and measurement data in cases of high quality experiments.
SFCOMPO 2.0 contains only openly accessible, published experimental assay data. An online Java application of SFCOMPO 2.0 is available at www.oecd-nea.org/sfcompo.
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Sourcebook of International Activities Related to the Development of Safety Cases for Deep Geological Repositories
English, 64 pages, published: 08/21/17
NEA#7341
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7341-sourcebook-safety-cases.pdf
All national radioactive waste management authorities recognise today that a robust safety case is essential in developing disposal facilities for radioactive waste. To improve the robustness of the safety case for the development of a deep geological repository, a wide variety of activities have been carried out by national programmes and international organisations over the past years. The Nuclear Energy Agency, since first introducing the modern concept of the ?safety case?, has continued to monitor major developments in safety case activities at the international level. This Sourcebook summarises the activities being undertaken by the Nuclear Energy Agency, the European Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency concerning the safety case for the operational and post-closure phases of geological repositories for radioactive waste that ranges from low-level to high-level waste and for spent fuel. In doing so, it highlights important differences in focus among the three organisations.
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State-of-the-Art Report on Molten Corium Concrete Interaction and Ex-Vessel Molten Core Coolability
English, 365 pages, published: 10/16/17
NEA#7392
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2017/7392-soar-molten-corium.pdf
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Uranium 2016: Resources, Production and Demand (Executive Summary)
English, 10 pages, published: 04/12/17
NEA#7388
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2017/7388-uranium-2016-es.pdf

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2015 NEA Annual Report
English, 60 pages, published: 04/21/16
NEA#7293
Volume of the series: General information
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2015/ar2015.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2015 AEN Rapport Annuel 
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Costs of Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants
English, 256 pages, published: 03/02/16
NEA#7201
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2016/7201-costs-decom-npp.pdf
While refurbishments for the long-term operation of nuclear power plants and for the lifetime extension of such plants have been widely pursued in recent years, the number of plants to be decommissioned is nonetheless expected to increase in future, particularly in the United States and Europe. It is thus important to understand the costs of decommissioning so as to develop coherent and cost-effective strategies, realistic cost estimates based on decommissioning plans from the outset of operations and mechanisms to ensure that future decommissioning expenses can be adequately covered.
This study presents the results of an NEA review of the costs of decommissioning nuclear power plants and of overall funding practices adopted across NEA member countries. The study is based on the results of this NEA questionnaire, on actual decommissioning costs or estimates, and on plans for the establishment and management of decommissioning funds. Case studies are included to provide insight into decommissioning practices in a number of countries.
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Financing the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
English, 21 pages, published: 08/18/16
NEA#7326
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7326-fin-decom-nf.pdf
Decommissioning of both commercial and R&D nuclear facilities is expected to increase significantly in the coming years, and the largest of such industrial decommissioning projects could command considerable budgets. It is important to understand the costs of decommissioning projects in order to develop realistic cost estimates as early as possible based on preliminary decommissioning plans, but also to develop funding mechanisms to ensure that future decommissioning expenses can be adequately covered. Sound financial provisions need to be accumulated early on to reduce the potential risk for residual, unfunded liabilities and the burden on future generations, while ensuring environmental protection.

Decommissioning planning can be subject to considerable uncertainties, particularly in relation to potential changes in financial markets, in energy policies or in the conditions and requirements for decommissioning individual nuclear installations, and such uncertainties need to be reflected in regularly updated cost estimates.

This booklet offers a useful overview of the relevant aspects of financing the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. It provides information on cost estimation for decommissioning, as well as details about funding mechanisms and the management of funds based on current practice in NEA member countries.
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Five Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident
Nuclear Safety Improvements and Lessons Learnt
English, 76 pages, published: 02/29/16
NEA#7284
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2016/7284-five-years-fukushima.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Five Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (Executive summary)
- Japanese: 福島第一原子力発電所事故後の5年:原子力安全の改善と教訓 
Countries around the world continue to implement safety improvements and corrective actions based on lessons learnt from the 11 March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. This report provides a high-level summary and update on these activities, and outlines further lessons learnt and challenges identified for future consideration. It focuses on actions taken by NEA committees and NEA member countries, and as such is complementary to reports produced by other international organisations.

It is in a spirit of openness and transparency that NEA member countries share this information to illustrate that appropriate actions are being taken to maintain and enhance the level of safety at their nuclear facilities. Nuclear power plants are safer today because of these actions. High priority follow-on items identified by NEA committees are provided to assist countries in continuously benchmarking and improving their nuclear safety practices.
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Five Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (Executive summary)
Nuclear Safety Improvements and Lessons Learnt
English, 11 pages, published: 02/29/16
NEA#7285
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2016/7285-five-years-fukushima-es.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Five Years after the Fukushima Daiichi Accident
- Japanese: 福島第一原子力発電所事故後の5年:原子力安全の改善と教訓 
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Implementation of Defence in Depth at Nuclear Power Plants
Lessons Learnt from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident
English, 45 pages, published: 01/28/16
NEA#7248
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2016/7248-did-npp.pdf
Defence in depth (DiD) is a concept that has been used for many years alongside tools to optimise nuclear safety in reactor design, assessment and regulation. The 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident provided unique insight into nuclear safety issues and raised questions about the tools used at nuclear power plants, including the effectiveness of the DiD concept, and whether DiD can be enhanced and its implementation improved.

This regulatory guidance booklet examines and provides advice on the implementation of DiD. A key observation is that the use of the DiD concept remains valid after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. Indeed, lessons learnt from the accident, and the accident?s impact on the use of DiD, have reinforced the fundamental importance of DiD in ensuring adequate safety.

This report is intended primarily for nuclear regulatory bodies, although information included herein is expected to be of interest to licensees, nuclear industry organisations and the general public.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments
English, published: 12/21/16
NEA#7328
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/handbook.html
The Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (CSBEP) was initiated in October of 1992 by the United States Department of Energy. The project quickly became an international effort as scientists from other interested countries became involved. The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) became an official activity of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995.

This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirements and placement. Many of the specifications are also useful for nuclear data testing. Example calculations are presented; however, these do not constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data.

The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data are given in nine volumes. These volumes span over 70 000 pages and contain 570 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 913 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 45 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 215 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.

New to the handbook are 15 critical experiments with highly enriched uranium in an iron matrix performed to support the design of a repetitively pulsed reactor called the Sorgenta Rapida Reactor (SORA) at the Eurotom Research Centre in Ispra, Italy. A photograph of this experiment assembly is shown on the front cover.
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Japan's Siting Process for the Geological Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste
An International Peer Review
English, 46 pages, published: 08/04/16
NEA#7331
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7331-japan-peer-review-gdrw.pdf
The Nuclear Energy Agency carried out an independent peer review of Japan's siting process and criteria for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in May 2016. The review concluded that Japan's site screening process is generally in accordance with international practices. As the goal of the siting process is to locate a site -- that is both appropriate and accepted by the community -- to host a geological disposal facility for high-level radioactive waste, the international review team emphasises in this report the importance of maintaining an open dialogue and interaction between the regulator, the implementer and the public. Dialogue should begin in the early phases and continue throughout the siting process. The international review team also underlines the importance of taking into account feasibility aspects when selecting a site for preliminary investigations, but suggests that it would be inappropriate to set detailed scientific criteria for nationwide screening at this stage. The team has provided extensive advisory remarks in the report as opportunities for improvement, including the recommendation to use clear and consistent terminology in defining the site screening criteria as it is a critical factor in a successful siting process.
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Management of Radioactive Waste after a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
English, 225 pages, published: 12/02/16
NEA#7305
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7305-mgmt-rwm-npp-2016.pdf
The NEA Expert Group on Fukushima Waste Management and Decommissioning R&D (EGFWMD) was established in 2014 to offer advice to the authorities in Japan on the management of large quantities of on-site waste with complex properties and to share experiences with the international community and NEA member countries on ongoing work at the Fukushima Daiichi site. The group was formed with specialists from around the world who had gained experience in waste management, radiological contamination or decommissioning and waste management R&D after the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. This report provides technical opinions and ideas from these experts on post-accident waste management and R&D at the Fukushima Daiichi site, as well as information on decommissioning challenges.
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NEA News Vol. 33.2
English, 40 pages, published: 02/22/16
NEA#7243
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2015/33-2/nea-news-33-2.pdf
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NEA News Vol. 34.1
English, 24 pages, published: 07/19/16
NEA#7291
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2016/34-1/nea-news-34-1.pdf
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NEA News Vol. 34.2
English, 28 pages, published: 03/20/17
NEA#7292
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2017/34-2/nea-news-34-2.pdf
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National Inventories and Management Strategies for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste
Methodology for Common Presentation of Data
English, 62 pages, published: 07/28/16
NEA#7323
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7323-radioactive-waste-inventory-strategy.pdf
Radioactive waste inventory data are an important element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have thus evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or to the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s).

The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the Nuclear Energy Agency proposed to develop a methodology that would ensure consistency of national radioactive waste inventory data when presenting them in a common scheme. This report provides such a methodology and presenting scheme for spent nuclear fuel and for waste arising from reprocessing. The extension of the methodology and presenting scheme to other types of radioactive waste and corresponding management strategies is envisaged in a second phase.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2016
Bilingual, 103 pages, published: 12/20/16
NEA#7300
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2016/7300-ned-2016.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of statistics and country
reports documenting nuclear power status in NEA member countries and in the OECD area. Information
provided by governments includes statistics on installed generating capacity, total electricity produced
by all sources and by nuclear power, nuclear energy policies and fuel cycle developments, as well as
projections of nuclear generating capacity and electricity production to 2035, where available. Total
electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power
plants increased slightly in 2015, by 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. Two new units were connected to the
grid in 2015, in Russia and Korea; two reactors returned to operation in Japan under the new regulatory
regime; and seven reactors were officially shut down - five in Japan, one in Germany and one in the
United Kingdom. Governments committed to having nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans
for developing or increasing nuclear generating capacity, with the preparation of new build projects
progressing in Finland, Hungary, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Further details on these and other
developments are provided in the publication's numerous tables, graphs and country reports.

This publication contains "StatLinks". For each StatLink, the reader will find a URL which leads to the
corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.
Donnees sur l'energie nucleaire 2016

Les Donnees sur l'energie nucleaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de
l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'energie nucleaire, presentent la situation de l'energie nucleaire dans les pays
membres de l'AEN et dans la zone de l'OCDE. Les informations communiquees par les gouvernements
comprennent des statistiques sur la puissance installee, la production d'electricite totale et nucleaire,
les politiques nucleaires, les evolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles,
des projections jusqu'en 2035 de la puissance nucleaire et de la production d'electricite. En 2015, la
production totale d'electricite des centrales nucleaires ainsi que la part du nucleaire dans la production
d'electricite ont legerement augmente, de 0,2 % et 0,1 % respectivement. Deux nouveaux reacteurs ont
ete raccordes au reseau en Russie et en Coree, deux reacteurs ont ete remis en service au Japon, ou un
nouveau regime de surete est en vigueur, et sept reacteurs ont ete mis officiellement et definitivement a
l'arret - cinq au Japon, un en Allemagne et un au Royaume-Uni. Les pays decides a inclure le nucleaire
dans leur bouquet energetique ont poursuivi leurs projets de developpement ou d'augmentation de
la puissance nucleaire installee, et ont realise des avancees dans de futurs projets de construction en
Finlande, en Hongrie, au Royaume-Uni et en Turquie. Le lecteur trouvera de plus amples informations sur
ces evolutions et d'autres developpements dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux
que contient cet ouvrage.
Cette publication contient des "StatLinks". Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit
l'acces a la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 97 - Volume 1/2016
English, 120 pages, published: 08/22/16
NEA#7311
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb97.pdf
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include "Nuclear Third Party Liability in Germany" and "Towards Nuclear Disarmament: State of Affairs in the International Legal Framework".
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Radiological Protection Science and Application
English, 111 pages, published: 03/03/16
NEA#7265
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2016/7265-rp-science-application.pdf
Since the discovery of radiation at the end of the 19th century, the health effects of exposure to radiation have been studied more than almost any other factor with potential effects on human health. The NEA has long been involved in discussions on the effects of radiation exposure, releasing two reports in 1994 and 2007 on radiological protection science.

This report is the third in this state-of-the-art series, examining recent advances in the understanding of radiation risks and effects, particularly at low doses. It focuses on radiobiology and epidemiology, and also addresses the social science aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. The report summarises the status of, and issues arising from, the application of the International System of Radiological Protection to different types of prevailing circumstances.
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Small Modular Reactors
Nuclear Energy Market Potential for Near-term Deployment
English, 73 pages, published: 09/22/16
NEA#7213
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2016/7213-smrs.pdf
Recent interest in small modular reactors (SMRs) is being driven by a desire to reduce the total capital costs associated with nuclear power plants and to provide power to small grid systems. According to estimates available today, if all the competitive advantages of SMRs were realised, including serial production, optimised supply chains and smaller financing costs, SMRs could be expected to have lower absolute and specific (per-kWe) construction costs than large reactors. Although the economic parameters of SMRs are not yet fully determined, a potential market exists for this technology, particularly in energy mixes with large shares of renewables.

This report assesses the size of the market for SMRs that are currently being developed and that have the potential to broaden the ways of deploying nuclear power in different parts of the world. The study focuses on light water SMRs that are expected to be constructed in the coming decades and that strongly rely on serial, factory-based production of reactor modules. In a high-case scenario, up to 21 GWe of SMRs could be added globally by 2035, representing approximately 3% of total installed nuclear capacity.
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Strategic Considerations for the Sustainable Remediation of Nuclear Installations
English, 110 pages, published: 05/23/16
NEA#7290
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7290-strategic-considerations.pdf
Nuclear sites around the world are being decommissioned and remedial actions are being undertaken to enable sites, or parts of sites, to be reused. Although such activities are relatively straightforward for most sites, experience has suggested that preventative action is needed to minimise the impact of remediation activities on the environment and the potential burden to future generations. Removing all contamination in order to make a site suitable for any use generates waste and has associated environmental, social and economic drawbacks and benefits. Site remediation should thus be sustainable and result in an overall net benefit.

This report draws on recent experience of NEA member countries in nuclear site remediation during decommissioning in order to identify strategic considerations for the sustainable remediation of subsurface contamination – predominantly contaminated soil and groundwater – to describe good practice, and to make recommendations for further research and development. It provides insights for the decision makers, regulators, implementers and stakeholders involved in nuclear site decommissioning so as to ensure the sustainable remediation of nuclear sites, now and in the future.
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The NEA Strategic Plan 2017-2022
English, published: 12/22/16
NEA#7295
Volume of the series: General information
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/general/about/strategic-plan2017-2022.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le Plan stratégique de l'AEN 2017-2022 
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The Safety Culture of an Effective Nuclear Regulatory Body
English, 32 pages, published: 02/04/16
NEA#7247
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2016/7247-scrb2016.pdf
The fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that activities related to the peaceful use of nuclear energy are carried out in a safe manner within their respective countries. In order to effectively achieve this objective, the nuclear regulatory body requires specific characteristics, one of which is a healthy safety culture.

This regulatory guidance report describes five principles that support the safety culture of an effective nuclear regulatory body. These principles concern leadership for safety, individual responsibility and accountability, co-operation and open communication, a holistic approach, and continuous improvement, learning and self-assessment.

The report also addresses some of the challenges to a regulatory body's safety culture that must be recognised, understood and overcome. It provides a unique resource to countries with existing, mature regulators and can be used for benchmarking as well as for training and developing staff. It will also be useful for new entrant countries in the process of developing and maintaining an effective nuclear safety regulator.
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Uranium 2016: Resources, Production and Demand
English, 548 pages, published: 11/30/16
NEA#7301
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2016/7301-uranium-2016.pdf
Uranium is the raw material used to produce fuel for long-lived nuclear power facilities, necessary for the generation of significant amounts of baseload low-carbon electricity for decades to come. Although a valuable commodity, declining market prices for uranium in recent years, driven by uncertainties concerning evolutions in the use of nuclear power, have led to the postponement of mine development plans in a number of countries and to some questions being raised about future uranium supply. This 26th edition of the "Red Book", a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), provides analyses and information from 49 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions. The present edition provides the most recent review of world uranium market fundamentals and presents data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It offers updated information on established uranium production centres and mine development plans, as well as projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through 2035, in order to address long-term uranium supply and demand issues.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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2014 NEA Annual Report
English, 60 pages, published: 06/10/15
NEA#7238
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2014/ar2014.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2014 AEN Rapport Annuel 
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Fostering a Durable Relationship Between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community
Adding Value Through Design and Process - 2015 Edition
English, 66 pages, published: 12/01/15
NEA#7264
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7264-fostering-durable-relationship-2015.pdf
In the field of long-term radioactive waste management, projects to construct repositories normally last from decades to centuries. Such projects will inevitably have an effect on the host community from the planning stage to the end of construction and beyond. The key to a long-lasting and positive relationship between a site and its host community is ensuring that solutions are reached together throughout the entire process. The sustainability of radioactive waste management solutions can potentially be achieved through design and implementation of a facility that provides added cultural and amenity value, as well as economic opportunities, to the local community.

This second edition of Fostering a Durable Relationship Between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community: Adding Value Through Design and Process highlights new innovations in siting processes and in facility design – functional, cultural and physical – from different countries, which could be of added value to host communities and their sites in the short to long term. These new features are examined from the perspective of sustainability, with a focus on increasing the likelihood that people will both understand the facility and its functions, and remember what is located at the site.

This 2015 update by the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence will be beneficial in designing paths forward for local or regional communities, as well as for national radioactive waste management programmes.
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Handbook on Lead-bismuth Eutectic Alloy and Lead Properties, Materials Compatibility, Thermal-hydraulics and Technologies
English, 954 pages, published: 08/11/15
NEA#7268
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7268-lead-bismuth-2015.pdf
Heavy liquid metals such as lead or lead-bismuth have been proposed and investigated as coolants for fast reactors since the 1950s. More recently, there has been renewed interest worldwide in the use of these materials to support the development of systems for the transmutation of radioactive waste. Heavy liquid metals are also under evaluation as a reactor core coolant and accelerator-driven system neutron spallation source. Several national and international R&D programmes are ongoing for the development of liquid lead-alloy technology and the design of liquid-lead alloy-cooled reactor systems.

In 2007, a first edition of the handbook was published to provide deeper insight into the properties and experimental results in relation to lead and lead-bismuth eutectic technology and establish a common database. This handbook remains a reference and is a valuable tool for designers and researchers with an interest in heavy liquid metals.

The 2015 edition includes updated data resulting from various national and international R&D programmes and contains new experimental data to help understand some important phenomena such as liquid metal embrittlement and turbulent heat transfer in a fuel bundle. The handbook provides an overview of liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic properties, materials compatibility and testing issues, key aspects of thermal-hydraulics and existing facilities, as well as perspectives for future R&D.
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How can stakeholder involvement be improved?
(FSC Flyer)
English, published: 12/01/15
NEA#7262
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/fsc/docs/a4-stakeholder_involvement.pdf
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments
English, published: 12/09/15
NEA#7281
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/handbook.html
The Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (CSBEP) was initiated in October of 1992 by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The project quickly became an international effort as scientists from other interested countries became involved. The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) became an official activity of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995.

This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirements and placement. Many of the specifications are also useful for nuclear data testing. Example calculations are presented; however, these calculations do not constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data.

The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data are given in nine volumes. These volumes span approximately 69 000 pages and contain 567 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 874 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 31 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 207 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.

New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for neutron activation foil and thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements performed at the SILENE critical assembly in Valduc, France as part of a joint venture in 2010 between the US DOE and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). A photograph of this experiment is shown on the front cover.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments
English, published: 05/26/15
NEA#7258
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wprs/irphe/
International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments

The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation (IRPhE) Project was initiated as a pilot activity in 1999 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
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Introduction of Thorium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Short- to long-term considerations
English, 136 pages, published: 07/29/15
NEA#7224
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7224-thorium.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Perspectives on the Use of Thorium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle – Extended Summary
- Français: Cycle de combustible nucléaire au thorium (TA provisoire) - Synthèse 
Since the beginning of the nuclear era, significant scientific attention has been given to thorium's potential as a nuclear fuel. Although the thorium fuel cycle has never been fully developed, the opportunities and challenges that might arise from the use of thorium in the nuclear fuel cycle are still being studied in many countries and in the context of diverse international programmes around the world. This report provides a scientific assessment of thorium's potential role in nuclear energy both in the short to longer term, addressing diverse options, potential drivers and current impediments to be considered if thorium fuel cycles are to be pursued.
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NEA News Vol. 33.1
English, published: 07/29/15
NEA#7241
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2015/33-1/nea-news-33-1.pdf
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Nuclear Energy 2015 Edition - Roadmap Insights (foldout in publication)
English, published: 09/01/15
NEA#7282
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/techroadmap/techroadmap-2015-foldout-a3.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Technology Roadmap: Nuclear Energy - 2015 Edition
- Chinese: 技术路线图 核能 - 2015 年版 
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Nuclear Energy Data 2015/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2015
Bilingual, 106 pages, published: 10/21/15
NEA#7246
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7246-ned-2015.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting nuclear power status in the OECD area. Information provided by member country governments includes statistics on installed generating capacity, total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, nuclear energy policies and fuel cycle developments, as well as projected generating capacity and electricity production to 2035, where available. Total electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power plants increased slightly in 2014, by 1.4% and 0.3% respectively, despite Japan's nuclear fleet remaining offline throughout the year. No new reactor was connected to the grid in OECD countries and one, in the United States, was permanently shut down. Governments committed to having nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans for developing or increasing nuclear generating capacity, with the preparation of new build projects making progress in Finland, Hungary, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Further details on these and other developments are provided in the publication's numerous tables, graphs and country reports.

This publication contains "StatLinks". For each StatLink, the reader will find a URL which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présentent la situation de l'énergie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE. Les informations communiquées par les pouvoirs publics des pays membres de l'OCDE comprennent des statistiques sur la puissance nucléaire installée, la production d'électricité totale et nucléaire, les politiques nucléaires, les évolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en 2035 de la puissance nucléaire et de la production d'électricité. En 2014, la production totale d'électricité des centrales nucléaires ainsi que la part du nucléaire dans la production d'électricité ont légèrement augmenté, de 1,4 % et 0,3 % respectivement, et cela même si la totalite des réacteurs japonais est restée a l'arrêt. Aucun nouveau réacteur n'a été connecté au réseau dans les pays de l'OCDE, et un réacteur, aux Etats-Unis, a été mis définitivement à l'arrêt. Les pays décidés à inclure le nucléaire dans leur bouquet énergétique ont poursuivi leurs projets de développer ou d'augmenter la puissance nucléaire installée, avec des avancées dans de futurs projets de construction en Finlande, en Hongrie, au Royaume-Uni et en Turquie. Le lecteur trouvera de plus amples informations sur ces évolutions et d'autres développements dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux que contient cet ouvrage.

Cette publication contient des < StatLinks >. Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit l'accès à la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Energy: Combating Climate Change
English, 19 pages, published: 11/05/15
NEA#7208
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7208-climate-change-2015.pdf
The global response to address climate change is a key policy challenge of the 21st century. Many governments around the world have agreed that action should be taken to achieve large cuts in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the coming decades, to adapt to the impacts of climate change and to ensure the necessary financial and technical support for developing countries to take action.

There is a growing scientific consensus that global annual GHG emissions will need to be reduced by at least 50% from today’s levels by 2050 if the world is to limit the average temperature increase to 2°C by the end of the century and avoid the worst consequences of global warming. This brochure describes the role that nuclear energy can play in helping to combat climate change, and sets that role in the context of all low-carbon electricity sources, with specific references to renewables.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 95
English, 157 pages, published: 11/20/15
NEA#7252
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb95.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n°95 - Volume 1/2015 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.
Feature articles in this issue include "Entry into force of the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage: Opening the umbrella"; "Towards a new international framework for nuclear safety: Developments from Fukushima to Vienna"; "Nuclear arbitration: Interpreting non-proliferation agreements".
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 96 - Volume 2/2015
English, 116 pages, published: 02/23/16
NEA#7254
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb96.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n°96 - Volume 2/2015 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides readers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include ?Treaty implementation applied to conventions on nuclear safety? and ?Crisis, criticism, change: Regulatory reform in the wake of nuclear accidents?.
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Nuclear New Build: Insights into Financing and Project Management
English, 244 pages, published: 07/20/15
NEA#7195
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7195-nn-build-2015.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Nuclear New Build: Insights into Financing and Project Management (Executive Summary)
Nuclear new build has been progressing steadily since the year 2000, with the construction of 94 new reactors initiated and 56 completed reactors connected to the grid. Among these new reactors are some of the first generation III/III+ reactors of their kind. Drawing on a combination of conceptual analysis, expert opinion and seven in-depth case studies, this report provides policymakers and stakeholders with an overview of the principal challenges facing nuclear new build today, as well as ways to address and overcome them.

It focuses on the most important challenges of building a new nuclear power plant, namely assembling the conditions necessary to successfully finance and manage highly complex construction processes and their supply chains. Different projects have chosen different paths, but they nonetheless share a number of features. Financing capital-intensive nuclear new build projects requires, for example, the long-term stabilisation of electricity prices whether through tariffs, power purchase agreements or contracts for difference. In construction, the global convergence of engineering codes and quality standards would also promote both competition and public confidence. In addition, change management, early supply chain planning and "soft issues" such as leadership, team building and trust have emerged over and again as key factors in the new build construction process. This report looks at ongoing trends in these areas and possible ways forward.
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Nuclear New Build: Insights into Financing and Project Management (Executive Summary)
Executive Summary
English, published: 11/17/15
NEA#7196
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7196-nn-build-2015-es.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Nuclear New Build: Insights into Financing and Project Management
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Perspectives on the Use of Thorium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle – Extended Summary
English, 20 pages, published: 09/10/15
NEA#7228
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7228-thorium-es.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Introduction of Thorium in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
- Français: Cycle de combustible nucléaire au thorium (TA provisoire) - Synthèse 
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Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - 2015 Edition
English, 212 pages, published: 08/31/15
NEA#7057
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7057-proj-costs-electricity-2015.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Coûts prévisionnels de production de l'électricité - Synthèse 
- English: Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - Executive Summary
This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the eighth in a series of studies on electricity generating costs. As policy makers work to ensure that the power supply is reliable, secure and affordable, while making it increasingly clean and sustainable in the context of the debate on climate change, it is becoming more crucial that they understand what determines the relative cost of electricity generation using fossil fuel, nuclear or renewable sources of energy. A wide range of fuels and technologies are presented in the report, including natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, onshore and offshore wind, biomass and biogas, geothermal, and combined heat and power, drawing on a database from surveys of investment and operating costs that include a larger number of countries than previous editions.

The analysis of more than 180 plants, based on data covering 22 countries, reveals several key trends, pointing, for example, to a significant decline in recent years in the cost of renewable generation. The report also reveals that nuclear energy costs remain in line with the cost of other baseload technologies, particularly in markets that value decarbonisation. Overall, cost drivers of the different generating technologies remain both market-specific and technology-specific.

Readers will find a wealth of details and analysis, supported by over 200 figures and tables, underlining this report's value as a tool for decision makers and researchers concerned with energy policies, climate change and the evolution of power sectors around the world.
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Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - Executive Summary
English, published: 08/31/15
NEA#7279
Volume of the series: Nuclear Development
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7279-proj-costs-electricity-2015-es.pdf
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Radioactive Waste Management and Constructing Memory for Future Generations
Proceedings of the International Conference and Debate, 15-17 September 2015, Verdun, France
English, 177 pages, published: 11/18/15
NEA#7259
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7259-constructing-memory-2015.pdf
The Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) across Generations initiative was launched by the Nuclear Energy Agency in 2011 to foster international reflection and progress towards this goal and to meet increasing demands by waste management specialists and other interested parties for viable and shared strategies. The RK&M initiative is now in its second phase, which is to last until 2017. Phase I culminated on 15-17 September 2014 with the organisation of an international conference and debate on “Constructing Memory" held in Verdun, France.

The conference was attended by approximately 200 participants from 17 countries and 3 international organisations. Participants included specialists from the radioactive waste management area and beyond, academics in the fields of archaeology, communications, cultural heritage, geography and history, as well as artists, archivists, representatives from local heritage societies and from communities that could host a radioactive waste repository.
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Review of Integral Experiments for Minor Actinide Management
English, 137 pages, published: 02/17/15
NEA#7222
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2015/7222-review-minor-actinide-management.pdf
Spent nuclear fuel contains minor actinides (MAs) such as neptunium, americium and curium, which require careful management. This becomes even more important when mixed oxide (MOX) fuel is being used on a large scale since more MAs will accumulate in the spent fuel. One way to manage these MAs is to transmute them in nuclear reactors, including in light water reactors, fast reactors or accelerator-driven subcritical systems. The transmutation of MAs, however, is not straightforward, as the loading of MAs generally affects physics parameters, such as coolant void, Doppler and burn-up reactivity.

This report focuses on nuclear data requirements for minor actinide management, the review of existing integral data and the determination of required experimental work, the identification of bottlenecks and possible solutions, and the recommendation of an action programme for international co-operation.
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Stakeholder Involvement in Decision Making: A Short Guide to Issues, Approaches and Resources
English, 62 pages, published: 01/01/16
NEA#7189
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7189-stakeholder-involvement-2015.pdf
Radioactive waste management is embedded in broader societal issues such as the environment, risk management, energy, health policy and sustainability. In all these fields, there is an increasing demand for public involvement and engagement. This 2015 update of Stakeholder Involvement Techniques: Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography, assists practitioners and non-specialists by outlining the steps and issues associated with stakeholder involvement in decision making and by facilitating access to useful online resources (handbooks, toolboxes and case studies). The updated guide has been considerably enriched with experiences since 2004 and includes extensive references to the literature. It is published alongside the release of an online annotated bibliography that will be updated regularly.
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Technology Roadmap: Nuclear Energy - 2015 Edition
English, 64 pages, published: 01/19/15
NEA#7257
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2015/7257-techroadmap-2015.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 技术路线图 核能 - 2015 年版 
- English: Nuclear Energy 2015 Edition - Roadmap Insights (foldout in publication)
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The Practice of Cost Estimation for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
English, published: 06/01/15
NEA#7237
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7237-practice-cost-estimation.pdf
Decommissioning of both commercially used and R&D nuclear facilities is expected to increase significantly in the coming years, and the largest of such industrial decommissioning projects could command considerable budgets. Several approaches are currently being used for decommissioning cost estimations, with an international culture developing in the field. The present cost estimation practice guide was prepared in order to offer international actors specific guidance in preparing quality cost and schedule estimates to support detailed budgeting for decommissioning implementation, for the preparation of decommissioning plans and for the securing of funds. This guide is based on current practices and standards in a number of NEA member countries and aims to help consolidate the practice and process of decommissioning cost estimation so as to make it more widely understood. It offers a useful reference for the practitioner and for training programmes.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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2013 NEA Annual Report
English, 60 pages, published: 06/04/14
NEA#7174
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2013/ar2013.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2013 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Guide for International Peer Reviews of Decommissioning Cost Studies for Nuclear Facilities
English, 49 pages, published: 10/27/14
NEA#7190
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2014/7190-guide-peer-reviews.pdf
Peer reviews are a standard co-operative OECD working tool that offer member countries a framework to compare experiences and examine best practices in a host of areas. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has developed a proven methodology for conducting peer reviews in radioactive waste management and nuclear R&D. Using this methodology, the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee’s Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) developed the present guide as a framework for decommissioning cost reviewers and reviewees to prepare for and conduct international peer reviews of decommissioning cost estimate studies for nuclear facilities. It includes checklists that will help national programmes or relevant organisations to assess and improve decommissioning cost estimate practices in the future. This guide will act as the NEA reference for conducting such international peer reviews.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments
English, published: 12/15/14
NEA#7231
Volume of the series: Data Bank
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/handbook.html
The Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (CSBEP) was initiated in October 1992 by the United States Department of Energy. The project quickly became an international effort as scientists from other interested countries became involved. The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) became an official activity of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995.

This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirements and placement. Many of the specifications are also useful for nuclear data testing. Example calculations are presented; however, these calculations do not constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data.

The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data are given in nine volumes. These volumes span approximately 67?000 pages and contain 561 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4?839 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 24 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each and 207?configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.

New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for subcritical measurements of a nickel-reflected, plutonium-metal sphere performed at the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC) by experimenters at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in 2012. A photograph of this experiment is shown on the front cover.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments
2014 Edition
English, published: 06/11/14
NEA#7173
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wprs/irphe/irphe-handbook/
The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation (IRPhE) Project was initiated as a pilot activity in 1999 by the the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Nuclear Science Committee (NSC). The project was endorsed as an official activity of the NSC in June 2003. While the NEA co-ordinates and administers the IRPhE at the international level, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction and priorities of the project within their respective countries. The information and data included in this handbook are available to NEA member countries, to all contributing countries and to others on a case-by-case basis.

This handbook contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments that were performed at nuclear facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by reactor designers, safety analysts and nuclear data evaluators to validate calculation techniques and data. Example calculations are presented; they do not constitute a validation or endorsement of the codes or cross-section data.

The 2014 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from 135 experimental series that were performed at 48 reactor facilities. A total of 131 of the 135 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks. The remaining four evaluations are published as draft documents only.

New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for selected measurements from the VENUS-7 series that were performed in the zero power VENUS reactor at SCK?CEN, Mol (Belgium) as part of the ?Plutonium Recycle Programme?.
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Managing Environmental and Health Impacts of Uranium Mining
English, 140 pages, published: 06/04/14
NEA#7062
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2014/7062-mehium.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Perceptions and Realities in Modern Uranium Mining – Extended Summary
- Français: L'extraction d'uranium aujourd'hui : perceptions et réalités – Résumé détaillé 
Uranium mining and milling has evolved significantly over the years. By comparing currently leading approaches with outdated practices, this report demonstrates how uranium mining can be conducted in a way that protects workers, the public and the environment. Innovative, modern mining practices combined with strictly enforced regulatory standards are geared towards avoiding past mistakes committed primarily during the early history of the industry when maximising uranium production was the principal operating consideration. Today?s leading practices in uranium mining aim at producing uranium in an efficient and safe manner that limits environmental impacts to acceptable standards. As indicated in this report, the collection of baseline environmental data, environmental monitoring and public consultation throughout the life cycle of the mine enables verification that the facility is operating as planned, provides early warning of any potentially adverse impacts on the environment and keeps stakeholders informed of developments. Leading practice also supports planning for mine closure before mine production is licensed to ensure that the mining lease area is returned to an environmentally acceptable condition. The report highlights the importance of mine workers being properly trained and well equipped, as well as that of ensuring that their work environment is well ventilated so as to curtail exposure to radiation and hazardous materials and thereby minimise health impacts.
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NEA News Vol. 32.1-32.2
English, 40 pages, published: 12/19/14
NEA#7176
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2014/32-1-32-2/nea-news-32-1-32-2.pdf
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Nuclear Energy Data 2014/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2014
Bilingual, 93 pages, published: 12/08/14
NEA#7197
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2014/7197-bb-2014.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting the status of nuclear power in the OECD area. Information provided by member country governments includes statistics on installed generating capacity, total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, nuclear energy policies and fuel cycle developments, as well as projected generating capacity and electricity production to 2035, where available. Total electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power plants remained steady in 2013 despite the progressive shutdown of all reactors in Japan leading up to September and the permanent closure of six reactors in the OECD area. Governments committed to maintaining nuclear power in the energy mix advanced plans for increasing nuclear generating capacity, and progress was made in the development of deep geological repositories for spent nuclear fuel, with Finland expected to have the first such facility in operation in the early 2020s. Further details on these and other developments are provided in the publication's numerous tables, graphs and country reports.

This publication contains "StatLinks". For each StatLink, the reader will find a URL which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présente la situation de l'energie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE. Les informations communiquées par les pouvoirs publics des pays membres de l'OCDE comprennent des statistiques sur la puissance nucléaire installée et sur la production d'électricité totale et nucléaire, les politiques nucléaires et les évolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en 2035 de la puissance nucléaire installée et de la production d'électricité. En 2013, la production totale d'électricité des centrales nucléaires ainsi que la part du nucléaire dans la production d'électricité sont restées stables malgre les mises à l'arrêt de tous les réacteurs japonais, intervenues progressivement jusqu'à septembre, et la mise à l'arrêt définitif de six réacteurs dans la zone de l'OCDE. Les pays décidés à conserver le nucléaire dans leur mix énergétique ont poursuivi leurs projets d'augmentation de la puissance nucléaire installée. Le développement de centres de stockages en couche géologique profonde pour le combustible usé a lui aussi progressé, la première installation de ce type devant entrer en exploitation en Finlande au début des années 2020. Le lecteur trouvera de plus amples informations sur ces évolutions et d'autres développements dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux que contient cet ouvrage.

Cette publication contient des " StatLinks ". Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit l'accès à la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 92
Volume 2013/2
English, 220 pages, published: 04/11/14
NEA#7154, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb92.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 92 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include: "Uranium mining and production: A legal perspective on regulating an important resource"; "Turkish nuclear legislation: Developments for a nuclear newcomer"; and "Nuclear law and environmental law in the licensing of nuclear installations".
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 93
English, published: 10/10/14
NEA#7181
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb93.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 93 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published free online twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include: "Progress towards a global nuclear liability regime"; "The Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage and participation by developing countries: A South African perspective"; "Fusion energy and nuclear liability considerations"; and "Nuclear energy and Indian society: Public engagement, risk assessment and legal frameworks".
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 94
English, 185 pages, published: 03/04/15
NEA#7183
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb94.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 94 - Volume 2/2014 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.
Feature articles in this issue include "Facilitating the entry into force and implementation of the Amendment to the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material: Observations, challenges and benefits"; "The legal status of nuclear power in Germany"; "Challenges facing the insurance industry since the modernisation of the international nuclear third party liability regime"; "Draft Federal Act of the Russian Federation, 'The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and its Financial Security'".
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Nuclear Site Remediation and Restoration during Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations
English, 244 pages, published: 08/18/14
NEA#7192
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2014/7192-cpd-report.pdf
Decommissioning of nuclear facilities and related remedial actions are currently being undertaken around the world to enable sites or parts of sites to be reused for other purposes. Remediation has generally been considered as the last step in a sequence of decommissioning steps, but the values of prevention, long-term planning and parallel remediation are increasingly being recognised as important steps in the process. This report, prepared by the Task Group on Nuclear Site Restoration of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning, highlights lessons learnt from remediation experiences of NEA member countries that may be particularly helpful to practitioners of nuclear site remediation, regulators and site operators. It provides observations and recommendations to consider in the development of strategies and plans for efficient nuclear site remediation that ensures protection of workers and the environment.
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Perceptions and Realities in Modern Uranium Mining – Extended Summary
English, 19 pages, published: 08/14/14
NEA#7063
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2014/7063-mehium-es.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'extraction d'uranium aujourd'hui : perceptions et réalités – Résumé détaillé 
- English: Managing Environmental and Health Impacts of Uranium Mining
Producing uranium in a safe and environmentally responsible manner is not only important to the producers and consumers of the product, but also to society at large. Given expectations of growth in nuclear generating capacity and associated uranium demand in the coming decades &ndash; particularly in the developing world &ndash; enhancing awareness of leading practice in uranium mining is important. This extended summary of the report <em>Managing Environmental and Health Impacts of Uranium Mining</em> provides a brief outline of the driving forces behind the significant evolution of uranium mining practices from the time that uranium was first mined for military purposes until today.
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R&D and Innovation Needs for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities
English, 314 pages, published: 07/21/14
NEA#7191
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2014/7191-rd-innovation-needs.pdf
Nuclear decommissioning activities can greatly benefit from research and development (R&D) projects. This report examines applicable emergent technologies, current research efforts and innovation needs to build a base of knowledge regarding the status of decommissioning technology and R&D. This base knowledge can be used to obtain consensus on future R&D that is worth funding. It can also assist in deciding how to collaborate and optimise the limited pool of financial resources available among NEA member countries for nuclear decommissioning R&D.
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State-of-the-art Report on Innovative Fuels for Advanced Nuclear Systems
English, 193 pages, published: 12/12/14
NEA#6895
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2014/6895-report-innovative-fuels.pdf
Development of innovative fuels such as homogeneous and heterogeneous fuels, ADS fuels, and oxide, metal, nitride and carbide fuels is an important stage in the implementation process of advanced nuclear systems. Several national and international R&D programmes are investigating minor actinide-bearing fuels due to their ability to help reduce the radiotoxicity of spent fuel and therefore decrease the burden on geological repositories. Minor actinides can be converted into a suitable fuel form for irradiation in reactor systems where they are transmuted into fission products with a significantly shorter half-life.

This report compares recent studies of fuels containing minor actinides for use in advanced nuclear systems. The studies review different fuels for several types of advanced reactors by examining various technical issues associated with fabrication, characterisation, irradiation performance, design and safety criteria, as well as technical maturity.
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The Characteristics of an Effective Nuclear Regulator
NEA/CNRA/R(2014)1
English, 32 pages, published: 07/04/14
NEA#7185
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2014/7185-regulator.pdf
Both national and international organisations agree that the fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies -- the regulator's prime purpose -- is to ensure that nuclear licensees operate their facilities at all times in a safe manner. Much has been written about ways to improve regulatory processes or to improve the effectiveness of a regulatory body, including in previous OECD/NEA regulatory guidance booklets. But until now, none have focused on the characteristics of an effective nuclear safety regulator.

Effective organisations are those that have good leadership and are able to transform strategic direction into operational programmes. Effectiveness is about how well the organisation is achieving its fundamental purpose -- in the case of a nuclear safety regulator, ensuring that licensees operate their facilities and discharge their obligations in a safe manner.

This regulatory guidance booklet describes the characteristics of an effective nuclear safety regulator in terms of roles and responsibilities, principles and attributes. Each of the characteristics discussed in this report is a necessary feature of an effective nuclear safety regulator but no one characteristic is sufficient on its own. It is the combination of these characteristics that leads to the effectiveness of a nuclear regulatory body. The report provides a unique resource to countries with existing, mature regulators and can be used for benchmarking as well as training and developing staff. It will also be useful for new entrant countries in the process of developing and maintaining an effective nuclear safety regulator.
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Uranium 2014: Resources, Production and Demand
English, 504 pages, published: 09/09/14
NEA#7209
Volume of the series: Nuclear Development
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2014/7209-uranium-2014.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Uranium 2014: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary
- Français: Uranium 2014 : Ressources, production et demande - Synthèse 
Uranium is the raw material used to fuel over 400 operational nuclear reactors around the world that produce large amounts of electricity and benefit from life cycle carbon emissions as low as renewable energy sources. Although a valuable commodity, declining market prices for uranium since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011, driven by uncertainties concerning the future of nuclear power, have led to the postponement of mine development plans in a number of countries and raised questions about continued uranium supply. This 25th edition of the "Red Book", a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, provides analyses and information from 45 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions. It includes data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It offers updated information on established uranium production centres and mine development plans, as well as projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through 2035, incorporating policy changes following the Fukushima accident, in order to address long-term uranium supply and demand issues.
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Uranium 2014: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 10/14/14
NEA#7210
Volume of the series: Nuclear Development
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2014/7210-uranium-2014-es.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 2014 : Ressources, production et demande - Synthèse 
- English: Uranium 2014: Resources, Production and Demand
Uranium is the raw material used to fuel over 400 operational nuclear reactors around the world that produce large amounts of electricity and benefit from life cycle carbon emissions as low as renewable energy sources. Although a valuable commodity, declining market prices for uranium since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011, driven by uncertainties concerning the future of nuclear power, have led to the postponement of mine development plans in a number of countries and raised questions about continued uranium supply. This 25th edition of the "Red Book", a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, provides analyses and information from 45 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions. It includes data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It offers updated information on established uranium production centres and mine development plans, as well as projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through 2035, incorporating policy changes following the Fukushima accident, in order to address long-term uranium supply and demand issues.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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2012 NEA Annual Report
English, 60 pages, published: 04/19/13
NEA#7144
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2012/ar2012.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2012 AEN Rapport annuel 
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers No. 16
Defence in Depth of Electrical Systems
English, 48 pages, published: 05/17/13
NEA#7070
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2013/7070-top-16.pdf
As all safety systems in the majority of existing nuclear power plants use the preferred power supply, any voltage surges in these systems could lead to common-cause failures. In the event of an unusual electrical system transient, it is essential that safety-related equipment be isolated or protected from the fault in order to ensure its ability to safely shut down the reactor and remove decay heat.
Based on the analysis of the voltage surges observed at Forsmark-1 in 2006 and Olkiluoto-1 in 2008, this technical opinion paper summarises the current state of knowledge of in-plant and external grid-related challenges to nuclear power plant safety-related electrical equipment. It will be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators, nuclear power plant operators and grid system regulators and operators.
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Chemical Thermodynamics of Iron, Part I, Volume 13a
English, 1124 pages, published: 12/13/13
NEA#6355
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/pubs/6355-vol13a-iron.pdf
This volume is the 13th in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) "Chemical Thermodynamics" series. It is the first part of a critical review of the thermodynamic properties of iron, its solid compounds and aqueous complexes, initiated as part of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project Phase III (TDB III). The database system developed at the OECD/NEA Data Bank ensures consistency not only within the recommended data sets of iron, but also among all the data sets published in the series. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.
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Crisis Communication: Facing the Challenges - Proceedings
Workshop Proceedings, Madrid, Spain, 9-10 May 2012
English, 240 pages, published: 05/06/13
NEA#7067
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2013/7067-crisis-communication.pdf
As manifested by an increasingly globalised media, a nuclear accident anywhere quickly becomes a potential concern for people everywhere. It is therefore of prime importance that nuclear regulators’ communication strategies take into consideration the expectations and concerns of the public and provide sound information not only for the people of the affected country, but also for citizens worldwide. Public trust is a key element in being able to do so effectively and of particular importance when there are consequences for people or the environment. International co-operation can play a fundamental role in helping to improve crisis communication on national and global scales in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency. These proceedings contain the papers, recommendations and conclusions of the workshop, which was attended by over 180 experts from 27 countries and 6 international organisations.
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 33)
Methods and Issues for the Combined Use of Integral Experiments and Covariance Data (Volume 33)
English, 178 pages, published: 12/20/13
NEA#7171
Volume of the series: Nuclear Science
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume33/volume33.pdf
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International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (DVD)
March 2013
English, published: 05/13/13
NEA#7140
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wprs/irphe/irphe-handbook/
The International Reactor Physics Experiments Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was launched in 1999 by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Nuclear Science Committee (NSC). While co-ordination and administration of the IRPhEP is managed at the international level by the NEA, each participating country is responsible for the administration, technical direction and priorities of the project within their respective countries. The information and data included in this handbook are available to NEA member countries, to all contributing countries and to others on a case-by-case basis.
This handbook contains reactor physics benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various nuclear facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by reactor designers, safety analysts and nuclear data evaluators to validate calculation techniques and data. Example calculations are presented; they do not, however, constitute validation or endorsement of the codes or cross-section data.
The 2013 edition of the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments contains data from 130 experimental series performed at 47 reactor facilities. One hundred twenty-six of the 130 evaluations are published as approved benchmarks; the remaining four are published as draft documents only.
New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for selected measurements on the very-high-temperature reactor critical assembly (VHTRC) which were performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) Tokai Research Establishment in Japan between 1985 and 1996.
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Minor Actinide Burning in Thermal Reactors
A Report by the Working Party on Scientific Issues of Reactor Systems
English, 82 pages, published: 11/18/13
NEA#6997
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2013/6997-minor-actinide.pdf
This publication provides an introduction to minor actinide nuclear properties and discusses some of the arguments in favour of minor actinide recycling, as well as the potential role of thermal reactors in this regard. Various technical issues and challenges are examined from the fuel cycle, operations, fuel designs, core management and safety/dynamics responses to safety and economics. The focus of this report is on the general conclusions of recent research that could be applied to thermal reactors. Further research and development needs are also considered, with summaries of findings and recommendations for the direction of future R&D efforts.
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NEA News Vol. 30.2-31.1
English, 32 pages, published: 09/16/13
NEA#7164, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2013/30-2-31-1/nea-news-30-2-31-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 30.2-31.1 
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NEA News Vol. 31.2
English, 32 pages, published: 01/21/14
NEA#7169
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2013/31-2/nea-news-31-2.pdf
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Nuclear Energy Data 2013/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2013
Bilingual, 92 pages, published: 12/03/13
NEA#7162
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2013/7162-bb-2013.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting the status of nuclear power in the OECD area. Information provided by member country governments includes statistics on installed generating capacity, total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, nuclear energy policies and fuel cycle developments, as well as projected generating capacity and electricity production to 2035, where available. Total electricity generation at nuclear power plants and the share of electricity production from nuclear power plants declined in 2012 as a result of operational issues at some facilities and suspended operation at all but two reactors in Japan. Nuclear safety was further strengthened in 2012 following safety reviews prompted by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Governments committed to maintaining nuclear power in the energy mix pursued initiatives to increase nuclear generating capacity. In Turkey, plans were finalised for the construction of the first four reactors for commercial electricity production. Further details on these and other developments are provided in the publication's numerous tables, graphs and country reports.

This publication contains 'StatLinks'. For each StatLink, the reader will find a URL which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.


Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présente la situation de l'énergie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE. Les informations communiquées par les pouvoirs publics des pays membres de l'OCDE comprennent des statistiques sur la puissance nucléaire installée, la production d'électricité totale et nucléaire, les politiques nucléaires, les évolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, lorsqu'elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en 2035 de la puissance nucléaire et de la production d'électricité. En 2012, la production totale d'électricité des centrales nucléaires mais aussi la part du nucléaire dans la production d'électricité ont diminué en raison de problèmes d'exploitation rencontres par certaines installations et de la mise à l'arrêt de tous les réacteurs japonais sauf deux. À l'issue des réexamens de la sureté entrepris après l'accident de Fukushima Daichi, la sureté nucléaire s'est renforcée en 2012. Les pays décides à conserver le nucléaire dans leur mix énergétique ont avancé dans leurs projets d'augmentation de la puissance nucléaire installée. La Turquie a mis la dernière main au projet de construction de ses quatre premiers réacteurs destines a la production d'électricité. Le lecteur trouvera de plus amples informations sur ces évolutions et d'autres développements dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux que contient cet ouvrage.

Cette publication contient des < StatLinks >. Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit l'acces a la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 91
Volume 2013/1
English, 196 pages, published: 09/13/13
NEA#7152, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb91.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 91 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include: “The post-Fukushima Daiichi response: The role of the Convention on Nuclear Safety in strengthening the legal framework for nuclear safety”; “Adequate protection after the Fukushima Daiichi acccident: A constant in a world of change”; “Safer nuclear energy through a higher degree of internationalisation? International involvement versus national sovereignty”; and “Special report on the Second Annual Meeting of the Nuclear Law Association, ‘India’s nuclear energy sector: Business opportunities and legal challenges’, 2 March 2013, Mumbai, India”.
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Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities -- SATIF-11
Workshop Proceedings, Tsukuba, Japan, 11-13 September 2012
English, 202 pages, published: 10/08/13
NEA#7157
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2013/7157-satif-11.pdf
Particle accelerators have evolved over the last decades from simple devices to powerful machines, and are having an increasingly important impact on research, technology and daily life. Today they have a wide range of applications in many areas including material science and medical applications. In recent years, new technological and research applications have helped to define requirements while the number of accelerator facilities in operation, being commissioned, designed or planned has grown significantly. Their parameters, which include the beam energy, currents and intensities, and target composition, can vary widely, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems.
Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways to protect operators, the public and the environment. As the design and use of these facilities evolve, so must the analytical methods used in the safety analyses. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiation targets. They also evaluate progress in the development of modelling methods used to assess the effectiveness of such shielding as part of safety analyses.
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Stakeholder Confidence in Radioactive Waste Management
An Annotated Glossary of Key Terms
English, 64 pages, published: 03/01/13
NEA#6988
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2013/6988-fsc-glossary.pdf
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) Annotated Glossary is a review of concepts central to societal decision making about radioactive waste management. It records the evolution in understanding that has taken place in the group as the FSC has worked with these concepts over time. This should be a useful resource not only for new FSC participants but also for others: this annotated glossary forms a good reference handbook for future texts regarding societal aspects of radioactive waste management and its governance.
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Status Report on Structural Materials for Advanced Nuclear Systems
English, 107 pages, published: 10/21/13
NEA#6409
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2013/6409-sr-smans.pdf
Materials performance is critical to the safe and economic operation of any nuclear system. As the international community pursues the development of Generation IV reactor concepts and accelerator-driven transmutation systems, it will be increasingly necessary to develop advanced materials capable of tolerating the more challenging environments of these new systems. The international community supports numerous materials research programmes, with each country determining its individual focus on a case-by-case basis. In many instances, similar alloys of materials systems are being studied in several countries, providing the opportunity for collaborative and cross-cutting research that benefits different systems.

This report is a snapshot of the current materials programmes supporting the development of advanced concepts. The descriptions of the research are grouped by concept, and national programmes are described within each concept. The report provides an overall sense of the importance of materials research worldwide and the opportunities for synergy among the countries represented in this overview.
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Summary of the Fourth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-4)
Exercise Conduct and Evaluation Questionnaires
English, 48 pages, published: 07/29/13
NEA#7143
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2013/7143-summary-inex4.pdf
The International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, organised under the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters (WPNEM), has proven successful in testing, investigating and improving national and international response arrangements for nuclear accidents and radiological emergencies. Early INEX exercises focused on the national and international aspects of early phase management of nuclear power plant emergencies. Starting with INEX-3 (2005-2006), the international community began looking at issues concerning longer-term consequence management. In 2008, the WPNEM started preparing the INEX-4 series, which was conducted in 2010-2011 and addressed consequence management and transition to recovery in response to malicious acts involving the release of radioactive materials in an urban setting. The goal of INEX-4 was to provide a basis for enhancing emergency management through the exchange of exercise experiences from participating countries and the identification of good practices and common issues. This summary report provides general outcomes based on country responses to the INEX-4 evaluation questionnaire and suggests areas of focus for future consideration.
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The Economics of the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
English, 188 pages, published: 10/23/13
NEA#7061
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2013/7061-ebenfc.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Economics of the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle - Executive Summary
- Français: Economie de l'aval du cycle du combustible nucléaire - Synthèse 
The feasibility and costs of spent nuclear fuel management and the consequent disposal of ultimate waste continue to be the subject of public debate in many countries, with particular concern often expressed over the lack of progress in implementing final disposal. Uncertainties about back-end costs and the financial risks associated with management of the back end have also been singled out as possible deterrents to investment in new nuclear power plants.

This report offers an appraisal of economic issues and methodologies for the management of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste from commercial power reactors. It includes a review of different back-end options and current policies and practices, with a focus on the cost estimates for these options and the funding mechanisms in place or under consideration in OECD/NEA countries. A generic economic assessment of high-level estimates of back-end cost impacts on fuel cycle costs is undertaken for selected idealised scenarios, by means of a simple static model. Sensitivity analyses are conducted for the evaluation of uncertainties in major components and the identification of cost drivers. Since factors other than economics are an important part of the decision-making process, an analysis of the influence of key qualitative parameters in the selection of back-end strategies is also presented in this report.
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The Economics of the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle - Executive Summary
English, 16 pages, published: 10/23/13
NEA#7193
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2013/7061-ebenfc-execsum.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Economie de l'aval du cycle du combustible nucléaire - Synthèse 
- English: The Economics of the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
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The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident: OECD/NEA Nuclear Safety Response and Lessons Learnt
English, 68 pages, published: 09/10/13
NEA#7161
Volume of the series: Nuclear Safety
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/2013/7161-fukushima2013.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: 福島第一原子力発電所事故 OECD/NEA原子力安全の対応と教訓 
This report outlines the response of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and its member countries to the March 2011 accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. All NEA members took early action to ensure and confirm the continued safety of their nuclear power plants and the protection of the public. Consistent with its objective of maintaining and further developing the scientific, technological and legal bases for safe nuclear energy, the NEA has assisted its member countries in their individual and collective responses to the accident. It has also provided direct assistance to the relevant authorities in Japan. These actions are summarised in the report along with lessons learnt thus far. Key messages are offered as a means to help strengthen the basis for nuclear safety and its implementation in all countries using nuclear power.
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Transition Towards a Sustainable Nuclear Fuel Cycle
English, 68 pages, published: 07/18/13
NEA#7133
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2013/7133-transition-sustainable-fuel-cycle.pdf
Future fuel cycle characteristics, feasibility and acceptability will be crucial for the continued development of nuclear energy, especially in the post-Fukushima context. Fuel cycle choices have both long- and short-term impacts, and a holistic assessment of their characteristics, cost and associated safety issues is of paramount importance. This report seeks to associate quantified impacts with foreseeable nuclear energy development in different world regions. It gives initial results in terms of uranium resource availability, fuel cycle facility deployment and reactor types. In particular, the need to achieve short doubling times with future fast reactors is investigated and quantified. The report also provides guidelines for performing future studies to account for a wider range of hypotheses on energy demand growth, different hypotheses regarding uranium resource availability and different types of reactors to be deployed.
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Validation of the JEFF-3.1 Nuclear Data Library
JEFF Report 23
English, 76 pages, published: 02/14/13
NEA#7079
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-23/nea7079-jeff23.pdf
The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) Project is a collaborative effort among OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Data Bank member countries to develop a reference nuclear data library for use in different energy applications. These data can be used to help improve the safety and economy of existing installations, as well as to design advanced nuclear reactors and their associated fuel cycles, including radioactive waste management. The JEFF-3.1 library contains several different data types, including neutron and proton interaction data, neutron activation data, radioactive decay data, fission yield data and thermal scattering data. This report describes the initial validation of the complete JEFF-3.1 library for thermal reactors, fuel cycle, storage and reprocessing, fusion technology and intermediate energy applications. It will be useful for scientists and engineers in national laboratories, universities and industry who use basic nuclear data, and is particularly suitable for those who work with application libraries based on JEFF-3.1.

The JEF/DOC and EFFDOC working documents cited in the report are available online at www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-23/.

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2011 NEA Annual Report
English, 56 pages, published: 04/24/12
NEA#7094, ISBN: 978-92-64-99179-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2011/AR2011-E.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2011 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Eleventh Information Exchange Meeting, San Francisco, California, USA, 1-4 November 2010
English, 404 pages, published: 06/01/12
NEA#6996, ISBN: 978-92-64-99174-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2012/nea6996-11thPandT.pdf
In order to provide experts with a forum to present and discuss developments in the field of partitioning and transmutation (P&T), the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has been organising, since 1990, a series of biennial information exchange meetings on actinide and fission product P&T.

These proceedings contain all the technical papers presented at the 11th Information Exchange Meeting, which was held on 1-4 November 2010 in San Francisco, California, USA. The meeting covered national programmes on P&T; fuel cycle strategies and transition scenarios; waste forms and geological disposal; transmutation fuels and targets; pyro and aqueous processes; transmutation physics and materials; and transmutation system design, performance and safety.
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Burn-up Credit Criticality Safety Benchmark – Phase VII
UO2 Fuel: Study of Spent Fuel Compositions for Long-term Disposal
English, 180 pages, published: 02/21/12
NEA#6998, ISBN: 978-92-64-99172-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2012/burn-up-credit-phaseVII.pdf
After spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is discharged from a nuclear reactor, fuel composition and reactivity continue to vary as a function of time due to the decay of unstable nuclides. Accurate predictions of the concentrations of long-lived radionuclides in SNF, which represent a significant potential hazard to human beings and to the environment over a very long period, are particularly necessary for radiological dose assessments.
This report assesses the ability of existing computer codes and associated nuclear data to predict isotopic compositions and their corresponding neutron multiplication factor (keff) values for pressurised-water-reactor (PWR) UO2 fuel at 50 GWd/MTU burn-up in a generic spent fuel cask configuration. Fuel decay compositions and keff values have been calculated for 30 post-irradiation time steps out to one million years.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers No. 14
Nuclear Licensee Organisational Structures, Resources and Competencies: Determining Their Suitability
English, 16 pages, published: 05/15/12
NEA#6912, ISBN: 978-92-64-99175-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2011/csni-r2011-13.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN n° 14 
The way in which nuclear licensees’ organisations are structured and resourced clearly has a potential impact on nuclear safety. As experience has continually demonstrated, operating organisations with a strong training programme for personnel, adequate resourcing and overall effective leadership and management perform more effectively in times of crisis than those lacking in one or more of these areas. In parallel, the nuclear industry is developing new resource deployment strategies which are making increased use of contractors and leading to changes in organisational structure, which in turn create challenges for the continued safe operation of nuclear facilities. This technical opinion paper represents the consensus among human and organisational factor specialists in NEA member and associated countries on the methods, approaches and good practices to be followed in designing an organisation with a strong safety focus while meeting business needs. It also considers some of the attributes that an organisation which is effectively managing its resources and capabilities might demonstrate.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers No. 15
Ageing Management of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
English, 40 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#6990, ISBN: 978-92-64-99181-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2012/6990-top-15.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN n° 15 
- Chinese: 核设施安全委员会技术见解报告 No.15 - 核燃料循环设施老化管理 
Managing the ageing of fuel cycle facilities (FCFs) means, as for other nuclear installations, ensuring the availability of required safety functions throughout their service life while taking into account the changes that occur with time and use. This technical opinion paper identifies a set of good practices by benchmarking strategies and good practices on coping with physical ageing and obsolescence from the facility design stage until decommissioning. It should be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators, fuel cycle facilities operators and fuel cycle researchers.
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Challenges in Long-term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants
Implications for Regulatory Bodies
English, 32 pages, published: 09/21/12
NEA#7074, ISBN: 978-92-64-99187-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2012/cnra-r2012-5.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Défis de l'exploitation à long terme des centrales nucléaires 
Nuclear power reactors have become a major source of electricity supply in many countries and, based on the experience of safe and reliable operation, many operators have sought and received authorisation for long-term operation beyond the period assumed in the plant’s design. Acceptance of a nuclear power plant for long-term operation must be based on evidence that the plant will operate safely over the extended period of service. This requires an assessment of the current and projected condition of the plant and, in particular, of the systems that perform fundamental safety functions, to ensure that these systems will continue to perform their safety functions during the extended operating period. Programmes for long-term operation must be informed by operating experience and must also consider and assess environmental impacts.
This guidance document is intended to assist regulatory organisations in assessing and approving the long-term operation safety assessments submitted by operators. It outlines the fundamental principles that should govern decisions on authorisation for long-term operation. It also describes regulatory challenges and considerations that may arise in an assessment of a plant for long-term operation.
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Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin
Chemical Thermodynamics Volume 12
English, 644 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#6354, ISBN: 978-92-64-99206-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/pubs/tin.pdf
This volume is the 12th in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) "Chemical Thermodynamics" series. It is based on a critical review of the thermodynamic properties of tin, its solid compounds and aqueous complexes, carried out as part of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project Phase III (TDB III). The database system developed at the OECD/NEA Data Bank ensures consistency not only within the recommended data sets of tin, but also among all the data sets published in the series. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.
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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for Nuclear Reactor Safety Applications
Workshop Proceedings, CFD4NRS-3, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, 14-16 September 2010
English, published: 03/22/12
NEA#7076
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/csni/cfd/workshops/CFD4NRS-3/
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is increasingly being adopted in nuclear reactor safety (NRS) analyses as a tool which enables a better description of specific safety-relevant phenomena occurring in nuclear reactors. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) has in recent years conducted important activities in the CFD area, including the organisation of three workshops. The CFD4NRS-3 workshop was the third in the series and was held in Bethesda, Maryland, USA on 14-16 September 2010. A total of 200 experts participated. These proceedings contain the 4 keynote lectures, including the synthesis of results for the Tee-junction Benchmark, and the 57 technical papers presented at the workshop.
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Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: National Commitment, Local and Regional Involvement
A Collective Statement of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Radioactive Waste Management Committee Adopted March 2012
English, 24 pages, published: 07/18/12
NEA#7082, ISBN: 978-92-64-99183-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7082-geo-disposal-statement.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs : Engagement national, participation locale et régionale 
Disposal in engineered facilities built in stable, deep geological formations is the reference solution for permanently isolating long-lived radioactive waste from the human biosphere. This management method is designed to be intrinsically safe and final, meaning that it is not dependent on human presence or intervention in order to fulfil its safety goal. Selecting the site of a waste repository brings up a range of issues involving scientific knowledge, technical capacity, ethical values, territorial planning, community well-being and more. Bringing to fruition the multi-decade task of siting and developing a repository demands a strong national commitment and significant regional and local involvement.
This collective statement by the Radioactive Waste Management Committee of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency recognises the advances made towards greater transparency and dialogue among the diverse stakeholders concerned and identifies the fundamental elements needed to support national commitment and to foster territorial involvement. It concludes that technical and societal partners can develop shared confidence in the safety of geological repositories and jointly carry these projects forward.
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Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous Recycling of Transuranics in Fast Nuclear Reactors
English, 92 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#7077, ISBN: 978-92-64-99177-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2012/7077-hvh-recycling-transuranics-fnr.pdf
Fuel transuranics (TRU) multi-recycling is a mandatory feature if both the resource sustainability and the waste minimisation objectives for future fuel cycles are to be pursued. The resulting TRU transmutation can be implemented in fast neutron spectrum reactors according to two main options commonly referred to as the homogeneous and heterogeneous modes.

In this study, the two alternatives have been compared in terms of reactor core feasibility, fuel development and impact on the fuel cycle. The multi-criteria analysis indicates that there are major challenges in minor actinide-loaded fuel development, its experimental validation and possibly in its reprocessing. Both modes of recycling have an impact on the overall fuel cycle, even if at different stages, for example complex target fabrication and handling in the case of heterogeneous recycling and full core fuel fabrication in the case of homogeneous recycling. The study finds that an economic evaluation according to specific implementation scenarios should still be undertaken.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments
September 2011
English, published: 03/26/12
NEA#7038, ISBN: 978-92-64-99163-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/handbook.html
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP), originally initiated at the national level by the US Department of Energy in 1992, became an official activity of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995.

This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirement and placement. Many of the specifications are also useful for nuclear data testing. Example calculations are presented; these calculations do not, however, constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data.

The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data are presented in nine volumes, containing over 58 000 pages and 533 evaluations with benchmark specifications for 4 552 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 24 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 200 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.

New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for the GROTESQUE: Complex Geometric Arrangement of Unreflected HEU (93.15) Metal Pieces experiment (see front cover) that was performed by John T. Mihalczo at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Critical Experiment Facility in June 1964.
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (DVD)
English, published: 12/31/12
NEA#7080, ISBN: 978-92-64-99192-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/handbook.html
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP), originally initiated at the national level by the US Department of Energy in 1992, became an official activity of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in 1995.
This handbook contains criticality safety benchmark specifications that have been derived from experiments performed at various critical facilities around the world. The benchmark specifications are intended for use by criticality safety engineers to validate calculation techniques used to establish minimum subcritical margins for operations with fissile material and to determine criticality alarm requirement and placement. Many of the specifications are also useful for nuclear data testing. Example calculations are presented; these calculations do not, however, constitute a validation of the codes or cross-section data.
The evaluated criticality safety benchmark data are presented in nine volumes, containing over 65 000 pages and 549 evaluations with benchmark specifications for over 4 700 critical, near-critical or subcritical configurations, 24 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each, and 200 configurations that have been categorised as fundamental physics measurements that are relevant to criticality safety applications.
New to the handbook are benchmark specifications for the Water-moderated Square-pitched U(6.90)O2 Fuel Rod Lattices with 0.67 Fuel-to-water Ratio experiments (see front cover) that were performed by a team of experimenters at Sandia National Laboratories between 2009 and 2012.
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International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) of Nuclear Installations
English, 192 pages, published: 03/02/12
NEA#7088, ISBN: 978-92-64-99173-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/ISDC-nuclear-installations.pdf
Cost estimation for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities can vary considerably in format, content and practice both within and across countries. These differences may have legitimate reasons but make the process of reviewing estimates complicated and the estimates themselves difficult to defend. Hence, the joint initiative of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Commission (EC) was undertaken to propose a standard itemisation of decommissioning costs either directly for the production of cost estimates or for mapping estimates onto a standard, common structure for purposes of comparison. This report updates the earlier itemisation published in 1999 and takes into account experience accumulated thus far. The revised cost itemisation structure has sought to ensure that all costs within the planned scope of a decommissioning project may be reflected. The report also provides general guidance on developing a decommissioning cost estimate, including detailed advice on using the structure.
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JEFF 3.1.2
Joint Evaluated Nuclear Data Library for Fission and Fusion Applications February 2012
English, published: 04/19/12
NEA#7111
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/jeff
The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion File is an evaluated library produced through international collaboration among Data Bank member countries co-ordinated by the NEA Data Bank. As of February 2012, JEFF 3.1.2 is the latest update of the general purpose neutron data library.

This DVD contains:
• General purpose incident neutron data in ENDF-6 and ACE formats
• Activation data
• Thermal scattering data
• Incident proton data
• Radioactive decay data
• Neutron-induced fission yields data
• Spontaneous fission yields data
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Janis 3.4
A Java-based Nuclear Data Display Program
English, published: 08/21/12
NEA#7116
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/tools/abstract/detail/nea-1760/
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Japan's Compensation System for Nuclear Damage
As Related to the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident
English, 244 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#7089, ISBN: 978-92-64-99200-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/fukushima/7089-fukushima-compensation-system-pp.pdf
Following the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, extraordinary efforts were undertaken in Japan to implement a compensation scheme for the proper and efficient indemnification of the affected victims. This publication provides English translations of key Japanese legislative and administrative texts and other implementing guidance, as well as several commentaries by Japanese experts in the field of third party nuclear liability.

The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has prepared this publication in co-operation with the government of Japan to share Japan’s recent experience in implementing its nuclear liability and compensation regime. The material presented in the publication should provide valuable insights for those wishing to better understand the regime applied to compensate the victims of the accident and for those working on potential improvements in national regimes and the international framework for third party nuclear liability.
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Main Benefits from 30 Years of Joint Projects in Nuclear Safety
English, 132 pages, published: 05/04/12
NEA#7073, ISBN: 978-92-64-99171-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2012/nea7073-30-years-joint-safety-projects.pdf
One of the major achievements of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the knowledge it has helped to generate through the organisation of joint international research projects. Such projects, primarily in the areas of nuclear safety and radioactive waste management, enable interested countries, on a cost-sharing basis, to pursue research or the sharing of data with respect to particular areas or issues. Over the years, more than 30 joint projects have been conducted with wide participation of member countries.
The purpose of this report is to describe the achievements of the OECD/NEA joint projects on nuclear safety research that have been carried out over the past three decades, with a particular focus on thermal-hydraulics, fuel behaviour and severe accidents. It shows that the resolution of specific safety issues in these areas has greatly benefited from the joint projects’ activities and results. It also highlights the added value of international co-operation for maintaining unique experimental infrastructure, preserving skills and generating new knowledge.
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Methods for Safety Assessment of Geological Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste
Outcomes of the NEA MeSA Initiative
English, 240 pages, published: 06/21/12
NEA#6923, ISBN: 978-92-64-99190-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/nea6923-MESA-initiative.pdf
Safety assessment is an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the scientific understanding and performance assessment of safety functions as well as the hazards associated with a geological disposal facility. It forms a central part of the safety case, and the results of the safety assessments provide evidence to support decision making. The goals of the NEA project on “Methods for Safety Assessment for Geological Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste” (MeSA) were to examine and document methods used in safety assessment for radioactive waste disposal facilities, to generate collective views based on the methods’ similarities and differences, and to identify future work. The project reviewed a number of approaches used by various national and international organisations. Following the comprehensive review, a generic safety case with a safety assessment flowchart was developed and is presented herein. The elaboration of the safety concept, the use of safety functions, the implication of uncertainties and the formulation of scenarios are also discussed.
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NEA News Vol. 30.1
English, 32 pages, published: 07/17/12
NEA#7096, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2012/30-1/nea-news-30-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 30.1 
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Nuclear Education and Training: From Concern to Capability
English, 200 pages, published: 04/12/12
NEA#6979, ISBN: 978-92-64-17637-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2012/6979-nuclear-education.pdf
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) first published in 2000 Nuclear Education and Training: Cause for Concern?, which highlighted significant issues in the availability of human resources for the nuclear industry. Ten years on, Nuclear Education and Training: From Concern to Capability considers what has changed in that time and finds that, while some countries have taken positive actions, in a number of others human resources could soon be facing serious challenges in coping with existing and potential new nuclear facilities. This is exacerbated by the increasing rate of retirement as the workforce ages. This report provides a qualitative characterisation of human resource needs and appraises instruments and programmes in nuclear education and training initiated by various stakeholders in different countries. In this context, it also examines the current and future uses of nuclear research facilities for education and training purposes. Regarding the nuclear training component of workforce competence, it outlines a job taxonomy which could be a basis for addressing the needs of workers across this sector. It presents the taxonomy as a way of enhancing mutual recognition and increasing consistency of education and training for both developed and developing countries.
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Nuclear Education and Training: From Concern to Capability – Executive Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 12/01/12
NEA#7135
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2012/nuclear-edu-training-ex.pdf
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) first published in 2000 Nuclear Education and Training: Cause for Concern?, which highlighted significant issues in the availability of human resources for the nuclear industry. Ten years on, Nuclear Education and Training: From Concern to Capability considers what has changed in that time and finds that, while some countries have taken positive actions, in a number of others human resources could soon be facing serious challenges in coping with existing and potential new nuclear facilities. This is exacerbated by the increasing rate of retirement as the workforce ages. This report provides a qualitative characterisation of human resource needs and appraises instruments and programmes in nuclear education and training initiated by various stakeholders in different countries. In this context, it also examines the current and future uses of nuclear research facilities for education and training purposes. Regarding the nuclear training component of workforce competence, it outlines a job taxonomy which could be a basis for addressing the needs of workers across this sector. It presents the taxonomy as a way of enhancing mutual recognition and increasing consistency of education and training for both developed and developing countries.
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Nuclear Education and Training: From Concern to Capability – Executive Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 04/04/12
NEA#7112
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2012/nuclear-edu-training-ex.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Enseignement et formation dans le domaine nucléaire : moins d'inquiétudes, plus de compétences – Synthèse 
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) first published in 2000 Nuclear Education and Training: Cause for Concern?, which highlighted significant issues in the availability of human resources for the nuclear industry. Ten years on, Nuclear Education and Training: From Concern to Capability considers what has changed in that time and finds that, while some countries have taken positive actions, in a number of others human resources could soon be facing serious challenges in coping with existing and potential new nuclear facilities. This is exacerbated by the increasing rate of retirement as the workforce ages. This report provides a qualitative characterisation of human resource needs and appraises instruments and programmes in nuclear education and training initiated by various stakeholders in different countries. In this context, it also examines the current and future uses of nuclear research facilities for education and training purposes. Regarding the nuclear training component of workforce competence, it outlines a job taxonomy which could be a basis for addressing the needs of workers across this sector. It presents the taxonomy as a way of enhancing mutual recognition and increasing consistency of education and training for both developed and developing countries.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2012/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2012
Bilingual, 84 pages, published: 09/24/12
NEA#7058, ISBN: 978-92-64-17785-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2012/7058-BB-2012.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of statistics and country reports documenting the status of nuclear power in the OECD area. Information provided by member country governments includes statistics on installed generating capacity, total electricity produced by all sources and by nuclear power, nuclear energy policies, fuel cycle developments, and projected generating capacity and electricity production to 2035, where available. Following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011, total nuclear generating capacity and electricity generation declined, principally because of the permanent shutdown of 12 reactors (8 in Germany and 4 in Japan) and the prolonged shutdown of reactors in Japan. The Fukushima Daiichi accident also prompted safety reviews of existing nuclear facilities and led some governments to adopt nuclear phase-out plans. Other governments remained committed to maintaining nuclear power in the energy mix, in some cases pursuing plans to either increase nuclear generating capacity or, as in the cases of Poland and Turkey, to add nuclear generating capacity for the first time. Further details on these and other developments are provided in the publication’s numerous tables, graphs and country reports.
This publication contains “Statlinks”. For each StatLink the reader will find a url which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, la compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire, présentent des informations communiquées par les gouvernements des pays membres de l'OCDE sur la puissance nucléaire installée, la production d’électricité totale et nucléaire, les politiques nucléaires, les évolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que, quand elles sont disponibles, des projections jusqu'en 2035 de la puissance nucléaire et de la production d'électricité. Au lendemain de l’accident survenu dans la centrale de Fukushima Daiichi en mars 2011, la puissance installée et la production du parc nucléaire global ont décliné, principalement du fait de la mise hors service de 12 réacteurs (8 en Allemagne et 4 au Japon) et de l’arrêt prolongé d’autres réacteurs au Japon. Cet accident a conduit à réaliser des évaluations de la sûreté des installations et incité certains pays à adopter des plans de sortie du nucléaire. D’autres, en revanche, restent déterminés à conserver le nucléaire dans leur bouquet énergétique, voire à s’équiper de tranches supplémentaires ou, comme la Pologne et la Turquie, de leur premier réacteur de puissance. Le lecteur trouvera de plus amples informations sur ces évolutions et d’autres développements dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports nationaux que contient cet ouvrage.
Cette publication contient des « StatLinks ». Fonctionnant comme un lien internet, un StatLink fournit l'accès à la feuille de calcul correspondante.
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Nuclear Energy Today
Second Edition
English, 120 pages, published: 12/21/12
NEA#6885, ISBN: 978-92-64-99204-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/nuclearenergytoday/6885-nuclear-energy-today.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui 
Meeting the growing demand for energy, and electricity in particular, while addressing the need to curb greenhouse gas emissions and to ensure security of energy supply, is one of the most difficult challenges facing the world’s economies. No single technology can respond to this challenge, and the solution which policy-makers are seeking lies in the diversification of energy sources.

Although nuclear energy currently provides over 20% of electricity in the OECD area and does not emit any carbon dioxide during production, it continues to be seen by many as a controversial technology. Public concern remains over its safety and the management of radioactive waste, and financing such a capital-intensive technology is a complex issue. The role that nuclear power will play in the future depends on the answers to these questions, several of which are provided in this up-to-date review of the status of nuclear energy, as well as on the outcome of research and development on the nuclear fuel cycle and reactor technologies.
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Nuclear Energy and Renewables
System Effects in Low-carbon Electricity Systems
English, 252 pages, published: 11/09/12
NEA#7056, ISBN: 978-92-64-18851-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2012/7056-system-effects.pdf
This report addresses the increasingly important interactions of variable renewables and dispatchable energy technologies, such as nuclear power, in terms of their effects on electricity systems. These effects add costs to the production of electricity, which are not usually transparent. The report recommends that decision-makers should take into account such system costs and internalise them according to a “generator pays” principle, which is currently not the case. Analysing data from six OECD/NEA countries, the study finds that including the system costs of variable renewables at the level of the electricity grid increases the total costs of electricity supply by up to one-third, depending on technology, country and penetration levels. In addition, it concludes that, unless the current market subsidies for renewables are altered, dispatchable technologies will increasingly not be replaced as they reach their end of life and consequently security of supply will suffer. This implies that significant changes in management and cost allocation will be needed to generate the flexibility required for an economically viable coexistence of nuclear energy and renewables in increasingly decarbonised electricity systems.
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Nuclear Energy and Renewables – Executive Summary
System Effects in Low-carbon Electricity Systems
English, 16 pages, published: 11/05/12
NEA#7066
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2012/system-effects-exec-sum.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Énergies nucléaire et renouvelables – Synthèse 
This report addresses the increasingly important interactions of variable renewables and dispatchable energy technologies, such as nuclear power, in terms of their effects on electricity systems. These effects add costs to the production of electricity, which are not usually transparent. The report recommends that decision-makers should take into account such system costs and internalise them according to a “generator pays” principle, which is currently not the case. Analysing data from six OECD/NEA countries, the study finds that including the system costs of variable renewables at the level of the electricity grid increases the total costs of electricity supply by up to one-third, depending on technology, country and penetration levels. In addition, it concludes that, unless the current market subsidies for renewables are altered, dispatchable technologies will increasingly not be replaced as they reach their end of life and consequently security of supply will suffer. This implies that significant changes in management and cost allocation will be needed to generate the flexibility required for an economically viable coexistence of nuclear energy and renewables in increasingly decarbonised electricity systems.
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Nuclear Fuel Safety Criteria Technical Review
Second Edition
English, 80 pages, published: 09/14/12
NEA#7072, ISBN: 978-92-64-99178-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2012/nea7072-fuel-safety-criteria.pdf
Most of the current nuclear fuel safety criteria were established during the 1960s and early 1970s. Although these criteria were validated against experiments with fuel designs available at that time, a number of tests were based on unirradiated fuels. Additional verification was performed as these designs evolved, but mostly with the aim of showing that the new designs adequately complied with existing criteria, and not to establish new limits.

In 1996, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) reviewed existing fuel safety criteria, focusing on new fuel and core designs, new cladding materials and industry manufacturing processes. The results were published in the Nuclear Fuel Safety Criteria Technical Review of 2001. The NEA has since re-examined the criteria. A brief description of each criterion and its rationale are presented in this second edition, which will be of interest to both regulators and industry (fuel vendors, utilities).
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 88 (December 2011)
Volume 2011/2
English, published: 01/25/12
NEA#7001, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb88.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 88 (Décembre 2011) 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include "The status of radioactive waste repository development in the United States", "The Radioactive Waste Directive: a necessary step in the management of spent fuel and radioactive waste in the European Union", "The continuing role of item-specific agreements in the IAEA safeguards system" and "Fukushima: liability and compensation".
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 89
Volume 2012/1
English, 240 pages, published: 07/03/12
NEA#7090, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb89.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 89 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include: "Global nuclear law in the making? Joint exercise of public powers in the nuclear field: the case of the revision of the International Basic Safety Standards", "Italian decommissioning in the post-referendum era", "Through the looking glass: placing India’s new civil liability regime for nuclear damage in context" and "Legal aspects of the control and repression of illicit trafficking of nuclear and other radioactive materials".
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 90
Volume 2012/2
English, 284 pages, published: 03/22/13
NEA#7092, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb90.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 90 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.
Feature articles in this issue include: "A common high standard for nuclear power plant exports: overview and analysis of the Nuclear Power Plant Exporters’ Principles of Conduct"; "The MCP Altona incident: the Canadian regulatory response and framework for the export of uranium"; "Conflict of law issues related to Switzerland’s participation in the Paris Nuclear Third Party Liability Regime"; and "The impact of the Additional Protocol and Strengthened Safeguards: effects on the International Atomic Energy Agency and on states".
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Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experience
from the IAEA/NEA International Reporting System for Operating Experience: 2009-2011
English, 60 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#7120, ISBN: 978-92-64-99193-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2012/7120-iaea-nea-irs-2009-2011.pdf
The application of lessons learnt from the International Reporting System for Operating Experience (IRS) is an essential element for enhancing the safe operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) throughout the world. The IRS provides a mechanism for the exchange of information related to the incident, actions taken, root cause analysis and lessons learnt. This feedback on how to adequately remedy, or avoid, possible challenges and precursors is of paramount importance to operational safety. The IRS improves international awareness of potential challenges, actual incidents and “precursors” in NPP operations. The heightened awareness generated by feedback from operating experience has resulted in numerous improvements to equipment, procedures and training in many NPPs. The application of operational feedback also benefits the design of the next generation of NPPs. Operating experience has demonstrated that design modification issues documented in IRS reports can have a significant impact on safety. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
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OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) follow-up to the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident
Extracts from NEA News
English, 16 pages, published: 06/27/12
NEA#6888
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/nea6888-follow-up-fukushima.pdf
The NEA has undertaken a number of activities following the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan. This brochure contains three extracts from NEA News published in the months following the accident: Fukushima (what happened, consequence, follow-up), published June 2011; Fukushima: liability and compensation, published December 2011; and The NEA integrated response to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, published June 2012. Together these extracts allow the reader to understand better the causes, consequences and importance of the NEA’s response to the Fukushima Daiichi accident (2012).
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Reversibility and Retrievability in Planning for Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
Proceedings of the "R&R" International Conference and Dialogue, 14-17 December 2010, Reims, France
English, 236 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#6993, ISBN: 978-92-64-99185-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2012/6993-proceedings-rr-reims.pdf
Deep geological repositories of radioactive waste are designed and licensed based on a model of long-term safety which does not require the active presence of man. During the period of stepwise development of such repositories, reversibility of decisions and retrievability of the waste are widely thought to be beneficial. Reversibility and retrievability are not requirements for long-term safety. They are instead about implementing a process that responds to ethical and precautionary obligations without compromising safety. How are the concepts of reversibility and retrievability understood in the various nuclear countries? How do they appear in national waste management legislation, regulation and operational programmes, and how can they be implemented?
The “R&R” project of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) culminated in an International Conference and Dialogue on Reversibility and Retrievability in December 2010. This open meeting brought together regulators, policy makers, elected officials, experts in social sciences, and representatives of civil society and stakeholder groups in addition to waste management professionals. These proceedings include the texts of 50 presentations and the “International Retrievability Scale” – a tool to support dialogue with stakeholders and to help establish a common international framework.
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Reversibility of Decisions and Retrievability of Radioactive Waste
Considerations for National Geological Disposal Programmes
English, 28 pages, published: 03/09/12
NEA#7085, ISBN: 978-92-64-99169-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7085-reversibility.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Réversibilité des décisions et récupérabilité des déchets radioactifs 
The most widely adopted solution for the definitive management of high-level radioactive waste involves its emplacement in deep geological repositories whose safety should not depend on the active presence of man. In this context, national programmes are considering whether and how to incorporate the concepts of reversibility of decisions and retrievability of waste, including to what extent retrieval can or should be facilitated at the design stage of a repository, and if so over what timescales.
This brochure delivers the key findings and observations of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) project on reversibility and retrievability conducted from 2007 to 2011 with the participation of 15 countries and 2 international organisations. It outlines the activities undertaken and points to further resources. While focused on deep geological disposal, the pragmatic and precise information provided may also be pertinent to sub-surface disposal and to decision-making processes more generally. This brochure, and related project documents, will be of interest to technical and policy professionals and civil society stakeholders concerned with radioactive waste disposal.
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Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS-2)
Workshop Proceedings, Daejon, Republic of Korea, 31 August-3 September 2010
English, 444 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#6896, ISBN: 978-92-64-99209-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2012/6896-smins-korea-proceedings.pdf
Materials research is a field of growing relevance for innovative nuclear systems, such as Generation IV reactors, critical and sub-critical transmutation systems and fusion devices. For these different systems, structural materials are selected or developed taking into account the specificities of their foreseen operational environment. Since 2007, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has begun organising a series of workshops on Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS) in order to provide a forum to exchange information on current materials research programmes for different innovative nuclear systems. These proceedings include the papers of the second workshop (SMINS-2) which was held in Daejon, Republic of Korea on 31 August-3 September 2010, and hosted by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI).
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The Economics of Long-term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants
English, 114 pages, published: 12/19/12
NEA#7054, ISBN: 978-92-64-99205-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2012/7054-long-term-operation-npps.pdf
Refurbishment and long-term operation (LTO) of existing nuclear power plants (NPPs) today are crucial to the competitiveness of the nuclear industry in OECD countries as existing nuclear power plants produce baseload power at a reliable cost. A number of nuclear power plants, most notably 73 units in the United States (up to 2012), have been granted lifetime extensions of up to 60 years, a development that is being keenly watched in other OECD countries. In many of these (e.g. France, Switzerland), there is no legal end to the operating licence, but continued operation is based on the outcomes of periodic safety reviews.
This study analyses technical and economic data on the upgrade and lifetime extension experience in OECD countries. A multi-criteria assessment methodology is used considering various factors and parameters reflecting current and future financial conditions of operation, political and regulatory risks, the state of the plants’ equipment and the general role of nuclear power in the country’s energy policy.
The report shows that long-term operation of nuclear power plants has significant economic advantages for most utilities envisaging LTO programmes. In most cases, the continued operation of NPPs for at least ten more years is profitable even taking into account the additional costs of post-Fukushima modifications, and remains cost-effective compared to alternative replacement sources.
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The Evolving Role and Image of the Regulator in Radioactive Waste Management
Trends over Two Decades
English, 28 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#7083, ISBN: 978-92-64-99186-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2012/7083-evolving-role-and-image.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Image et rôle de l'autorité de sûreté nucléaire dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs 
In the area of radioactive waste management, the regulator or safety authority has emerged in recent years as a principal actor in the eyes of civil society. This study shows how regulators are increasing their interaction with society while still retaining – or ­reinforcing – their independence and how they play their role within the stepwise ­licensing and decision-making processes now adopted in most countries. Safety is ensured by a “regulatory system”, in which a host of players, including local ­stakeholders, have a vital role to play. The technical regulator has come to be considered as the “people’s expert”, concentrating knowledge useful to local communities as they deliberate the hosting of a waste storage or disposal facility.
This report provides a useful update on the changing role of the regulator as well as insights that will be helpful to the many countries that are considering, or are preparing for, storage or disposal of radioactive waste either in near-surface facilities or deeper underground. While it focuses on the developments in waste management and disposal, the trends it describes are probably relevant throughout the nuclear field.
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The Long-term Radiological Safety of a Surface Disposal Facility for Low-level Waste in Belgium
An International Peer Review of Key Aspects of ONDRAF/NIRAS' Safety Report of November 2011 in Preparation for the License Application
English, 100 pages, published: 10/08/12
NEA#7086, ISBN: 978-92-64-99196-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7086-Belgian-peer-review.pdf
An important activity of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in the field of radioactive waste management is the organisation of independent, international peer reviews of national studies and projects. This report provides an international peer review of the long-term safety strategy and assessment being developed by the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, ONDRAF/NIRAS, as part of the licence application for the construction and operation of a surface disposal facility for short-lived, low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste in the municipality of Dessel, Belgium. The review was carried out by an International Review Team comprised of seven international specialists, all of whom were free of conflict of interest and chosen to bring complementary expertise to the review. To be accessible to both specialist and non-specialist readers, the review findings are provided at several levels of detail.
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The Post-closure Radiological Safety Case for a Spent Fuel Repository in Sweden
An International Peer Review of the SKB License-application Study of March 2011
English, 156 pages, published: 07/05/12
NEA#7084, ISBN: 978-92-64-99191-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2012/nea7084-peer-review-sweden.pdf
Sweden is at the forefront among countries developing plans for a deep geological repository of highly radioactive waste. There is no such repository in operation yet worldwide, but Sweden, Finland and France are approaching the licensing stage. At the request of the Swedish government, the NEA organised an international peer review of the post-closure radiological safety case produced by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) in support of the application for a general licence to construct and operate a spent nuclear fuel geological repository in the municipality of Östhammar. The purpose of the review was to help the Swedish government, the public and relevant organisations by providing an international reference regarding the maturity of SKB’s spent fuel disposal programme vis-à-vis best practices in long-term disposal safety and radiological protection. The International Review Team (IRT) consisted of ten international specialists, who were free of conflict of interest with the SKB and brought complementary expertise to the review. This report provides the background and findings of the international peer review. The review’s findings are presented at several levels of detail in order to be accessible to both specialist and non-specialist readers.
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The Role of Nuclear Energy in a Low-carbon Energy Future
English, 92 pages, published: 06/18/12
NEA#6887, ISBN: 978-92-64-99189-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2012/nea6887-role-nuclear-low-carbon.pdf
This report assesses the role that nuclear energy can play in supporting the transition to a low-carbon energy system. It begins by considering the greenhouse gas emissions from the full nuclear fuel cycle, reviewing recent studies on indirect emissions and assessing the impact that nuclear power could make in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The report provides estimates of the construction rates that would be needed to meet the projected expansion of nuclear power foreseen by many energy scenarios published by international organisations. It then assesses the economic, technical, societal and institutional challenges represented by such an expansion to identify the most significant barriers. The capacity of nuclear power plants to operate in an electricity system with a large share of renewables, and the impact of smart grid technologies are also examined. Finally, long-term prospects for nuclear energy are discussed in terms of development of new reactor and fuel cycle technologies, non-electric applications and new operational and regulatory constraints that could arise as a consequence of climate change.
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The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes
Market Impacts of Converting to Low-enriched Uranium Targets for Medical Isotope Production
English, 64 pages, published: 12/18/12
NEA#7129, ISBN: 978-92-64-99197-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2012/7129-leu.pdf
The reliable supply of molybdenum-99 (99Mo) and its decay product, technetium-99m (99mTc), is a vital component of modern medical diagnostic practices. At present, most of the global production of 99Mo is from highly enriched uranium (HEU) targets. However, all major 99Mo-producing countries have recently agreed to convert to using low-enriched uranium (LEU) targets to advance important non-proliferation goals, a decision that will have implications for the global supply chain of 99Mo/99mTc and the long-term supply reliability of these medical isotopes.
This study provides the findings and analysis from an extensive examination of the 99Mo/99mTc supply chain by the OECD/NEA High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (HLG-MR). It presents a comprehensive evaluation of the potential impacts of converting to the use of LEU targets for 99Mo production on the global 99Mo/99mTc market in terms of costs and available production capacity, and the corresponding implications for long-term supply reliability. In this context, the study also briefly discusses the need for policy action by governments in their efforts to ensure a stable and secure long-term supply of 99Mo/99mTc.
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Thermodynamic Sorption Modelling in Support of Radioactive Waste Disposal Safety Cases
NEA Sorption Project Phase III
English, 152 pages, published: 05/04/12
NEA#6914, ISBN: 978-92-64-17781-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2013/6914-sorption-III.pdf
A central safety function of radioactive waste disposal repositories is the prevention or sufficient retardation of radionuclide migration to the biosphere. Performance assessment exercises in various countries, and for a range of disposal scenarios, have demonstrated that one of the most important processes providing this safety function is the sorption of radionuclides along potential migration paths beyond the engineered barriers. Thermodynamic sorption models (TSMs) are key for improving confidence in assumptions made about such radionuclide sorption when preparing a repository's safety case. This report presents guidelines for TSM development as well as their application in repository performance assessments. They will be of particular interest to the sorption modelling community and radionuclide migration modellers in developing safety cases for radioactive waste disposal.
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Trends towards Sustainability in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Executive Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 01/16/12
NEA#7069
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2011/trends-nuclear-fuel-cycle-ex.pdf
Interest in expanding nuclear power to cope with rising demand for energy and potential climate change places increased attention on the nuclear fuel cycle and whether significant moves are being taken towards ensuring sustainability over the long term. Future nuclear power programme decisions will be increasingly based on strategic considerations involving the complete nuclear fuel cycle, as illustrated by the international joint projects for Generation IV reactors. Currently, 90% of installed reactors worldwide operate on a once-through nuclear fuel cycle using uranium-oxide fuel. While closing the fuel cycle has been a general aim for several decades, progress towards that goal has been slow. This report reviews developments in the fuel cycle over the past ten years, potential developments over the next decade and the outlook for the longer term. It analyses technological developments and government actions (both nationally and internationally) related to the fuel cycle, and examines these within a set of sustainability parameters in order to identify trends and to make recommendations for further actions.
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Uranium 2011: Resources, Production and Demand
English, 488 pages, published: 07/26/12
NEA#7059, ISBN: 978-92-64-17803-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2012/7059-uranium-2011.pdf
In the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, questions are being raised about the future of the uranium market, including as regards the number of reactors expected to be built in the coming years, the amount of uranium required to meet forward demand, the adequacy of identified uranium resources to meet that demand and the ability of the sector to meet reactor requirements in a challenging investment climate. This 24th edition of the ?Red Book?, a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, provides analyses and information from 42 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions. It offers a comprehensive review of world uranium supply and demand as well as data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It also provides substantive new information on established uranium production centres around the world and in countries developing production centres for the first time. Projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through 2035, incorporating policy changes following the Fukushima accident, are also featured, along with an analysis of long-term uranium supply and demand issues.
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Uranium 2011: Resources, Production and Demand – Executive Summary
English, 8 pages, published: 11/01/12
NEA#7123
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2012/uranium-2011-exec-summary.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 2011 : Ressources, production et demande – Synthèse 
- Russian: Yран 2011: запасы, добыча и спрос – Краткий обзор 
In the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident, questions are being raised about the future of the uranium market, including as regards the number of reactors expected to be built in the coming years, the amount of uranium required to meet forward demand, the adequacy of identified uranium resources to meet that demand and the ability of the sector to meet reactor requirements in a challenging investment climate. This 24th edition of the “Red Book”, a recognised world reference on uranium jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, provides analyses and information from 42 producing and consuming countries in order to address these and other questions. It offers a comprehensive review of world uranium supply and demand as well as data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It also provides substantive new information on established uranium production centres around the world and in countries developing production centres for the first time. Projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related requirements through 2035, incorporating policy changes following the Fukushima accident, are also featured, along with an analysis of long-term uranium supply and demand issues.

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2010 NEA Annual Report
English, 52 pages, published: 04/22/11
NEA#7005, ISBN: 978-92-64-99159-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2010/AR2010-E.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2010 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Assessment of the Unresolved Resonance Treatment for Cross-section and Covariance Representation
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 32
English, published: 10/07/11
NEA#7042
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume32/volume32.pdf
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers – No. 13
LOCA Criteria Basis and Test Methodology
English, 40 pages, published: 09/21/11
NEA#6986, ISBN: 978-92-64-99154-5
Volume of the series: Nuclear Safety
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2011/csni-r2011-7.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN – n° 13 
Acceptance criteria for emergency core cooling systems (ECCS) define the maximum temperature and degree of oxidation in order to avoid excessive embrittlement and hence failure of the fuel cladding, which would affect core cooling in the case of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). The criteria are mainly based on experimental data obtained in the 1970s-80s. Several types of tests have been performed to evaluate structural integrity and embrittlement of the cladding under LOCA conditions, and consequently different test methodologies have been used for determining the cladding embrittlement criteria. The current trend towards high burn-up and the use of new cladding alloys has increased the need for international discussions on these test methodologies and acceptance criteria. In response, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Working Group on Fuel Safety produced this technical opinion paper, which should be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators, nuclear power plant operators and fuel researchers.
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Carbon Pricing, Power Markets and the Competitiveness of Nuclear Power
English, 108 pages, published: 07/12/11
NEA#6982, ISBN: 978-92-64-11887-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2011/6982-carbon-pricing.pdf
This study assesses the competitiveness of nuclear power against coal- and gas-fired power generation in liberalised electricity markets with either CO2 trading or carbon taxes. It uses daily price data for electricity, gas, coal and carbon from 2005 to 2010, which encompasses the first years of the European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), the world’s foremost carbon trading framework. The study shows that even with modest carbon pricing, competition for new investment in electricity markets will take place between nuclear energy and gas-fired power generation, with coal-fired power struggling to be profitable. The outcome of the competition between nuclear and gas-fired generation hinges, in addition to carbon pricing, on the capital costs for new nuclear power plant construction, gas prices and the profit margins applied. Strong competition in electricity markets reinforces the attractiveness of nuclear energy, as does carbon pricing, in particular when the latter ranges between USD 40 and USD 70 per tonne of CO2. The data and analyses contained in this study provide a robust framework for assessing cost and investment issues in liberalised electricity markets with carbon pricing.
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Carbon Pricing, Power Markets and the Competitiveness of Nuclear Power: Executive Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 08/03/11
NEA#7030
Volume of the series: Nuclear Development
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2011/carbon-pricing-exec-sum-2011.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La tarification du carbone, les marchés de l'électricité et la compétitivité du nucléaire – Synthèse 
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Covariance Data in the Fast Neutron Region
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 24
English, published: 10/07/11
NEA#7040
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume24/volume24.pdf
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Evolution of ICRP Recommendations – 1977, 1990 and 2007
Changes in Underlying Science and Protection Policy and Case Study of their Impact on European and UK Domestic Regulation
English, 115 pages, published: 02/28/11
NEA#6920, ISBN: 978-92-64-99153-8
Volume of the series: Radiation Protection
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2011/6920-icrp-recommendations.pdf
Radiological protection philosophy, regulation and application have evolved significantly over the last 30 years, adapting to the ever-changing landscapes of scientific understanding and societal values. This report provides a methodical assessment of these changes. Starting with radiological protection in the 1970s, it describes the philosophical differences between International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 26, issued in 1977, and ICRP Publication 60, issued in 1990, as well as the regulatory evolution that was necessary to effectively implement the changes. It then examines the philosophical and regulatory changes between ICRP Publication 60 and ICRP Publication 103 of 2007. Although the regulatory changes needed to implement Publication 103 are, in practice, yet to come, the report provides a seasoned view of what these changes will most likely be, and what efforts will be necessary to successfully implement them.
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Executive Summary of the Security of Energy Supply and the Contribution of Nuclear Energy
English, published: 02/08/11
NEA#7019
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/security-energy-exec-summary.pdf
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Experimental Facilities for Sodium Fast Reactor Safety Studies
Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experimental Facilities (TAREF)
English, 144 pages, published: 04/15/11
NEA#6908, ISBN: 978-92-64-99155-2
Volume of the series: Nuclear Safety
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2010/csni-r2010-12.pdf
This report provides an overview of experimental facilities that can be used to carry out nuclear safety research for sodium fast reactors and identifies priorities for organising international co-operative programmes at selected facilities. The information has been collected and analysed by a Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experimental Facilities (TAREF) as part of an ongoing initiative of the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) which aims to define and to implement a strategy for the efficient utilisation of facilities and resources for Generation IV reactor systems.
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Improving Nuclear Regulation
NEA Regulatory Guidance Booklets, Volumes 1-14
English, 270 pages, published: 05/30/11
NEA#6905, ISBN: 978-92-64-99162-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2011/cnra-r2011-10.pdf
A common theme throughout the series of NEA regulatory guidance reports, or “green booklets”, is the premise that the fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that nuclear facilities are continuously maintained and operated in an acceptably safe manner. In meeting this objective the regulator must bear in mind that it is the operator that has responsibility for safely operating the nuclear facility; the role of the regulator is to assess and to provide assurance regarding the operator’s activities in terms of assuming that responsibility.
The full series of these reports was brought together in one edition for the first time in 2009 and was widely found to be a useful resource. This second edition comprises 14 volumes, including the latest on The Nuclear Regulator's Role in Assessing Licensee Oversight of Vendor and Other Contracted Services. The reports address various challenges that could apply throughout the lifetime of a nuclear facility, including design, siting, manufacturing, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning. The compilation is intended to serve as a knowledge management tool both for current regulators and the new nuclear professionals and organisations entering the regulatory field.
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NEA News Vol. 29.1
English, 40 pages, published: 07/05/11
NEA#7007, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2011/29-1/29-1-int-e.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 29.1 
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NEA News Vol. 29.2
English, 32 pages, published: 12/14/11
NEA#7009, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2011/29-2/nea-news-29-2-e.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 29.2 
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Nuclear Energy Data 2011/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2011
Bilingual, 140 pages, published: 10/05/11
NEA#6978, ISBN: 978-92-64-12187-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2011/6978-BB-2011.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of statistics and country reports on nuclear energy, contains official information provided by OECD member country governments on plans for new nuclear plant construction, nuclear fuel cycle developments as well as current and projected nuclear generating capacity to 2035. For the first time, it includes data for Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia, which recently became OECD members. Key elements of this edition show a 2% increase in nuclear and total electricity production and a 0.5% increase in nuclear generating capacity. They also show excess conversion and enrichment capacities in OECD Europe, and insufficient capacity to meet requirements in the North American and Pacific regions. Further details are provided in the publication’s numerous tables, graphs and reports.
This publication contains “Statlinks”. For each StatLink the reader will find a url which leads to the corresponding spreadsheet. These links work in the same way as an Internet link.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, la compilation annuelle de statistiques et de rapports nationaux de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présentent des informations communiquées par les gouvernements des pays membres de l'OCDE sur les projets de construction de centrales nucléaires, les évolutions du cycle du combustible ainsi que la puissance nucléaire installée actuelle et projetée jusqu'en 2035. Cette édition comprend pour la première fois des données sur le Chili, l'Estonie, Israël et la Slovénie qui sont récemment devenus membres de l'OCDE. Des données clés de cette édition montrent une progression de 2 % de la production d'électricité totale et nucléaire et de 0,5 % de la puissance nucléaire installée. Les capacités de conversion et d'enrichissement de l'uranium sont excédentaires dans les pays européens de l'OCDE et insuffisantes dans les pays d'Amérique du Nord et la région Pacifique. Le lecteur trouvera de plus amples détails dans les nombreux tableaux, graphiques et rapports que contient cet ouvrage.
Cette publication inclut des « Statlinks ». Pour chaque StatLink, une adresse internet pointe vers la feuille de calcul correspondante. Cela fonctionne de la même manière qu’un lien internet.
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Nuclear Energy in Perspective: The Path to a Reliable Supply of Medical Radioisotopes
English, 12 pages, published: 06/17/11
NEA#7022
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/news/in-perspective/2011-reliable-supply-medical-radioisotopes.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Perspectives de l'énergie nucléaire : Vers un approvisionnement fiable en radioisotopes à usage médical 
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 87 (June 2011)
Volume 2011/1
English, 110 pages, published: 08/01/11
NEA#6999, ISSN: 0304-341X
Volume of the series: Legal Affairs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb87.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 87 (Juin 2011) 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations. Feature articles in this issue address the 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, Japanese legislation in light of the Fukushima Daiichi accident and the long-term operation of nuclear power plants.
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Potential Benefits and Impacts of Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles with Actinide Partitioning and Transmutation
English, 74 pages, published: 09/29/11
NEA#6894, ISBN: 978-92-64-99165-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2011/6894-benefits-impacts-advanced-fuel.pdf
This report provides a comparative analysis of different studies performed to assess the potential impact of partitioning and transmutation (P&T) on different types of geological repositories for radioactive waste in various licensing and regulatory environments. Criteria, metrics and impact measures have been analysed and compared with the goal of providing an objective comparison of the state of the art to help shape decisions on options for future advanced fuel cycles.
P&T allows a reduction of the inventory of the emplaced materials which can have a significant impact on the repository. Such a reduction can also make the uncertainty about repository performance less important both during normal evolution and in the case of disruptive scenarios. While P&T will never replace the need for waste repositories, it has the potential to significantly improve public perception regarding the ability to effectively manage radioactive waste by largely reducing the transuranic (TRU) waste masses to be stored and, consequently, to improve public acceptance of the geological repositories. Both issues are important for the future sustainability of nuclear power.
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Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management
English, 25 pages, published: 10/04/11
NEA#6994, ISBN: 978-92-64-99166-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2011/6994-practices-stakeholder-involvement-post-emergency.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: 原子力緊急事態の事後管理における ステークホルダー関与の実践と経験 
One of the most important aspects of post-accident consequence management is the involvement of stakeholders: in the planning, preparation and execution as well as in sustaining efforts over the long term. Having recognised the significance of stakeholder participation in several International Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX), the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) decided to organise the Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management Workshop to explore these issues. This summary highlights the key issues discussed during the workshop, which brought together 75 emergency management and communication specialists from 16 countries. In light of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the experience shared during this workshop will be central to further improving national emergency management arrangements.
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Quality Improvement of the EXFOR Database
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 30
English, published: 10/07/11
NEA#7041
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume30/volume30.pdf
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Science and Values in Radiological Protection
Summary of the CRPPH Workshops held in Helsinki (2008) and Vaux-de-Cernay (2009)
English, 84 pages, published: 02/17/11
NEA#6364, ISBN: 978-92-64-99156-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2011/6364-sciences-values-in-rp.pdf
Decisions regarding radiological protection are informed by science, including its uncertainties, influenced by stakeholder concerns, driven by prevailing circumstances, and broadly based on values and judgments. However, the processes by which protection decisions are taken do not always sufficiently articulate the scientific and value-judgment elements on which decisions are based. To assist decision makers at all levels to further clarify the various aspects of their decisions, and to assist scientists and regulators in better understanding each other’s contributions to radiological protection decisions, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has held two workshops addressing science and values in radiological protection. This report summarises the discussions and conclusions of the first two workshops in this innovative series, and suggests the way forward in preparing the discussions at the third science and values workshop.
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Technology and Components of Accelerator-driven Systems
Workshop Proceedings, Karlsruhe, Germany, 15-17 March 2010
English, 442 pages, published: 06/28/11
NEA#6897, ISBN: 978-92-64-11727-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2011/6897-technology-components.pdf
The accelerator-driven system (ADS) is a potential transmutation system option as part of partitioning and transmutation strategies for radioactive waste in advanced nuclear fuel cycles. These proceedings contain all the technical papers presented at the workshop on Technology and Components of Accelerator-driven Systems held on 15-17 March 2010 in Karlsruhe, Germany. The workshop provided experts with a forum to present and discuss state-of-the-art developments in the field of ADS and neutron sources. It included a special session on the EUROTRANS as well as four technical sessions covering current ADS experiments and test facilities, accelerators, neutron sources and subcritical systems.
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The Nuclear Regulator's Role in Assessing Licensee Oversight of Vendor and Other Contracted Services
English, 38 pages, published: 03/31/11
NEA#6910, ISBN: 978-92-64-99157-6
Volume of the series: Nuclear Safety
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2011/cnra-r2011-4.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le rôle de l'autorité de sûreté nucléaire dans l'évaluation de la surveillance par l'exploitant des services sous-traités 
Contracted services are an integral part of the design, construction and operation of a nuclear facility. Changes in the nuclear industry sector, including varied availability of nuclear expertise, the expansion of the international supply market and the introduction of new technologies, have tended to increase licensees’ use of contracted services. These changes have created challenges for licensees and regulators related to the retention of nuclear expertise, the effective management of the interfaces between the licensees and contractors, and the oversight of contractor manufacturing quality in the context of greater multinational diversity. The regulatory body must address these challenges to provide assurance that the licensees maintain their responsibility for the safety of the facilities, regardless of who provides goods and services or where the activities involved in the supply chain take place. This report is intended to assist regulatory bodies in assessing their current practices for the regulatory oversight of licensees’ use of contractors, and adapting them where necessary to meet the evolving situation.
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The Security of Energy Supply and the Contribution of Nuclear Energy: Executive Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 08/03/11
NEA#7029
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/security-energy-exec-summary.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La sécurité d'approvisionnement énergétique et le rôle du nucléaire (Résumé) 
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The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes
The Path to Reliability
English, 170 pages, published: 06/23/11
NEA#6985, ISBN: 978-92-64-99164-4
Volume of the series: Nuclear Development
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/med-radio/reports/med-radio-reliability.pdf
The reliable supply of molybdenum-99 (99Mo) and its decay product, technetium-99m (99mTc), is a vital component of modern medical diagnostic practices. Disruptions in the supply chain of these radioisotopes can delay or prevent important medical testing services. Unfortunately, supply reliability has declined over the past decade, due to unexpected or extended shutdowns at the few ageing, 99Mo-producing, research reactors and processing facilities. These shutdowns have recently created global supply shortages.

This report provides the findings and analysis of two years of extensive examination of the 99Mo/99mTc supply chain by the OECD/NEA High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes (HLG-MR). It puts forth a comprehensive policy approach that would help ensure long-term supply security of 99Mo/99mTc, detailing the essential steps to be taken by governments, industry and the health community to address the vulnerabilities of the supply chain, including its economic structure.
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Trends towards Sustainability in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
English, 184 pages, published: 12/21/11
NEA#6980, ISBN: 978-92-64-16810-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2011/6980-trends-fuel-cycle.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers un cycle du combustible nucléaire durable : Évolution et tendances 
Interest in expanding nuclear power to cope with rising demand for energy and potential climate change places increased attention on the nuclear fuel cycle and whether significant moves are being taken towards ensuring sustainability over the long term. Future nuclear power programme decisions will be increasingly based on strategic considerations involving the complete nuclear fuel cycle, as illustrated by the international joint projects for Generation IV reactors. Currently, 90% of installed reactors worldwide operate on a once-through nuclear fuel cycle using uranium-oxide fuel. While closing the fuel cycle has been a general aim for several decades, progress towards that goal has been slow. This report reviews developments in the fuel cycle over the past ten years, potential developments over the next decade and the outlook for the longer term. It analyses technological developments and government actions (both nationally and internationally) related to the fuel cycle, and examines these within a set of sustainability parameters in order to identify trends and to make recommendations for further actions.
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Uranium-235 Capture Cross-section in the keV to MeV Energy Region
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 29
English, published: 10/07/11
NEA#7043
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume29/volume29.pdf

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2009 NEA Annual Report
English, 52 pages, published: 04/27/10
NEA#6931, ISBN: 978-92-64-99126-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2009/AR2009-EN.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2009 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation + CD-ROM
Tenth Information Exchange Meeting, Mito, Japan, 6-10 October 2008
English, 454 pages, published: 02/08/10
NEA#6420, ISBN: 978-92-64-99097-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2010/nea6420-actinide10th.html
For the successful deployment of the advanced fuel cycle, it is important to apply partitioning and transmutation (P&T) technologies to radioactive waste management. In order to provide experts with a forum to present and to discuss the latest developments in partitioning and transmutation, the NEA has organised, since 1990, a series of biennial information exchange meetings on actinide and fission product P&T.

These proceedings contain all the technical papers and posters presented at the 10th Information Exchange Meeting, which was held on 6-10 October 2008 in Mito, Japan. The meeting addressed the following technical issues: the impact of P&T on waste management and geological disposal; transmutation fuels and targets; partitioning, waste forms and management; materials, spallation targets and coolants; transmutation physics experiments and nuclear data; and transmutation systems design, performance and safety.
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Applying Decommissioning Experience to the Design and Operation of New Nuclear Power Plants
English, 56 pages, published: 04/21/10
NEA#6924, ISBN: 978-92-64-99118-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6924-applying-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Intégration du retour d'expérience du démantèlement à la conception et l'exploitation des futures centrales nucléaires 
Experience from decommissioning projects suggests that the decommissioning of nuclear power plants could be made easier if it received greater consideration at the design stage and during the operation of the plants. Better forward planning for decommissioning results in lower worker doses and reduced costs. When appropriate design measures are not taken at an early stage, their introduction later in the project becomes increasingly difficult. Hence, their early consideration may lead to smoother and more effective decommissioning.

It is now common practice to provide a preliminary decommissioning plan as part of the application for a licence to operate a nuclear facility. This means, in turn, that decommissioning issues are being considered during the design process. Although many design provisions aiming at improved operation and maintenance will be beneficial for decommissioning as well, designers also need to consider issues that are specific to decommissioning, such as developing sequential dismantling sequences and providing adequate egress routes. These issues and more are discussed in this report.
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Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (TT) Benchmark - Vol. IV
Volume IV: Summary Results of Exercise 3
English, 276 pages, published: 10/08/10
NEA#6050, ISBN: 978-92-64-99137-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2010/nea6050-tt-benchmark-vol4.pdf
In the field of coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics computation there is a need to enhance scientific knowledge in order to develop advanced modelling techniques for new nuclear technologies and concepts, as well as for current applications.

Recently developed “best-estimate” computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear cores and for coupling of the core phenomena and system dynamics (PWR, BWR, VVER) need to be compared against each other and validated against results from experiments. International benchmark studies have been set up for that purpose.

The present volume is the last in a series of four and summarises the results of the third benchmark exercise, which analyses a turbine trip (TT) in a BWR in its entirety, involving pressurisation events in which the coupling between core phenomena and system dynamics plays an important role. Exercise 3 also analyses four extreme scenarios which allowed participants to test the capabilities of their code(s) in terms of coupling and feedback modelling. The data made available from experiments carried out at the plant make the present benchmark particularly valuable. The data used are from events at the Peach Bottom 2 reactor (a GE-designed BWR/4).
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Comparing Nuclear Accident Risks with Those from Other Energy Sources
English, 52 pages, published: 08/31/10
NEA#6861, ISBN: 978-92-64-99122-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2010/nea6861-comparing-risks.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Evaluation de risques d'accidents nucléaires comparés à ceux d'autres filières énergétiques 
Nuclear accident risks are raised frequently in discussions of the acceptability of nuclear power generation, often framed in the context of the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. In reality, the safety record of nuclear power plants, by comparison with other electricity generation sources, is very good. This report describes how safety has been enhanced in nuclear power plants over the years, as the designs have progressed from Generation I to Generation III, and why it is important that safety remain the highest priority. This is illustrated by considering core damage frequencies and large radioactive release frequencies for each generation of nuclear power plants. It also compares severe accident data (those resulting in five or more fatalities) between different energy sources, both for immediate fatalities and for delayed (latent) fatalities, recognising that the latter data are often more difficult to estimate. Finally, it uses results of opinion surveys to analyse public confidence in nuclear operations and how this is correlated with trust in legislation and regulatory systems. It has been written for a general audience.
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Cost Estimation for Decommissioning
An International Overview of Cost Elements, Estimation Practices and Reporting Requirements
English, 80 pages, published: 05/17/10
NEA#6831, ISBN: 978-92-64-99133-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6831-cost-estimation-decommissioning.pdf
This report is based on a study carried out by the NEA Decommissioning Cost Estimation Group (DCEG) on decommissioning cost elements, estimation practices and reporting requirements. Its findings indicate that cost methodologies need to be updated continuously using cost data from actual decommissioning projects and hence, systematic approaches need to be implemented to collect these data. The study also concludes that changes in project scope may have the greatest impact on project costs. Such changes must therefore be identified immediately and incorporated into the estimate. Finally, the report notes that more needs to be done to facilitate the comparison of estimates, for example by providing a reporting template for national estimates.
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Decommissioning Considerations for New Nuclear Power Plants
English, 16 pages, published: 06/07/10
NEA#6833, ISBN: 978-92-64-99132-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6833-decommissioning-considerations.pdf
Experience from decommissioning projects suggests that the decommissioning of nuclear power plants could be made easier if this aspect received greater consideration at the design stage and during operation of the plants. Better forward planning for decommissioning results in lower worker doses and reduced costs. When appropriate design measures are not taken at an early stage, their introduction later in the project becomes increasingly difficult. Hence, their early consideration may lead to smoother and more effective decommissioning operations. This report provides an overview of key decommissioning issues which are useful to consider when designing new nuclear power plants.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Implementing the 2007 ICRP Recommendations - Fifth Asian Regional Conference, Chiba, Japan, 3-4 September 2009
English, 28 pages, published: 09/24/10
NEA#6828, ISBN: 978-92-64-99147-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6828-evolution-system-radiological.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Japanese version) 放射線防護体系の発展 
Since 2002, the NEA has been actively facilitating the detailed discussion of the evolving system of radiological protection in an Asian context. Its work in this area has included four previous conferences to discuss various International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) draft general recommendations. The Fifth Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection was the first in this series to be focused directly on the implementation of the new ICRP recommendations. This conference report provides very useful, practical insight into the Asian approach to implementing this new radiological protection philosophy.
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Experiments and CFD Code Application to Nuclear Reactor Safety (XCFD4NRS)
Workshop Proceedings, Grenoble, France, 10-12 September 2008
English, published: 03/19/10
NEA#6879
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/csni/cfd/workshops/XCFD4NRS/index.html
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is to an increasing extent being adopted in nuclear reactor safety (NRS) analyses as a tool that enables a better description of specific safety-relevant phenomena occurring in nuclear reactors. The NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) has in recent years conducted important activities in the CFD area, including the organisation of two workshops. The “XCFD4NRS” workshop was the second in the series and was held in Grenoble, France in September 2008. A total of 147 experts from 22 countries took part. These proceedings contain the five keynote lectures, summaries of the activities of three CFD writing groups and the 59 technical papers presented at the workshop.
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Geoscientific Information in the Radioactive Waste Management Safety Case
Main Messages from the AMIGO Project
English, 56 pages, published: 09/24/10
NEA#6395, ISBN: 978-92-64-99138-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6395-AMIGO.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Rôle des informations géoscientifiques dans le dossier de sûreté pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs 
Radioactive waste is associated with all phases of the nuclear fuel cycle as well as the use of radioactive materials in medicine, research and industry. For the most hazardous and long-lived waste, the solution being investigated worldwide is disposal in engineered repositories deep underground. The importance of geoscientific information in selecting a site for geological disposal has long been recognised, but there has been growing acknowledgement of the broader role of this information in assessing and documenting the safety of disposal. The OECD/NEA Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case (AMIGO) project has demonstrated that geological data and understanding serve numerous roles in safety cases. The project, which ran from 2002 to 2008, underscored the importance of integrating geoscientific information in the development of a disposal safety case and increasingly in the overall process of repository development, including, for example, siting decisions and ensuring the practical feasibility of repository layout and engineering.
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ISNL 10th Anniversary Brochure
English, 52 pages, published: 07/02/10
NEA#6961
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/isnl/10th/brochure-isnl-10.pdf
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International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation - CD-ROM
Complete Collection of Published Reports as of January 2010
English, published: 03/19/10
NEA#6942
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/vols1-26/vols1-26.zip
The NEA International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation programme brings together evaluation projects being carried out in Japan (JENDL), the United States (ENDF), Europe (JEFF) and non-OECD countries (BROND, CENDL and FENDL). The Nuclear Data Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) sponsors the participation of evaluation projects from non-OECD countries.

The Co-operation programme was established to promote the exchange of information on nuclear data evaluations, measurements, nuclear model calculations, validation and related topics, as well as to provide a framework for co-operative activities among the participating projects. The Co-operation programme assesses needs for nuclear data improvements and addresses those needs by initiating joint evaluation and/or measurement efforts. Expert groups are established to solve specific common nuclear data problems. Each expert group produces a final report of its findings.

This CD-ROM contains the full collection of the expert group reports as of January 2010.
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International Nuclear Law: History, Evolution and Outlook
10th Anniversary of the International School of Nuclear Law
English, 424 pages, published: 07/26/10
NEA#6934, ISBN: 978-92-64-99143-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/2010/6934-10th-anniversary-inl.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le droit nucléaire international : Histoire, évolution et perspectives 
This publication commemorates the International School of Nuclear Law which is celebrating its 10th anniversary in 2010. The purpose of the publication is to provide an overview of the international nuclear law instruments, their background, content and development over the years and to present an outlook on future needs in the field of international nuclear law. Renowned experts in the nuclear law field have contributed scholarly papers on the various aspects of international nuclear law, including international institutions, protection against ionising radiation, nuclear safety, non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and safeguards, nuclear security, transport of nuclear material and fuel, management of spent fuel and radioactive waste, liability, compensation and insurance for nuclear damages, environmental protection and international trade in nuclear material and equipment. This publication is dedicated to the school?s 500+ alumni from all around the world.
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More than Just Concrete Realities: The Symbolic Dimension of Radioactive Waste Management
English, 36 pages, published: 04/15/10
NEA#6869, ISBN: 978-92-64-99105-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6869-symbolic.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Au-delà des seules réalités concrètes : la dimension symbolique de la gestion des déchets radioactifs 
Key concepts of radioactive waste management, such as safety, risk, reversibility and retrievability, carry different meanings for the technical community and for non-technical stakeholders. Similarly, socio-economic concepts, including community, landscape and benefit packages, are interpreted differently by diverse societal groups. Opinions and attitudes are not simply a faithful reflection of decision making, actual events and communicated messages; perceptions and interpretations of events and objects also play a role. This report presents key issues and examples in order to build awareness of the importance of symbols and symbolism in communicating about perceptions and interpretations. It adds to the recognition that dialogue amongst stakeholders is shaped by dimensions of meaning that reach beyond dictionary definitions and are grounded in tradition and social conventions. A better understanding of these less obvious or conspicuous realities should help find additional ways of creating constructive relationships amongst stakeholders.
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NEA News Vol. 28.1
English, 32 pages, published: 07/13/10
NEA#6927
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/newsletter/2010/28-1/NEA-News-28-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 28.1 
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NEA News Vol. 28.2
English, 44 pages, published: 12/15/10
NEA#6929
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2010/28-2/NEA-News-28-2-e.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 28.2 
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National Programmes in Chemical Partitioning
A Status Report
English, 120 pages, published: 03/10/10
NEA#5425, ISBN: 978-92-64-99096-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2010/nea5425-National-Prog.pdf
Many countries have been performing a wide range of research on the partitioning and transmutation (P&T) of minor actinides and fission products. The aim is to provide greater flexibility in terms of radioactive waste management strategies and deploying advanced nuclear fuel cycles. This report describes recent and ongoing national research programmes related to chemical partitioning in the Czech Republic, France, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Russian Federation, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. European Commission research programmes are also included.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2010/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2010
Bilingual, 138 pages, published: 09/15/10
NEA#6893, ISBN: 978-92-64-09198-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6893-BB-2010.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of official statistics and country reports on nuclear energy, provides key information on plans for new nuclear plant construction, nuclear fuel cycle developments as well as current and projected nuclear generating capacity to 2035 in OECD member countries. This comprehensive overview provides authoritative information for policy makers, experts and other interested stakeholders.

Cette nouvelle édition des Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, la compilation annuelle de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire contenant des statistiques officielles et des rapports nationaux sur l'énergie nucléaire, présente des informations clés concernant les projets de construction de centrales nucléaires, l'évolution du cycle du combustible ainsi que la puissance nucléaire installée et projetée dans les pays membres de l'OCDE jusqu'en 2035. Ce panorama complet constitue une source d'informations officielles pour les décideurs politiques, experts et le public intéressé
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Nuclear Energy Technology Roadmap
English, 48 pages, published: 06/16/10
NEA#6962
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2010/nea6962-nuclear-roadmap.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 技术路线图: 核能 
This nuclear energy roadmap has been prepared jointly by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). Unlike most other low-carbon energy sources, nuclear energy is a mature technology that has been in use for more than 50 years. The latest designs for nuclear power plants build on this experience to offer enhanced safety and performance, and are ready for wider deployment over the next few years. Several countries are reactivating dormant nuclear programmes, while others are considering nuclear for the first time. In the longer term, there is great potential for new developments in nuclear energy technology to enhance the role of nuclear power in a sustainable energy future.
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Nuclear Energy and Addressing Climate Change
English, 8 pages, published: 11/15/10
NEA#6976
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/news/in-perspective/addressing-climate-change.pdf
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Nuclear Fuel Behaviour under Reactivity-initiated Accident (RIA) Conditions
State-of-the-art Report
English, 208 pages, published: 03/24/10
NEA#6847, ISBN: 978-92-64-99113-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2010/nea6847-behaviour-RIA.pdf
Considerable experimental and analytical work has been performed in recent years which has led to a broader and deeper understanding of phenomena related to reactivity-initiated accidents (RIAs). Further, newly designed fuels – such as mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel and rods with new cladding – have been introduced which might behave differently than those used previously, both under normal operating conditions and during transients. Compared with 20 years ago, fuel burn-up has been significantly increased. These and other factors have led the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Working Group on Fuel Safety to produce this state-of-the-art report. The report should be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators, nuclear plant operators and fuel researchers.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 85 (June 2010)
Volume 2010/1
English, 164 pages, published: 07/21/10
NEA#6899, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb85.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 85 (Juin 2010) 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers nuclear legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue address the independence of the nuclear regulator, the European nuclear safety directive, the nuclear renaissance in Italy and the Temelin case in the European Court of Justice.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 86 (December 2010)
Volume 2010/2
English, 120 pages, published: 01/21/11
NEA#6901, ISSN: 0304-341X
Volume of the series: Legal Affairs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb86.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 86 (Décembre 2010) 
The Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law. It provides subscribers with authoritative and comprehensive information on nuclear law developments. Published twice a year in both English and French, it features topical articles written by renowned legal experts, covers legislative developments worldwide and reports on relevant case law, bilateral and international agreements as well as regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue address the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, competition law and the nuclear sector, and third party liability for nuclear damage (jurisdiction and enforcement, and compensation for environmental damage).
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Nuclear Production of Hydrogen
Fourth Information Exchange Meeting, Oakbrook, Illinois, United States, 13-16 April 2009
English, 464 pages, published: 06/24/10
NEA#6805, ISBN: 978-92-64-08713-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2010/6805-production-hydrogen.pdf
Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy carrier in the 21st century. This report describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with the production of hydrogen using heat and/or electricity from nuclear power plants, with special emphasis on recent developments in high-temperature electrolysis and the use of different chemical thermodynamic processes. Economics and market analysis as well as safety aspects of the nuclear production of hydrogen are also discussed.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2008)
Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2008
English, 132 pages, published: 05/27/10
NEA#6826, ISBN: 978-92-64-99131-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6826-occupational-exposures.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of occupational radiological protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience.

At the end of 2008, the ISOE programme included 59 participating utilities in 26 countries (278 operating units and 32 shutdown units), as well as the regulatory authorities of 22 countries. The ISOE database, publications, annual symposia and ISOE Network website facilitate the exchange amongst participants of operational experience and lessons learnt in the optimisation of occupational radiological protection.

The Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises occupational exposure data trends and ISOE achievements made during 2008. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.

ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
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Occupational Radiological Protection Principles and Criteria for Designing New Nuclear Power Plants
English, 112 pages, published: 10/05/10
NEA#6975, ISBN: 978-92-64-99142-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6975-criteria-new-plants.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 新核电站设计的职业辐射防护原则和准则 
Global demand for electricity continues to grow and numerous new nuclear power plants (NPPs) are being planned or constructed in NEA member countries. Most of these new NPPs will be of the third generation, and will be designed for as long as 80 years of operation. The successful design, construction and operation of these plants will depend broadly on appropriately implementing the lessons from experience accumulated to date.

This case study introduces a policy and technical framework that may be used when formulating technical assistance and guidance for senior managers of NPPs, designers, manufacturers, contractors and authorities responsible for regulating occupational radiation exposure. It is aimed in particular at assisting design and license assessments of new NPPs. Although not targeting the needs of countries introducing nuclear power for the first time, this case study can also provide valuable input on occupational radiological protection issues for the implementation of new nuclear energy programmes.
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Optimisation of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
National and International Guidance and Questions for Further Discussion
English, 28 pages, published: 03/11/10
NEA#6836, ISBN: 978-92-64-99107-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6836-optimisation-ENG.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Optimisation des stockages géologiques de déchets radioactifs 
As national geological disposal programmes progress towards implementation, the concept of “optimisation” and related requirements are receiving increased attention. Exchanges within NEA expert groups have shown that both regulators and implementers would benefit from a review of the relevant concepts and available guidance and experience. This report summarises and reviews the concepts relevant to the “optimisation” of geological disposal systems as they are outlined in national and international guidance. It also presents a set of observations and key questions. Overall, the report shows that, when addressing “optimisation”, there is ample scope for clarifying concepts, facts and possibilities and for ensuring that regulatory guidance is sufficiently precise and implementable. The intention is that this report should serve as a basis for discussion within and beyond NEA committees and expert groups.
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Partnering for Long-term Management of Radioactive Waste
Evolution and Current Practice in Thirteen Countries
English, 132 pages, published: 04/06/10
NEA#6823, ISBN: 978-92-64-08369-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2010/6823-partnering-management.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Partenariats pour la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs 
National radioactive waste management programmes are in various phases of siting facilities and rely on distinct technical approaches for different categories of waste. In all cases, it is necessary for institutional actors and the potential or actual host community to build a meaningful, workable relationship. Partnership approaches are effective in achieving a balance between the requirements of fair representation and competent participation. With host community support, they also help ensure the desirable combination of a licensable site and management concept as well as a balance between compensation, local control and development opportunities. This report provides up-to-date information on experience with local partnership arrangements in 13 countries. The characteristics, advantages and aims of community partnerships are also described in addition to the concept's evolution over the past decade.
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Projected Costs of Generating Electricity
2010 Edition
English, 216 pages, published: 03/25/10
NEA#6819, ISBN: 978-92-64-08430-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6819-projected-costs.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Coûts prévisionnels de production de l'électricité 
This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the seventh in a series of studies on electricity generating costs. It presents the latest data available for a wide variety of fuels and technologies, including coal and gas (with and without carbon capture), nuclear, hydro, onshore and offshore wind, biomass, solar, wave and tidal as well as combined heat and power (CHP). It provides levelised costs of electricity (LCOE) per MWh for almost 200 plants, based on data covering 21 countries (including four major non-OECD countries), and several industrial companies and organisations. For the first time, the report contains an extensive sensitivity analysis of the impact of variations in key parameters such as discount rates, fuel prices and carbon costs on LCOE. Additional issues affecting power generation choices are also examined.

The study shows that the cost competitiveness of electricity generating technologies depends on a number of factors which may vary nationally and regionally. Readers will find full details and analyses, supported by over 130 figures and tables, in this report which is expected to constitute a valuable tool for decision makers and researchers concerned with energy policies and climate change.
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Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - 2010 Edition - Executive Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 05/18/10
NEA#6956
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/egc/2010/docs/exec-summary-ENG.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Coûts prévisionnels de production de l'électricité - Edition 2010 - Synthèse 
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Public Attitudes to Nuclear Power
English, 56 pages, published: 03/22/10
NEA#6859, ISBN: 978-92-64-99111-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6859-public-attitudes.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'opinion publique et l'énergie nucléaire 
Public attitudes to nuclear power are critical in shaping nuclear policies in OECD/NEA countries and the latter will only be able to make use of this energy source if a well-informed public considers that its benefits outweigh its risks. This report provides a number of insights into public attitudes towards nuclear power. Support for nuclear energy is generally correlated with the level of experience of and knowledge about nuclear power. Interestingly, while the public is generally aware of the contribution of nuclear power to ensuring security of energy supply, its potential contribution to combating climate change is less well recognised. Solving the waste disposal issue would also significantly increase the level of public support. Furthermore, OECD/NEA governments may wish to reflect carefully on how to react to these results as, according to the surveys, they are the least trusted source on energy issues, far behind regulators, non-governmental organisations and scientists.
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Radioactive Waste Repositories and Host Regions: Envisaging the Future Together
Synthesis of the FSC National Workshop and Community Visit, Bar-le-Duc, France, 7-9 April 2009
English, 56 pages, published: 04/12/10
NEA#6925, ISBN: 978-92-64-99128-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6925-repositories-host-regions.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stockage des déchets radioactifs et territoires d'accueil : envisager l'avenir ensemble 
This 7th Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) workshop focused on the territorial implementation of France’s high-level and long-lived intermediate-level waste management programme. Sessions addressed the French historical and legislative context, public information, reversibility, environmental monitoring and the issue of memory. Amongst the participants were representatives of local and regional governments, civil society organisations, universities, waste management agencies, institutional authorities and delegates from 13 countries. This report provides a synthesis of the workshop deliberations.
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Radioactive Waste in Perspective
English, 204 pages, published: 09/16/10
NEA#6350, ISBN: 978-92-64-09261-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6350-waste-perspective.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Les déchets radioactifs - Mise en perspective 
Large volumes of hazardous wastes are produced each year, however only a small proportion of them are radioactive. While disposal options for hazardous wastes are generally well established, some types of hazardous waste face issues similar to those for radioactive waste and also require long-term disposal arrangements. The objective of this NEA study is to put the management of radioactive waste into perspective, firstly by contrasting features of radioactive and hazardous wastes, together with their management policies and strategies, and secondly by examining the specific case of the wastes resulting from carbon capture and storage of fossil fuels. The study seeks to give policy makers and interested stakeholders a broad overview of the similarities and differences between radioactive and hazardous wastes and their management strategies.
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Regulation and Guidance for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
A Review of the Literature and Initiatives of the Past Decade
English, 40 pages, published: 02/24/10
NEA#6405, ISBN: 978-92-64-99120-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6405-regulation-guidance-ENG.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Réglementation et lignes directrices pour l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formation géologique 
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Self-sealing of Fractures in Argillaceous Formations in the Context of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
Review and Synthesis
English, 312 pages, published: 06/01/10
NEA#6184, ISBN: 978-92-64-99095-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6184-self-sealing.pdf
Disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in engineered facilities, or repositories, located deep underground in suitable geological formations is being developed worldwide as the reference solution to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. Assessing the long-term safety of geological disposal requires developing a comprehensive understanding of the geological environment. The transport pathways are key to this understanding. Of particular interest are fractures in the host rock, which may be either naturally occurring or induced, for example, during the construction of engineered portions of a repository. Such fractures could provide pathways for migration of contaminants.

In argillaceous (clay) formations, there is evidence that, over time, fractures can become less conductive and eventually hydraulically insignificant. This process is commonly termed “self-sealing”. The capacity for self-sealing relates directly to the function of clay host rocks as migration barriers and, consequently, to the safety of deep repositories in those geological settings.

This report – conducted under the auspices of the NEA Clay Club – reviews the evidence and mechanisms for self-sealing properties of clays and evaluates their relevance to geological disposal. Results from laboratory tests, field investigations and geological analogues are considered. The evidence shows that, for many types of argillaceous formations, the understanding of self-sealing has progressed to a level that could justify its inclusion in performance assessments for geological repositories.
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Shielding Aspects of Accelerators,Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF-10
Workshop Proceedings, Geneva, Switzerland, 2-4 June 2010
English, 444 pages, published: 12/15/10
NEA#6898, ISBN: 978-92-64-03467-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2010/6898-satif-10.pdf
Particle accelerators have evolved over the last decades from simple devices to powerful machines, and are having an increasingly important impact on research, technology and daily life. Today they cover a wide range of applications including material science and medical applications. In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged while the number of accelerator facilities in operation, being commissioned, designed or planned has significantly grown. Their parameters (such as the beam energy, beam currents and intensities, and target composition) vary widely, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems.

Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways to protect operators, the public and the environment. As the design and use of these facilities evolve, so must the analytical methods used in the safety analyses. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiation targets. They also evaluate progress on the development of modelling methods used to assess the effectiveness of such shielding as part of safety analyses.
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Strategic Aspects of Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management
Planning for Effective Decision Making; Consequence Management and Transition to Recovery
English, 72 pages, published: 10/05/10
NEA#6387, ISBN: 978-92-64-99146-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6387-strategic-aspects-of-nuclear.pdf
The collective experience of the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters (WPNEM), and in particular, the experience from the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, has shown that it is important to plan and to implement emergency response actions based on a guiding strategic vision. Within this context, Strategic Aspects of Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management presents a framework of strategic planning elements to be considered by national emergency management authorities when establishing or enhancing processes for decision making, and when developing or implementing protection strategies. The focus is on nuclear or radiological emergency situations leading to complex preparedness and response conditions, involving multiple jurisdictions and significant international interfaces.

The report is aimed at national emergency management authorities, international organisations and those who are seeking to improve the effectiveness of emergency management. Its goal is to provide insights into decision-making processes within existing emergency planning arrangements. It also highlights common areas of good practice in decision making. Specific areas for improvement, identified during the INEX-3 consequence management exercise, are included, particularly in support of decision making for countermeasures for consequence management and the transition to recovery.
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The Security of Energy Supply and the Contribution of Nuclear Energy
English, 168 pages, published: 12/13/10
NEA#6358, ISBN: 978-92-64-09634-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6358-security-energy-sup.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La sécurité d'approvisionnement énergétique et le rôle du nucléaire 
What contribution can nuclear energy make to improve the security of energy supply? This study, which examines a selection of OECD member countries, qualitatively and quantitatively validates the often intuitive assumption that, as a largely domestic source of electricity with stable costs and no greenhouse gas emissions during production, nuclear energy can make a positive contribution. Following an analysis of the meaning and context of security of supply, the study uses transparent and policy-relevant indicators to show that, together with improvements in energy efficiency, nuclear energy has indeed contributed significantly to enhanced energy supply security in OECD countries over the past 40 years.
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The Strategic Plan of the Nuclear Energy Agency - 2011-2016
English, 40 pages, published: 07/05/10
NEA#6959, ISBN: 978-92-64-99135-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/general/about/Strategic-plan-2011-2016.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le plan stratégique de l'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire - 2011-2016 
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The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes: An Economic Study of the Molybdenum-99 Supply Chain
English, 128 pages, published: 09/16/10
NEA#6967, ISBN: 978-92-64-99149-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6967-MO-99.pdf
The reliable supply of molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) and its decay product, technetium-99m (Tc-99m), is a vital component of modern medical diagnostic practices. Disruptions in the supply chain of these radioisotopes – which cannot be effectively stored – can suspend important medical testing services. Unfortunately, supply reliability has declined over the past decade, due to unexpected or extended shutdowns at the few ageing, Mo-99 producing, research reactors and processing facilities. These shutdowns have created global supply shortages.

This study offers a unique analysis of the economic structure and present state of the Mo-99/Tc-99m supply chain. It finds that the shortages are a symptom of a longer-term problem linked to insufficient capital investment, which has been brought about by an economic structure that does not provide sufficient remuneration for producing Mo-99 or support for developing additional production and processing infrastructure. To assist governments and other decision makers in their efforts to ensure long-term, reliable supply of these important medical isotopes, the study presents options for creating a sustainable economic structure. The study will also enhance understanding amongst stakeholders of the costs of supplying Mo-99 and ultimately contribute to a better functioning market.
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The Supply of Medical Radioisotopes: An Economic Study of the Molybdenum-99 Supply Chain: Summary
English, 36 pages, published: 09/16/10
NEA#6969, ISBN: 978-92-64-99150-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2010/nea6969-radioisotopes-summary.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L’approvisionnement en radioisotopes médicaux 
The reliable supply of molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) and its decay product, technetium-99m (Tc-99m), is a vital component of modern medical diagnostic practices. Disruptions in the supply chain of these radioisotopes – which cannot be effectively stored – can suspend important medical testing services. Unfortunately, supply reliability has declined over the past decade, due to unexpected or extended shutdowns at the few ageing, Mo-99 producing, research reactors and processing facilities. These shutdowns have created global supply shortages.

The full study offers a unique analysis of the economic structure and present state of the Mo-99/Tc-99m supply chain. It finds that the shortages are a symptom of a longer-term problem linked to insufficient capital investment, which has been brought about by an economic structure that does not provide sufficient remuneration for producing Mo-99 or support for developing additional production and processing infrastructure. To assist governments and other decision makers in their efforts to ensure long-term, reliable supply of these important medical isotopes, the study presents options for creating a sustainable economic structure. The study will also enhance understanding amongst stakeholders of the costs of supplying Mo-99 and ultimately contribute to a better functioning market.
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Towards Greater Harmonisation of Decommissioning Cost Estimates
English, 16 pages, published: 03/22/10
NEA#6867, ISBN: 978-92-64-99093-7
Volume of the series: Radioactive Waste Management
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6867-harmonisation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers une harmonisation des estimations des coûts du déclassement 
Currently, the format, content and practice of cost estimation vary considerably both within and between countries, which makes it very difficult to compare estimates, even for similar types of facilities. The reasons are largely due to different legal requirements in different countries and to historical custom and practice, leading to variations in basic assumptions such as the anticipated decommissioning strategy and end state of the site, and to different approaches to dealing with uncertainties. While attaining harmonisation across national approaches to cost estimation may be difficult to achieve, standardising the way decommissioning cost estimates are structured and reported will give greater transparency to the decommissioning process and will help build regulator and stakeholder confidence in the cost estimates and schedules.

This booklet highlights the findings of the NEA Decommissioning Cost Estimation Group (DCEG) which recently studied cost estimation practices in 12 countries.
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Towards Transparent, Proportionate and Deliverable Regulation for Geological Disposal
Workshop Proceedings, Tokyo, Japan, 20-22 January 2009
English, 196 pages, published: 03/03/10
NEA#6825, ISBN: 978-92-64-06092-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2010/6825-towards-transparent.pdf
As part of its activities, the Regulators’ Forum of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee has been examining the regulatory criteria for the long-term performance of geological disposal. In this context, it organised a workshop entitled “Towards Transparent, Proportionate and Deliverable Regulation for Geological Disposal”, which served to verify current status and needs. Participants included regulators, implementers, policy makers, R&D specialists and academics. Themes addressed included duties to future generations, timescales for regulation, stepwise decision making, roles of optimisation and best available techniques (BAT), multiple lines of reasoning, safety and performance indicators, recognition of uncertainties and the importance of stakeholder interactions. The workshop highlighted the significant amount of work accomplished over the past decade, but also identified important differences between national regulations even if these are not in contradiction with international guidance. Also highlighted was the importance of R&D carried out on behalf of the regulator. In addition to the contributed papers, these proceedings trace the numerous discussions that formed an integral part of the workshop. They constitute an important and unique documentary basis for researchers and radioactive waste management specialists.
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Uranium 2009: Resources, Production and Demand
English, 456 pages, published: 07/28/10
NEA#6891, ISBN: 978-92-64-04789-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2010/6891-uranium-2009.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: ウラニウム2009: 資源、生産、需給 
- Français: Uranium 2009 : Ressources, production et demande 
With several countries currently building nuclear power plants and planning the construction of more to meet long-term increases in electricity demand, uranium resources, production and demand remain topics of notable interest. In response to the projected growth in demand for uranium and declining inventories, the uranium industry – the first critical link in the fuel supply chain for nuclear reactors – is boosting production and developing plans for further increases in the near future. Strong market conditions will, however, be necessary to trigger the investments required to meet projected demand.

The “Red Book”, jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is a recognised world reference on uranium. It is based on information compiled in 40 countries, including those that are major producers and consumers of uranium. This 23rd edition provides a comprehensive review of world uranium supply and demand as of 1 January 2009, as well as data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantive new information from major uranium production centres around the world, as well as from countries developing production centres for the first time. Projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements through 2035 are also featured, along with an analysis of long-term uranium supply and demand issues.
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VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark
Phase 2 (V1000CT-2) Summary Results of Exercise 1 on Vessel Mixing Simulation
English, 144 pages, published: 10/05/10
NEA#6964, ISBN: 978-92-64-99152-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2010/nea6964-ex-l-vessel-mixing.pdf
Recently developed best-estimate computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear reactors need to be validated against results from experiments and compared with each other to help understand how the different modelling methods adopted affect the accuracy of the simulation. This benchmark was set up for that purpose.

This report is one of a series covering benchmarks designed to test modelling methods for a range of transient scenarios in a VVER-1000 reactor. In this case, the transient is initiated by isolation of one steam generator causing asymmetric loop heat-up. The benchmark is based on experiments conducted at the Kozloduy nuclear power plant.

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2008 NEA Annual Report
English, 48 pages, published: 04/27/09
NEA#6842, ISBN: 978-92-64-99076-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2008/AR2008.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: 2008 AEN Rapport annuel 
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A Common Objective, a Variety of Paths
Third International Conference on Geological Repositories, Berne, Switzerland, 15-17 October 2007
English, published: 10/16/09
NEA#6875, ISBN: 978-92-64-99101-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/6875-icgr2007.pdf
High-level political, governmental and regulatory decision makers, as well as representatives of economic and social groups and implementing organisations met in Berne, Switzerland to present and to reflect on their collective experience towards meeting the challenge of implementing national disposal projects for placing radioactive waste in deep geological formations. These proceedings include the papers presented at the conference as well as a summary which highlights the main lessons to be learnt and final recommendations to assist future developments in national radioactive waste management programmes seeking to meet both technical and social imperatives of modern society.
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A Common Objective, a Variety of Paths
Synthesis and Main Lessons:Third International Conference on Geological Repositories, Berne, Switzerland, 15-17 October 2007
English, 40 pages, published: 10/20/09
NEA#6385, ISBN: 978-92-64-99100-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/6385-Common-Objective.pdf
High-level political, governmental and regulatory decision makers, as well as representatives of economic and social groups and implementing organisations met in Berne, Switzerland to present and to reflect on their collective experience towards meeting the challenge of implementing national disposal projects for placing radioactive waste in deep geological formations. This summary highlights the main lessons to be learnt and final recommendations to assist future developments in national radioactive waste management programmes seeking to meet both technical and social imperatives of modern society.
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Approaches and Challenges for the Use of Geological Information in the Safety Case for Deep Disposal of Radioactive Waste
Third AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Nancy, France, 15-17 April 2008
English, 76 pages, published: 10/09/09
NEA#6417, ISBN: 978-92-64-99090-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/AMIGO-3/index.html
A cornerstone of national decision making and societal acceptance of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste is confidence that such repositories can protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. The “safety case” is the synthesis of evidence, analyses and arguments that quantify and substantiate a claim that the repository will be safe after closure and beyond the time when active control of the facility is ensured. For deep geological disposal, studies of the geosphere form a principal component of the safety case. Geoscientific information is unique in that it can offer evidence and lines of reasoning that span geological timescales (millennia and even longer).

The NEA Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case (AMIGO) project addresses the collection and integration of geoscientific evidence, analyses and arguments that contribute to an understanding of long-term safety. The third and final AMIGO workshop on “Approaches and Challenges for the Use of Geological Information in the Safety Case” underscored that geoscientific information plays a fundamental role in safety assessments. It is also increasingly used in the wider context of the safety case to provide evidence and arguments for the intrinsically favourable properties of a site, including its long-term stability. No single geoscientific argument “proves” safety, but rather each supports some key element of the safety case and provides enhanced confidence in the safety case. The workshop also considered the links and feedback among the safety case; design, engineering and construction issues; and geoscientific investigations.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 10
The Role of Human and Organisational Factors in Nuclear Power Plant Modifications
English, 28 pages, published: 02/03/09
NEA#6315, ISBN: 978-92-64-99064-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea6315_TOP_10_ENG.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - n° 10 
Nuclear power plant modifications may be needed for a number of different reasons. These include physical ageing of plant systems, structures and components; obsolescence in hardware and software; feedback from operating experience; and opportunities for improved plant safety, reliability or capability. However, experience has also shown that weaknesses in the design and/or implementation of modifications can present significant challenges to plant safety. They can also have a considerable impact on the commercial performance of the plant. It is therefore important that the plant modification process reflect a recognition of the potential impact of human errors and that it incorporate suitable measures to minimise the potential for such errors.

In this context, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors organised an international workshop in 2003 to discuss the role of human and organisational performance in the nuclear plant modification process. This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of specialists in human and organisational factors (HOF) in the NEA member countries on commendable practices and approaches to dealing with nuclear plant modifications. It considers factors that should be taken into account when developing a modification process and identifies some lessons learnt from application of the process. The paper should be of particular interest of nuclear safety regulators and nuclear power plant operators.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 11
Better Nuclear Plant Maintenance: Improving Human and Organisational Performance
English, 28 pages, published: 02/26/09
NEA#6153, ISBN: 978-92-64-99065-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2009/NEA6153_TOP_11_ENG.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - No. 11 
Errors during maintenance and periodic testing are significant contributors to plant events. These errors may not always be revealed by post-maintenance tests and may remain undetected for extended periods until the affected system is called upon to function. It is therefore important that the plant maintenance process take into account the potential impact of human and organisational errors, and that it incorporate suitable measures to minimise the potential for such errors.

The NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors organised an international workshop to discuss the role of human and organisational performance on maintenance. This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of specialists on human and organisational factors in NEA member countries on commendable practices and approaches to dealing with nuclear power plant maintenance. It sets out a framework for including a systematic consideration of human and organisational factors in the plant maintenance process. The paper should be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators and nuclear power plant operators.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 12
Research on Human Factors in New Nuclear Plant Technology
English, 40 pages, published: 12/11/09
NEA#6844, ISBN: 978-92-64-99116-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2009/nea6844-TOP12-Eng.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - n° 12 
It is a dynamic time for the nuclear power sector. Existing reactor control rooms are undergoing various forms of modernisation. New reactors are being built in many countries and advanced reactors are being designed through international co-operation to support power generation for decades to come. The new technologies and concepts that are being considered in this context could impact upon the roles of the plant operators and thus plant safety. It is therefore important that the potential implications – both positive and negative – are evaluated and understood.

Through this technical opinion paper, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) has sought to identify a set of research topics that should be explored in order to enhance knowledge of the human and organisational factors concerned. Research to address the topics described in this paper will provide the technical basis to help ensure that the benefits of new technology are realised and that the potential negative effects are minimised.

This paper should be of particular interest to research organisations and other stakeholders (including regulatory agencies, international organisations and industry organisations) that could support this research and benefit from its results.
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Chemical Thermodynamics of Thorium - Volume 11
English, 942 pages, published: 01/22/09
NEA#6254, ISBN: 978-92-64-05667-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2007/6254-DB-chemical-thermodyn-11.pdf
This volume is the eleventh in the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) “Chemical Thermodynamics” series. It is based on a critical review of the thermodynamic properties of thorium, its solid compounds and aqueous complexes, initiated as part of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project Phase III (TDB III). The database system developed at the OECD/NEA Data Bank ensures consistency not only within the recommended data sets of thorium, but also amongst all the data sets published in the series. This volume will be of particular interest to scientists carrying out performance assessments of deep geological disposal sites for radioactive waste.
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Considering Timescales in the Post-closure Safety of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
English, 160 pages, published: 03/13/09
NEA#6424, ISBN: 978-92-64-06058-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2009/6424-considering-timescales.pdf
A key challenge in the development of safety cases for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste is handling the long time frame over which the radioactive waste remains hazardous. The intrinsic hazard of the waste decreases with time, but some hazard remains for extremely long periods. Safety cases for geological disposal typically address performance and protection for thousands to millions of years into the future. Over such periods, a wide range of events and processes operating over many different timescales may impact on a repository and its environment. Uncertainties in the predictability of such factors increase with time, making it increasingly difficult to provide definite assurances of a repository's performance and the protection it may provide over longer timescales. Timescales, the level of protection and the assurance of safety are all linked.

Approaches to handling timescales for the geological disposal of radioactive waste are influenced by ethical principles, the evolution of the hazard over time, uncertainties in the evolution of the disposal system (and how these uncertainties themselves evolve) and the stability and predictability of the geological environment. Conversely, the approach to handling timescales can affect aspects of repository planning and implementation including regulatory requirements, siting decisions, repository design, the development and presentation of safety cases and the planning of pre- and post-closure institutional controls such as monitoring requirements. This is an area still under discussion among NEA member countries. This report reviews the current status and ongoing discussions of this issue.
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Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure)
It can and has been done
English, 8 pages, published: 10/23/09
NEA#6829
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/nea6829-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Il Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari 
- German: Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen (decommissioning brochure) 
- Swedish: Avveckling av kärntekniska anläggningar 
- Chinese: 核設施除役 
- Français: Démantèlement des installations nucléaires (brochure) 
Considerable international experience gained over the last 20 years demonstrates that nuclear facilities can be safely dismantled and decommissioned once a decision is made to cease operations and permanently shut them down. This brochure looks at decommissioning across a spectrum of nuclear facilities and shows worldwide examples of sucessful projects.
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Evaluated Data Library for the Bulk of Fission Products (Volume 23)
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 23
English, 44 pages, published: 09/27/09
NEA#6283, ISBN: 978-92-64-99092-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume23/volume23.pdf
This publication reports the conclusions from the work undertaken by Subgroup 23 of the NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC), whose mission was to produce an international library of neutron cross-section evaluations for the most important fission products.

These fission products are important in the operation of nuclear reactors because some of them contribute delayed neutrons that are useful for reactor control, whereas others have a very high neutron capture cross-section, thus inhibiting the nuclear reaction. The build-up of the fission product poisons determines the maximum duration a given fuel element can be kept in a reactor.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Discussion of New ICRP Recommendations, 4th Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 13-14 December 2007
English, 48 pages, published: 08/12/09
NEA#6363, ISBN: 978-92-64-99088-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6363-fourth-asian.pdf
The evolution of the system of radiological protection is of great interest to governments and regulatory authorities, in particular in Asia. In this context, the Japanese government hosted a series of NEA conferences on this subject. The 4th Asian Regional Conference, held in Tokyo in December 2007, included key discussions of Japanese, Korean, Chinese and Russian views on the new International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations, and on their interpretation in the international Basic Safety Standards and national regulations. This report summarises the most significant aspects of these discussions, providing keen insight into governmental and regulatory approaches to radiological protection in Asia.
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Experimental Facilities for Gas-cooled Reactor Safety Studies
Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experimental Facilities (TAREF)
English, 88 pages, published: 12/31/09
NEA#6864, ISBN: 978-92-64-99110-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2009/nea6864-TAREF.pdf
This report provides an overview of experimental facilities that can be used to carry out nuclear safety research for gas-cooled reactors and identifies priorities for organising international co-operative programmes at selected facilities. The information has been collected and analysed by a Task Group on Advanced Reactor Experimental Facilities (TAREF) as part of an ongoing initiative of the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) which aims to define and to implement a strategy for the efficient utilisation of facilities and resources for Generation IV reactor systems.
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Improving Nuclear Regulation
Compilation of NEA Regulatory Guidance Booklets
English, 208 pages, published: 04/02/09
NEA#6275, ISBN: 978-92-64-99075-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2009/nea6275_Improving_Nuclear_Regulation.pdf
A common theme throughout the series of NEA regulatory guidance reports, or “green booklets”, is the premise that the fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that nuclear facilities are operated at all times and later decommissioned in an acceptably safe manner. In meeting this objective the regulator must keep in mind that it is the operator that has responsibility for safely operating a nuclear facility; the role of the regulator is to oversee the operator’s activities as related to assuming that responsibility.

For the first time, the full series of these reports have been brought together in one edition. As such, it is intended to serve as a knowledge management tool both for current regulators and the younger generation of nuclear experts entering the regulatory field. While the audience for this publication is primarily nuclear regulators, the information and ideas may also be of interest to nuclear operators, other nuclear industry organisations and the general public.
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Independent Evaluation of the MYRRHA Project
Report by an International Team of Experts
English, 44 pages, published: 12/16/09
NEA#6881, ISBN: 978-92-64-99114-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2009/nea6881-MYRRHA.pdf
The renewed interest in nuclear energy – to a large extent stimulated by concerns about global climate change, high volatility of fossil fuel prices and security of energy supply – has also revived discussions on advanced reactor concepts with the potential to reduce significantly the long-term radioactivity of nuclear waste. One of these concepts is an accelerator-driven system (ADS) which combines a particle accelerator with a subcritical reactor core. The Belgian research centre SCK•CEN at Mol has launched a project aiming to construct an ADS consisting of a high energy proton, linear accelerator combined with a lead-bismuth-cooled, subcritical reactor. The project is called MYRRHA (Multi-purpose Hybrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications).

The Belgian government asked the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) to organise an international peer review of the MYRRHA project to provide an independent evaluation as part of the decision-making process. This report presents the findings from the review, which was conducted by a team of seven high-level experts from seven countries, assisted by the NEA Secretariat.
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Inter-code Comparison Exercise for Criticality Excursion Analysis
Benchmarks Phase I: Pulse Mode Experiments with Uranyl Nitrate Solution Using the TRACY and SILENE Experimental Facilities
English, 172 pages, published: 07/17/09
NEA#6285, ISBN: 978-92-64-99073-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2009/6285_CriticalityComparison.pdf
The NEA Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety established an Expert Group on Criticality Excursion Analysis in 2001 to explore the performance of various transient codes to evaluate criticality accidents in a fissile solution. Inter-code comparison exercises among four transient codes (AGNES, CRITEX, INCTAC and TRACE) have been carried out with typical transient experiments using uranyl nitrate fuel solution.

Two sets of benchmarks were carried out based on experimental programmes performed in the TRACY reactor in Japan, and the SILENE reactor in France. TRACY and SILENE have the same geometrical features: an annular cylinder with a central void tube for a transient rod and similar operational modes for reactivity insertion. The experiments selected are representative benchmarks for low- and high-enriched uranyl nitrate solution, about 10 wt% for TRACY and 93 wt% for the SILENE core.

This report provides an analysis of the benchmark results obtained with four different codes. It will be of particular interest to criticality safety practitioners developing transient codes, notably since little experimental data is available and the existing transient codes are presently unavailable to the public.
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International Experiences in Safety Cases for Geological Repositories (INTESC) + CD-ROM
Outcomes of the INTESC Project
English, 76 pages, published: 11/06/09
NEA#6251, ISBN: 978-92-64-99103-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/nea6251-INTESC-eng.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Expériences internationales des dossiers de sûreté pour les dépôts en formation géologique (INTESC) + CD-ROM 
A “safety case” is the synthesis of evidence, analyses and arguments that quantify and substantiate a claim that a geological repository for radioactive waste will be safe after closure and beyond the time when active control of the facility can be ensured. The NEA project on International Experiences in Safety Cases for Geological Repositories (INTESC) analysed existing safety cases, and their elements, to provide an overview of progress during the last decade, to identify key concepts and to give insight into regulatory expectations on the contents and review of safety cases. This report documents the outcomes of the INTESC project. It takes account of the responses to a detailed survey of NEA member countries as well as the results of a technical workshop.

The project has shown that the purpose and concept of a safety case are generally understood, accepted and adopted by radioactive waste management programmes worldwide. Programmes are preparing safety cases in line with most of the elements suggested by the NEA, although there are some differences in interpretation and presentation. Some important trends are emerging, such as the use of safety functions and the role of a geosynthesis. Further development of some aspects and tools, such as quality assurance programmes and requirements management systems, can be expected as safety cases are further refined to support programmes moving towards implementation of geological disposal.
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Mixed-oxide (MOX) Fuel Performance Benchmark (PRIMO)
Summary of the Results for the PRIMO BD8 MOX Rod
English, 40 pages, published: 07/13/09
NEA#6291, ISBN: 978-92-64-99085-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2009/6291-MOX.pdf
The plutonium produced during the operation of commercial nuclear power plants or that has become available from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons needs to be properly managed. One important contribution to the management process consists in validating the calculation methods and nuclear data used for estimates concerning power systems burning mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel. Another important contribution is the improved modelling of MOX fuel behaviour in such systems.

Within the framework of the NEA Expert Group on Reactor-based Plutonium Disposition, a fuel modelling code benchmark test was carried out for MOX fuel, with irradiation data on the BD8 MOX rod of the PRIMO programme provided by SCK•CEN and Belgonucléaire. This report summarises the data provided and the fuel characteristics for the irradiation, and presents the calculation results provided by the contributors.
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Mobile Fission and Activation Products in Nuclear Waste Disposal
Workshop Proceedings, La Baule, France, 16-19 January 2007
English, 264 pages, published: 05/25/09
NEA#6310, ISBN: 978-92-64-99072-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2009/nea6310-MOFAP.pdf
Most experts worldwide agree that disposal of spent nuclear fuel in appropriate formations deep underground provides a suitable option. Most public discussions about these underground repositories concentrate on the radiological hazard associated with the potential leak of actinides to the biosphere. However, the radiotoxicity of the fission products dominates the total radiotoxicity of the spent nuclear fuel during the first 100 years. Thereafter, their radiotoxicity diminishes and the long-term radiotoxicity becomes dominated by the actinides, mainly by the plutonium and americium isotopes.

The aim of the international workshop on Mobile Fission and Activation Products in Nuclear Waste Disposal, MOFAP07, was to review and to identify the needs for further studies on the transport and chemical behaviour of fission products in the geosphere for the safety assessment of radioactive waste repositories. These proceedings contain 22 peer-reviewed papers from the workshop, which should be of particular interest to professionals in the radioactive waste management field.
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NEA News Vol. 27.1
English, 40 pages, published: 06/24/09
NEA#6838, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2009/NEA_News_Vol _27.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN infos Vol. 27.1 
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NEA News Vol. 27.2
English, 32 pages, published: 12/18/09
NEA#6840, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/newsletter/2009/27-2/NEA-News-27-2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 27.2 
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Natural Tracer Profiles Across Argillaceous Formations: The CLAYTRAC Project
English, 364 pages, published: 03/24/09
NEA#6253, ISBN: 978-92-64-06047-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2009/6253-claytract-project-2009.pdf
Disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in engineered facilities, or repositories, located deep underground in suitable geological formations is being developed worldwide as the reference solution to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. An important aspect of assessing the long-term safety of deep geological disposal is developing a comprehensive understanding of the geological environment in order to define the initial conditions for the disposal system as well as to provide a sound scientific basis for projecting its future evolution. The transport pathways and mechanisms by which contaminants could migrate in the surrounding host rock are key elements in any safety case. Relevant experiments in laboratories or underground test facilities can provide important information, but the challenge remains in being able to extrapolate the results to the spatial and temporal scales required for performance assessment, which are typically tens to hundreds of metres and from thousands to beyond a million years into the future. Profiles of natural tracers dissolved in pore water of argillaceous rock formations can be considered as large-scale and long-term natural experiments which enable the transport properties to be characterised.

The CLAYTRAC Project on Natural Tracer Profiles Across Argillaceous Formations was established by the NEA Clay Club to evaluate the relevance of natural tracer data in understanding past geological evolution and in confirming dominant transport processes. Data were analysed for nine sites to support scientific understanding and development of geological disposal. The outcomes of the project show that, for the sites and clay-rich formations that were studied, there is strong evidence that solute transport is controlled mainly by diffusion. The results can improve site understanding and performance assessment in the context of deep geological disposal and have the potential to be applied to other sites and contexts.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2009/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2009
Bilingual, 120 pages, published: 09/04/09
NEA#6816, ISBN: 978-92-64-04772-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2009/6816-BB-2009.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, provides information on plans for new nuclear construction, nuclear fuel cycle developments and projections of installed nuclear capacity to 2035 in OECD member countries. This comprehensive overview of the current situation and expected trends in various sectors of the nuclear fuel cycle provides authoritative information for policy makers, experts and academics working in the nuclear energy field.

Cette nouvelle édition des Données sur l'énergie nucléaire de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire, une compilation annuelle de statistiques essentielles sur l'énergie nucléaire, décrit les projets de construction de centrales nucléaires et les développements dans le cycle du combustible et présente des projections de la puissance nucléaire installée dans les pays membres de l'OCDE jusqu'en 2035. Ce panorama complet de la situation actuelle et des tendances qui se dessinent dans divers secteurs du cycle du combustible nucléaire constitue l'ouvrage de référence pour les décideurs, les spécialistes et les chercheurs qui travaillent dans ce domaine.
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Nuclear Energy and Addressing Climate Change (brochure)
English, 8 pages, published: 12/10/09
NEA#6883
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/news/in-perspective/addressing-climate-change.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'énergie nucléaire et le changement climatique (brochure) 
- Japanese: Nuclear Energy and Addressing Climate Change (brochure) - Japanese version 
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Nuclear Fuel Behaviour in Loss-of-coolant Accident (LOCA) Conditions
State-of-the-art Report
English, 376 pages, published: 06/29/09
NEA#6846, ISBN: 978-92-64-99091-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2009/nea6846_LOCA.pdf
Considerable experimental and analytical work has been performed in recent years which has led to a broader and deeper understanding of phenomena related to loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs). Further, new cladding alloys have been produced, which might behave differently than the previously used Zircaloy-4, both under normal operating conditions and during transients. Compared with 20 years ago, fuel burn-up has been significantly increased. These and other factors have led the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Working Group on Fuel Safety to produce this state-of-the-art report. The report should be of particular interest to nuclear safety regulators, nuclear power plant operators and nuclear fuel researchers.
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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Synergies and Regional Scenarios for Europe
English, 36 pages, published: 09/27/09
NEA#6857, ISBN: 978-92-64-99086-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2009/nea6857-Regional-Scenarios.pdf
Regional strategies can provide a useful framework for implementing innovative nuclear fuel cycles. The appropriate sharing of efforts and facilities among different countries is necessary in today’s context, as is taking into account proliferation concerns and resource optimisation. The preliminary studies examined in this report show that the expected benefits deriving from partitioning and transmutation (P&T), notably the reduction of radiotoxicity and heat load in a shared repository, can bring advantages to all countries of the region concerned, even when different nuclear energy policies are pursued. The studies also demonstrate that regional strategies tend to favour a nuclear “renaissance” in some countries.

A regional approach is proposed in order to implement the innovative fuel cycles associated with partitioning and transmutation in Europe. The impact of different deployment strategies and policies in various countries is addressed. Regional facilities’ characteristics and potential deployment schedules are also discussed. Further studies should be undertaken to investigate practical issues (fuel transport in particular) and institutional issues which will, without doubt, be very challenging.
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Nuclear Fuel Cycle Transition Scenario Studies
Status Report
English, 124 pages, published: 02/03/09
NEA#6194, ISBN: 978-92-64-99068-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2009/nea6194_transition_scenario_studies.pdf
Future nuclear fuel cycles could effectively address radioactive waste issues with the implementation of partitioning and transmutation (P&T). Previous studies have defined the infrastructure requirements for several key technical approaches. While these studies have proven extremely valuable, several countries have also recognised the complex, dynamic nature of the infrastructure problem: severe new issues arise when attempting to transit from current open or partially closed cycles to a final equilibrium or burn-down mode. While the issues are country-specific when addressed in detail, it is believed that there exists a series of generic issues related only to the current situation and to the desired end point.

These issues are critical to implementing a sustainable nuclear energy infrastructure. The present report focuses on the definition of key issues, the assessment of technologies and national scenario assessments.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 83 (June 2009)
English, 200 pages, published: 08/04/09
NEA#6812, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb83.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 83 (Juin 2009) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue address “The Review Conference Mechanism in Nuclear Law: Issues and Opportunities”, “National Implementation and Enforcement of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaties” and “The Decommissioning of Asse II – Burden of the Past in the Federal Republic of Germany".
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 84 (December 2009)
Volume 2009/2
English, 200 pages, published: 12/31/09
NEA#6814, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb84.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 84 (Décembre 2009) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.

Feature articles in this issue include “Nuclear New Build – New Nuclear Law?”, “Directive Establishing a Community Framework for the Nuclear Safety of Nuclear Installations” and the “Harmonisation of Nuclear Liability in the European Union”.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2007)
Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2007
English, 120 pages, published: 04/03/09
NEA#6386, ISBN: 978-92-64-99082-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6386-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience.

The programme includes 71 participating utilities in 29 countries (334 operating units and 45 shutdown units), as well as the regulatory authorities of 25 countries. The ISOE database, annual symposia and ISOE Network website facilitate the exchange of operational experience and lessons learnt among participants.

The Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises occupational exposure data trends and ISOE achievements made during 2007. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.

ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
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PENELOPE-2008: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 30 June-3 July 2008
English, 336 pages, published: 02/20/09
NEA#6416, ISBN: 978-92-64-99066-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2009/nea6416-penelope.pdf
Radiation is used in many applications of modern technology. However, its proper handling requires competent knowledge of the basic physical laws governing its interaction with matter. To ensure its safe use, appropriate tools for predicting radiation fields and doses, and subsequently establishing pertinent regulations, are required.

One area of radiation physics that has received much attention concerns electron-photon transport in matter. PENELOPE is a modern, general-purpose Monte Carlo tool for simulating the transport of electrons and photons, which is applicable for arbitrary materials and in a wide energy range. PENELOPE provides quantitative guidance for many practical situations and techniques, including electron and X-ray spectroscopies, electron microscopy and microanalysis, biophysics, dosimetry, medical diagnostics and radiotherapy, and radiation damage and shielding.

These proceedings contain the extensively revised teaching notes of the latest workshop/training course on PENELOPE (version 2008), along with a detailed description of the improved physics models, numerical algorithms and structure of the code system.
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Regional Development and Community Support for Radioactive Waste Management (web only)
Synthesis of the FSC National Workshop and Community Visit, Tengelic and Bataapati, Hungary, 14-17 November 2006
English, 78 pages, published: 10/16/09
NEA#6258, ISBN: 978-92-64-99102-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/6258-FSC-Hungary.pdf
In November 2006, Hungary hosted the 6th National Workshop and Community Visit of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC). Participants included institutional authorities, local residents and stakeholders, 11 mayors and more than 30 FSC delegates from 12 countries. The workshop focused on those factors that contribute either to the success or failure of the siting process for a radioactive waste repository. Experience gained in Hungary over the past two decades provided the context for the discussions. The workshop highlighted the role and modes of operation of local public oversight and information associations, which proved to be instrumental in reaching an agreement between the implementer and the local communities. The workshop included a visit to the community of Bátaapáti and the ongoing project site for an underground repository for short-lived, low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW).
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Research and Test Facilities Required in Nuclear Science and Technology
English, 156 pages, published: 10/09/09
NEA#6293, ISBN: 978-92-64-99070-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2009/6293-Research-Test-Facilities.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Research and Test Facilities Required in Nuclear Science and Technology (Japanese version) 原子力の科学技術で必要とされる試験研究施設 
- Français: Besoins d'installations de recherche et d'expérimentation en sciences et technologies nucléaires 
Experimental facilities are essential research tools both for the development of nuclear science and technology and for testing systems and materials which are currently being used or will be used in the future. As a result of economic pressures and the closure of older facilities, there are concerns that the ability to undertake the research necessary to maintain and to develop nuclear science and technology may be in jeopardy.

An NEA expert group with representation from ten member countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission has reviewed the status of those research and test facilities of interest to the NEA Nuclear Science Committee. They include facilities relating to nuclear data measurement, reactor development, neutron scattering, neutron radiography, accelerator-driven systems, transmutation, nuclear fuel, materials, safety, radiochemistry, partitioning and nuclear process heat for hydrogen production.

This report contains the expert group’s detailed assessment of the current status of these nuclear research facilities and makes recommendations on how future developments in the field can be secured through the provision of high-quality, modern facilities. It also describes the online database which has been established by the expert group which includes more than 700 facilities.
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Stability and Buffering Capacity of the Geosphere for Long-term Isolation of Radioactive Waste: Application to Crystalline Rock
Workshop Proceedings, Manchester, United Kingdom, 13-15 November 2007
English, 304 pages, published: 03/20/09
NEA#6362, ISBN: 978-92-64-06056-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2009/6362-stability-buffering.pdf
Geological settings selected as potential host formations for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste are chosen for, among other assets, their long-term stability and buffering capacity against disruptive or destabilising events and processes. The NEA Integration Group for the Safety Case organised a workshop on geosphere stability to develop a better understanding of the scientific evidence and arguments that contribute to confidence in the geological stability for deep geological disposal.

These proceedings present the outcomes of a geosphere stability workshop, held in November 2007, that focused on crystalline and other types of hard, fractured rocks. The workshop underscored the fact that many such rocks are intrinsically stable environments that evolve extremely slowly and provide good buffering against external events and processes. There is a good understanding of the processes and events that can affect crystalline rocks and, although there is less confidence in predicting exactly when and where such events will occur and the volume of rock that will be affected, the extent of the impacts on a geological repository can be confidently addressed using bounding approaches supported by geological information from similar sites around the world.
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Strategic and Policy Issues Raised by the Transition from Thermal to Fast Nuclear Systems
English, 84 pages, published: 03/13/09
NEA#6352, ISBN: 978-92-64-06064-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2009/6352-strategic-policy-issues.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Questions stratégiques et politiques liées à la transition des systèmes nucléaires thermiques aux systèmes rapides 
The renewed interest in nuclear energy triggered by concerns about global climate change and security of supply, which could lead to substantial growth in nuclear electricity generation, enhances the attractiveness of fast neutron reactors with closed fuel cycles. Moving from the current fleet of thermal neutron reactors to fast neutron systems will require many decades and extensive RD&D efforts. This book identifies and analyses key strategic and policy issues raised by such a transition, aiming at providing guidance to decision makers on the best approaches for implementing transition scenarios.

The topics covered in this book will be of interest to government and nuclear industry policy makers as well as to specialists working on nuclear energy system analyses and advanced fuel cycle issues.
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Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference
Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), 31 May 2007
English, 48 pages, published: 04/01/09
NEA#6451, ISBN: 978-92-64-99078-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6451-crpph-50th-conference.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Rapport de synthèse sur la conférence du 50e anniversaire du CRPPH 
The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) celebrated its 50th anniversary in May 2007. Taking advantage of its half century of experience, the Committee took this occasion to look forward towards the next 50 years in order to identify the most significant emerging challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application. This report summarises the presentations and discussions of the high-level regulators and international radiological protection organisations’ leaders who attended, providing their views on how the radiological protection community can best move forward together to address emerging challenges.

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The Financing of Nuclear Power Plants
English, 74 pages, published: 11/30/09
NEA#6360, ISBN: 978-92-64-07921-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2009/financing-plants.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le financement des centrales nucléaires 
Many countries have recognised that greater use of nuclear power could play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, given the high capital cost and complexity of nuclear power plants, financing their construction often remains a challenge. This is especially true where such financing is left to the private sector in the context of competitive electricity markets.

This study examines the financial risks involved in investing in a new nuclear power plant, how these can be mitigated, and how projects can be structured so that residual risks are taken by those best able to manage them. Given that expansion of nuclear power programmes will require strong and sustained government support, the study highlights the role of governments in facilitating and encouraging investment in new nuclear generating capacity.
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The JEFF-3.1.1 Nuclear Data Library
JEFF Report 22 - Validation Results from JEF-2.2 to JEFF-3.1.1
English, 62 pages, published: 05/05/09
NEA#6807, ISBN: 978-92-64-99074-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-22/nea6807-jeff22.pdf
The JEFF-3.1.1 library is an updated version of the JEFF-3.1 Joint Evaluated File for Fission and Fusion. It consists of sets of evaluated nuclear data for reactor applications. Reliable data of this sort are necessary to improve the safety and economy of existing installations, as well as for the design and efficient operation of advanced nuclear reactors. The improvements in this latest version of the JEFF-3.1.1 library are particularly noteworthy as regards light water reactor applications and the associated fuel cycle.

The present report provides detailed information on the analysis and incremental validation process employed with regard to the JEF-2.2 library, which has provided the basis for the JEFF-3.1.1 library.
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The JEFF-3.1/-3.1.1 Radioactive Decay Data and Fission Yields Sub-libraries
JEFF Report 20
English, 148 pages, published: 09/27/09
NEA#6287, ISBN: 978-92-64-99087-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-20/nea6287-jeff-20.pdf
The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) Project is a collaborative effort among NEA Data Bank member countries to develop a reference nuclear data library for use in different energy applications. Radioactive decay data forms an integral part of the nuclear data requirements for nuclear applications. In 2005, a completely revised library, JEFF-3.1, was made available. The updated JEFF-3.1.1 Radioactive Decay Data and Fission Yields Sub-libraries were released in 2007.

This report describes the development, contents and initial validation of the JEFF-3.1 Radioactive Decay Data and Fission Yields Sub-libraries, including the 2007 update, JEFF-3.1.1, of these sub-libraries.
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The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection
English, 122 pages, published: 03/31/09
NEA#6440, ISBN: 978-92-64-99080-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6440-evolution-int-system-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Japanese version of The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection 
- Français: La contribution de l'AEN à l'évolution du système international de protection radiologique 
Since the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiated a dialogue in 1999 on the evolution of the system of radiological protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has actively engaged in providing the ICRP with input and views. The Committee’s work on this subject has included eight expert group reports, seven international conferences, and four detailed review and comment assessments of draft ICRP recommendations. This report presents a chronological summary of the issues, views and concerns raised by the CRPPH as the ICRP issued various draft versions of its new recommendations (ICRP Publication 103, published in December 2007), and of the response by the ICRP as seen in its subsequent draft recommendations. The interest of this summary report is that it will not only assist readers in understanding the main themes and concepts of the new ICRP recommendations, but also why and how the changes from the previous ICRP Publication 60 recommendations came about.
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Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants
English, 128 pages, published: 07/13/09
NEA#6399, ISBN: 978-92-64-99089-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6399-work-management.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'organisation du travail pour optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle dans les centrales nucléaires 
- Chinese: 核动力厂职业照射辐射防护最优化工作管理 
Since 1992, the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has provided a forum for radiological protection professionals from nuclear power utilities and national regulatory authorities worldwide to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings for the radiological protection of workers at nuclear power plants. The ISOE objective is to improve occupational exposure management at nuclear power plants by exchanging relevant information, data and experience on methods to optimise occupational radiological protection.

This report on work management provides practical guidance on the application of work management principles as a contribution to the optimisation of occupational radiological protection. It recognises that while work management is no longer a new concept, continued efforts are needed to ensure that good performance, outcomes and trends are maintained in the face of current and future challenges. The focus of this report is therefore on presenting the key aspects of work management that should be considered by management and workers to save time, doses and money, supported by updated practical examples from within the ISOE community.

ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net

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2007 NEA Annual Report
English, 48 pages, published: 05/02/08
NEA#6371, ISBN: 978-92-64-99046-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2007/

Other language(s):
- Français: 2007 AEN Rapport annuel 
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A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations
Summary of the Three NEA/ICRP Conferences
English, 44 pages, published: 03/13/08
NEA#6169, ISBN: 978-92-64-99033-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2008/6169-icrp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur les répercussions des recommandations de la CIPR 
Since its inception the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been involved in the assessment and implementation of the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The development of new general ICRP recommendations, to replace those of the 1990 ICRP Publication 60, was thus of great interest to the NEA and its member countries. As a result, the NEA initiated a process of interaction and dialogue with the ICRP to ensure that the views and concerns of NEA member countries could be voiced and appropriately addressed in the new ICRP recommendations. The new ICRP recommendations were approved by the ICRP Main Commission in March 2007, by which point the NEA had sponsored 7 international conferences and produced 13 publications on the subject.

This report is the summary of the three international dialogue conferences (held in Tokyo, 5-6 July 2006, Washington, DC, 28-29 August 2006, and Prague, 24-25 October 2006) that were organised to provide the ICRP with feedback regarding the June 2006 draft of its new recommendations. It includes a presentation of the key points of the draft recommendations, a summary of the suggestions made during the three conferences, and an assessment of the significant evolution that has been seen in the ICRP’s presentation of its draft recommendations over the course of the conference series.
French blurb
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Analytical Benchmarks for Nuclear Engineering Applications
Case Studies in Neutron Transport Theory
English, 296 pages, published: 09/01/08
NEA#6292, ISBN: 978-92-64-99056-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/databank/docs/2008/db-doc2008-1.pdf
Preservation of know-how in the nuclear field is promoted through the activities of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank. One area of importance concerns methods for solving radiation transport problems, especially with regard to neutrons. This handbook (in the form of a case study), prepared by Barry D. Ganapol, is the result of such an initiative. It is a compilation of solutions to the transport equation for which analytical representations can be found. It is designed for educational use in courses on analytical transport methods and numerical methods with application to reactor physics. In addition, it contains elements for the continuous improvement of transport methods and for computer code verification. The areas of neutron slowing down, thermalization and one-, two- and three-dimensional neutron transport theory are covered. A series of training courses, based on this compilation of solutions has recently begun.
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CSNI Collective Statement on Support Facilities for Existing and Advanced Reactors/Déclaration collective du CSIN sur les installations de recherche pour les réacteurs actuels et avancés
The Function of OECD/NEA Joint Projects - NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI)/Utilité des projets communs de l'OCDE/AEN - Comité de l'AEN sur la sûreté des installations nucléaires (CSIN)
Bilingual, 16 pages, published: 05/28/08
NEA#6379, ISBN: 978-92-64-99052-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2008/csni-r2008-5.pdf
The NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) has recently completed a study on the availability and utilisation of facilities supporting safety studies for current and advanced nuclear power reactors. The study showed that significant steps had been undertaken in the past several years in support of safety test facilities, mainly by conducting multinational joint projects centered on the capability of unique test facilities worldwide.

Given the positive experience of the safety research projects, it has been recommended that efforts be made to prioritise technical issues associated with advanced (Generation IV) reactor designs and to develop options on how to efficiently obtain the necessary data through internationally co-ordinated research, preparing a gradual extension of safety research beyond the needs set by currently operating reactors.

This statement constitutes a reference for future CSNI activities and for safety authorities, R&D centres and industry for internationally co-ordinated research initiatives in the nuclear safety research area.


Le Comité de l’AEN sur la sûreté des installations nucléaires (CSIN) a récemment achevé une étude sur la disponibilité et l’utilisation des installations en soutien aux études de sûreté pour les réacteurs nucléaires actuels et avancés. L’étude révèle qu’au cours des dernières années des mesures importantes ont été prises afin de soutenir les installations expérimentales pour la sûreté, essentiellement consistant en la mise en œuvre de projets multinationaux centrés sur le caractère unique de certaines installations dans le monde.

Au vu de l’expérience positive des projets de recherche en sûreté, il a été recommandé que des efforts soient faits pour hiérarchiser les questions techniques associées aux conceptions de réacteurs avancés (Génération IV) et de proposer des solutions pour obtenir efficacement les données nécessaires au moyen d’une recherche internationale coordonnée en préparant une extension progressive de la recherche en sûreté au-delà des besoins correspondant aux réacteurs actuellement en exploitation.

Cette déclaration constitue une référence pour les activités futures du CSIN ainsi que pour les autorités de sûreté, les centres de R-D et l’industrie en vue d’initiatives coordonnées de recherche internationale dans le domaine de la sûreté nucléaire.
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 26) + CD-ROM
Uncertainty and Target Accuracy Assessment for Innovative Systems Using Recent Covariance Data Evaluations (Volume 26)
English, 196 pages, published: 09/01/08
NEA#6410, ISBN: 978-92-64-99053-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume26/volume26.pdf
This publication reports the conclusions from the work undertaken by Subgroup 26 of the NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC), which focused on the development of a systematic approach to define data needs for advanced reactor systems and to make a comprehensive study of such needs for Generation IV (Gen-IV) reactors. A comprehensive sensitivity and uncertainty study has been performed to evaluate the impact of neutron cross-section uncertainty on the most significant integral parameters related to the core and fuel cycle of a wide range of innovative systems. A compilation of preliminary “Design Target Accuracies” has been put together and a target accuracy assessment has been performed to provide an indicative quantitative evaluation of nuclear data improvement requirements by isotope, nuclear reaction and energy range, in order to meet the design target accuracies, as compiled in the present study. First priorities were formulated on the basis of common needs for fast reactors and, separately, thermal systems.
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Market Competition in the Nuclear Industry
English, 124 pages, published: 09/05/08
NEA#6246, ISBN: 978-92-64-05406-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2008/6246-market-competition.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La concurrence sur les marchés de l'industrie nucléaire 
Nuclear power plants require a wide variety of specialised equipment, materials and services for their construction, operation and fuelling. There has been much consolidation and retrenchment in the nuclear industry since the 1980s, with the emergence of some large global nuclear companies. Electricity market liberalisation in many OECD countries has meanwhile placed nuclear plant operators under increased competitive pressure.

These structural changes in both the producer and consumer sides of the nuclear industry have had implications for the level of competition in the nuclear engineering and fuel cycle markets. With renewed expansion of nuclear power now anticipated, this study examines competition in the major nuclear industry sectors at present, and how this may change with a significant upturn in demand.
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Moving Forward with Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
A Collective Statement by the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC)
English, 24 pages, published: 09/01/08
NEA#6433, ISBN: 978-92-64-99057-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/nea6433-statement.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Progresser sur la voie du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs 
The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) has underscored the environmental and ethical basis for geological disposal as well as its technical feasibility in a number of previous collective statements. In the intervening period there have been advances and evolving views regarding the appropriate methodologies, policies, and decision-making processes. In addition much further practical experience has accumulated regarding the development of geological repositories. The RWMC expresses herewith, in a concise form, its collective views on why geological disposal remains an appropriate waste management choice for the disposal of the most hazardous and long-lived radioactive wastes, on the current status of geological disposal, on challenges and opportunities for implementation, and expectations for further developments.
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NEA 50th Anniversary Historical Review
English, 48 pages, published: 10/10/08
NEA#6365
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/general/reports/nea6365-50th-historical.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Brochure 50e anniversaire de l'Agence 
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NEA News Vol. 26
English, 48 pages, published: 12/31/08
NEA#6367, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/newsletter/2008/NEA_News_Vol_26.pdf
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Nuclear Energy Data 2008/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2008
Bilingual, 116 pages, published: 07/11/08
NEA#6347, ISBN: 978-92-64-04796-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2008/6347-BB-2008.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, provides information on the latest plans for new nuclear construction, nuclear fuel cycle developments and projections of installed nuclear capacity to 2030 in member countries. This comprehensive overview of the current situation and expected trends in various sectors of the nuclear fuel cycle is an authoritative reference for policy makers, experts and academics working in the nuclear energy field.

Cette nouvelle édition des Données sur l'énergie nucléaire de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire, une compilation annuelle de statistiques essentielles sur l'énergie nucléaire, décrit les derniers développements dans les projets de construction de centrales nucléaires et le cycle du combustible et présente des projections de la puissance nucléaire installée dans les pays membres jusqu'en 2030. Ce panorama complet de la situation actuelle et des tendances qui se dessinent dans divers secteurs du cycle du combustible nucléaire constitue l'ouvrage de référence pour les décideurs, les spécialistes et les chercheurs qui travaillent dans ce domaine.
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Nuclear Energy Outlook (NEO)
English, 460 pages, published: 11/13/08
NEA#6436, ISBN: 978-92-64-05410-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/2008/6436-nuclear-energy-outlook-2008.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Perspectives de l'énergie nucléaire 
- Japanese: Nuclear Energy Outlook - 2008 (Japanese version) 
This Nuclear Energy Outlook (NEO) is the first of its kind and responds to the renewed interest in nuclear energy by many OECD member countries. World energy demand continues to grow unabated and is leading to very serious concerns about security of supply, soaring energy prices and climate change stemming from fossil fuel consumption. Nuclear energy is being increasingly seen as having a role to play in addressing these concerns.

This Outlook uses the most current data and statistics available and provides projections up to 2050 to consider growth scenarios and potential implications on the future use of nuclear energy. It also offers unique analyses and recommendations on the possible challenges that lie ahead.

Topics covered by the NEO include nuclear power’s current status and projected trends, environmental impacts, uranium resources and security of supply, costs, safety and regulation, radioactive waste management and decommissioning, non-proliferation and security, legal frameworks, infrastructure, stakeholder engagement, advanced reactors and advanced fuel cycles.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 81 (June 2008)
English, 134 pages, published: 07/10/08
NEA#6381, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb81.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n°. 81 (Juin 2008) 
ARTICLES
-Looking Backward, Moving Forward: Licensing New Reactors in the United States, by Stephen G. Burns
-The EU and Non-Proliferation: Need for a Quantum Leap?, by Roland Kobia
-Environmental Law Developments in Nuclear Energy, by Stanley David Berger
-Perspective on the Pros and Cons of a Pooling-Type Approach to Nuclear Third Party Liability, by Simon Carroll
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 82 (December 2008)
English, 244 pages, published: 12/31/08
NEA#6383, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb82.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 82 (Décembre 2008) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2006)
Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2006
English, 120 pages, published: 02/14/08
NEA#6318, ISBN: 978-92-64-99042-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2008/6318-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. A total of 71 utilities in 29 countries participate in the programme as well as the regulatory authorities of 25 countries. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 401 operating commercial nuclear power plants (representing about 91% of the world's total operating commercial reactors), as well as 80 units undergoing decommissioning.

The Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2006 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Regulating the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
Relevant Issues and Emerging Practices
English, 84 pages, published: 09/25/08
NEA#6401, ISBN: 978-92-64-99059-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/ne6401-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dispositions réglementaires pour le déclassement des installations nucléaires 
The removal of fuel from a permanently shutdown nuclear facility eliminates the major source of radiological hazard, a nuclear criticality. Combined with the cessation of operations at high temperatures and pressures, the risk to public health and to the environment is thereby very significantly reduced. The process of decommissioning does however necessitate processes involving both conventional and radiological hazards such as the cutting and dismantling of structures, plant and equipment and the use of explosive cutting techniques. Some radiological hazards remain because of the possibility of coming into contact with radioactively contaminated or activated material.

This report considers how regulatory arrangements are being adapted to the continuously changing environment, and associated risk levels in a nuclear facility that is being decommissioned. It uses examples of current practices in several countries with large decommissioning programmes to illustrate emerging regulatory trends.
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Regulating the Long-term Safety of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Practical Issues and Challenges
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28-30 November 2006
English, 168 pages, published: 07/10/08
NEA#6423, ISBN: 978-92-64-04812-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2008/6423-regulating-long-term-safety.pdf
Regulating the long-term safety of geological disposal of radioactive waste is a key part of making progress on the radioactive waste management issue. A survey of member countries has shown that differences exist both in the protection criteria being applied and in the methods for demonstrating compliance, reflecting historical and cultural differences between countries which in turn result in a diversity of decision-making approaches and frameworks. At the same time, however, these differences in criteria are unlikely to result in significant differences in long-term protection, as all the standards being proposed are well below levels at which actual effects of radiological exposure can be observed and a range of complementary requirements is foreseen.

In order to enable experts from a wide range of backgrounds to debate the various aspects of these findings, the NEA organised an international workshop in November 2006 in Paris, France. Discussions focused on diversity in regulatory processes; the basis and tools for assuring long-term protection; ethical responsibilities of one generation to later generations and how these can be discharged; and adapting regulatory processes to the long time frames involved in implementing geological disposal. These proceedings include a summary of the viewpoints expressed as well as the 22 papers presented at the workshop.
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Release of Radioactive Materials and Buildings from Regulatory Control
A Status Report
English, 72 pages, published: 11/19/08
NEA#6403, ISBN: 978-92-64-99061-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/nea6403-regulatory.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Libération des matériaux et bâtiments radioactifs du contrôle réglementaire 
The radiological concept of clearance can be defined as the release of radioactive materials or buildings from any further regulatory control applied for radiological protection purposes by the competent body. It is generally based on the assumption that, following clearance, any potential radiological exposure of the public will be trivial.

Clearance is now a mature concept being used for the management of large amounts of radioactive materials (including metals, building rubble, cables and plastics) and disused buildings associated with a controlled nuclear activity. There are, however, differences in the ways in which clearance is dealt with in the regulatory frameworks of various countries and the ways in which clearance has been implemented in diverse decommissioning projects.

This report provides up-to-date information on an array of national approaches to clearance. It should be of particular help to those planning the implementation of a clearance procedure, such as that for decommissioning a nuclear facility.
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Safety Cases for Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand?
Symposium Proceedings, Paris, France, 23-25 January 2007
English, 424 pages, published: 04/30/08
NEA#6319, ISBN: 978-92-64-99050-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/ne6319-safety.pdf
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) hosted an international symposium on “Safety Cases for the Deep Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand?” in January 2007. The NEA has spearheaded important developments in defining, and in developing methodologies to support, demonstrations of safety for deep disposal, including a similar symposium nearly two decades ago that provided the basis for a 1991 NEA collective opinion that the technical basis and methods exist for undertaking safety assessment of deep geological disposal. The 2007 symposium, co-sponsored by the European Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency, provided the opportunity to review progress and to identify emerging trends and challenges. It brought together experts in the field of radioactive waste disposal from waste management organisations, regulatory agencies, scientific support organisations, international agencies, private sector consultants, and public interest groups both within and beyond NEA member countries.

The symposium showed that safety cases for radioactive waste disposal have evolved to become important tools both to assess safety and to aid in decision making. There is a good, shared understanding of what a safety case is and what comprises its main components. Importantly, the concept of a safety case today encompasses not only quantitative assessments of potential repository performance but also includes additional (and often more qualitative) lines of evidence and arguments that can contribute to confidence in safety. There has been significant evolution in terms of the analytical tools, lines of evidence, range of performance indicators and communication of the safety case. The value of international co-operation and dialogue in developing the concept and methodology of safety cases was underscored. These proceedings describe the discussions and conclusions of the symposium, and provide copies of the technical papers presented.
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Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS)
Workshop Proceedings, Karlsruhe, Germany, 4-6 June 2007
English, 544 pages, published: 07/10/08
NEA#6260, ISBN: 978-92-64-04806-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2008/6260-smins2008.pdf
Structural materials research is a field of growing relevance in the nuclear sector, especially for the different innovative reactor systems being developed within the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), for critical and subcritical transmutation systems, and of interest to the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). Under the auspices of the NEA Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) the Workshop on Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems (SMINS) was organised in collaboration with the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in Germany. The objectives of the workshop were to exchange information on structural materials research issues and to discuss ongoing programmes, both experimental and in the field of advanced modelling. These proceedings include the papers and the poster session materials presented at the workshop, representing the international state of the art in this domain.
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The Regulatory Goal of Assuring Nuclear Safety
English, 56 pages, published: 02/29/08
NEA#6273, ISBN: 978-92-64-99044-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2008/nea6273-goal.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Assurer la sûreté nucléaire : la mission des autorités réglementaires 
The fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that nuclear facilities are operated, as well as decommissioned, in an acceptably safe manner. However, in meeting this objective the regulator must keep in mind that it is the operator that has responsibility for safely operating a nuclear facility; the role of the regulator is to oversee the operator’s activities as related to assuming that responsibility.

There are currently many sources of information available to the regulator pertaining to safety at any given nuclear facility, such as inspection reports, operating experience reports, research results, periodic safety reviews, probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) results, insights from IAEA reviews and other similar information. A major challenge for the regulator is to systematically collect and analyse this information in order to arrive at an integrated assessment of the level of safety of the particular facility and then to make a judgement about its acceptability. In order to assist member countries in addressing this challenging question, the Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has sponsored this report.

The primary focus of the report is on how the regulatory body can systematically collect and make an integrated analysis of all the relevant safety information available to it and arrive at a sound judgement on the acceptability of the level of safety of the facilities that it regulates. It therefore follows that the target audience for this report is primarily nuclear regulators, although the information and ideas may also be of interest to nuclear operators, other nuclear industry organisations and segments of civil society.
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The Role of Research in a Regulatory Context (RRRC-2)
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 5 December 2007
English, 136 pages, published: 02/29/08
NEA#6377, ISBN: 978-92-64-99045-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2008/csni-r2008-3.pdf
This workshop enabled the exchange of experience among regulators, research managers and industry on the needs, priorities and foreseeable trends for nuclear safety research in a regulatory context. It also addressed the means that are or can be used for effectively performing such research.

The presentations highlighted priority safety issues, at present and in the near term, for operating plants and new reactors. During the workshop, participants discussed the challenges that the nuclear community will face in the long term for performing safety evaluations of advanced reactor designs, and explored various avenues for organising the research and infrastructure that will be needed.

These proceedings will be of particular interest to nuclear specialists and research managers wishing to obtain an international perspective of current and foreseeable needs in regulatory-driven nuclear safety research.
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Timing of High-level Waste Disposal
English, 132 pages, published: 05/15/08
NEA#6244, ISBN: 978-92-64-04625-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2008/6244-timing-waste-disposal.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stockage définitif des déchets de haute activité : calendrier de mise en œuvre 
This study identifies key factors influencing the timing of high-level waste (HLW) disposal and examines how social acceptability, technical soundness, environmental responsibility and economic feasibility impact on national strategies for HLW management and disposal. Based on case study analyses, it also presents the strategic approaches adopted in a number of national policies to address public concerns and civil society requirements regarding long-term stewardship of high-level radioactive waste.

The findings and conclusions of the study confirm the importance of informing all stakeholders and involving them in the decision-making process in order to implement HLW disposal strategies successfully. This study will be of considerable interest to nuclear energy policy makers and analysts as well as to experts in the area of radioactive waste management and disposal.
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Uranium 2007: Resources, Production and Demand
English, 420 pages, published: 06/10/08
NEA#6345, ISBN: 978-92-64-78978-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2008/6345-uranium-2007.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 2007 : Ressources, production et demande 
With several countries building nuclear power plants and many more considering the use of nuclear power to produce electricity in order to meet rising demand, the uranium industry has become the focus of considerable attention. In response to rising demand and declining inventories, uranium prices have increased dramatically in recent years. As a result, the uranium industry is undergoing a significant revival, bringing to an end a period of over 20 years of underinvestment.

The “Red Book”, jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is a recognised world reference on uranium. It is based on official information received from 40 countries. This 22nd edition provides a comprehensive review of world uranium supply and demand as of 1st January 2007, as well as data on global uranium exploration, resources, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantive new information from major uranium production centres in Africa, Australia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe and North America. Projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements through 2030 are also featured, along with an analysis of long-term uranium supply and demand issues.
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Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (HPPA5)
Workshop Proceedings, Mol, Belgium, 6-9 May 2007
English, 456 pages, published: 04/03/08
NEA#6259, ISBN: 978-92-64-04478-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2008/6259-HPPA-Belgium.pdf
The accelerator-driven system (ADS) is one of the viable concepts for transmuting the long-lived isotopes contained in spent nuclear fuel and for this reason has been receiving considerable interest. In turn, attention must be given to the high power proton accelerators whose reliability and performance are key to the functioning of the ADS.

It is in this context that the NEA organised the fifth workshop on the Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators (HPPA5) which was held on 6-9 May 2007 in Mol, Belgium. The workshop included a special session on the MEGAPIE programme as well as five technical sessions: accelerator programmes and applications; accelerator reliability; spallation target development and coolant technology; subcritical system design and ADS simulations; and ADS experiments and test facilities. These proceedings contain all the technical papers presented at the workshop and will be of particular interest to scientists working on ADS development.

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2006 NEA Annual Report
English, 52 pages, published: 04/20/07
NEA#6266, ISBN: 978-92-64-99003-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2006/

Other language(s):
- Français: 2006 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Ninth Information Exchange Meeting, Nîmes, France, 25-29 September 2006
English, 752 pages, published: 10/29/07
NEA#6282, ISBN: 978-92-64-99030-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2007/nea6282-iempt9.pdf
Partitioning and transmutation (P&T) has the potential of significantly reducing the radiotoxicity of nuclear waste and thus minimising the amount of it that needs to be stored in deep geological repositories. In order to provide experts with a forum to present and discuss developments in the field of P&T, since 1990 the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has been organising biennial information exchange meetings on actinide and fission product partitioning and transmutation.

These proceedings contain all the technical papers and posters presented at the Ninth Information Exchange Meeting, which was held on 25-29 September 2006 in Nîmes, France. The meeting covered such issues as progress in fuels and targets, partitioning and waste forms, spallation targets, dedicated transmutation systems, coolants, and physics and nuclear data. In addition, the integration of P&T programmes within different fuel cycle strategies was discussed, as well as the potential transmutation of waste in Generation IV reactors. The implications for waste management strategies, in particular for geological disposal, were also explored. More than 100 papers were presented during the meeting.
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Assessment of Fission Product Decay Data for Decay Heat Calculations
International Evaluation Co-operation, Volume 25
English, 60 pages, published: 11/14/07
NEA#6284, ISBN: 978-92-64-99034-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume25/volume25.pdf
This publication presents the conclusions of the work undertaken by Subgroup 25 of the NEA Working Party on International Evaluation Co-operation, which focused on the assessment and improvement of the evaluated decay data sub-libraries in order to obtain more accurate estimations of decay heat. Recommendations have been prepared for total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy (TAGS) measurements of specific fission product nuclides to be undertaken in close collaboration with experimentalists in Subgroup 25.
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Benchmarking of CFD Codes for Application to Nuclear Reactor Safety (CFD4NRS) - CD-ROM
Workshop Proceedings, Garching (Munich), Germany, 5-7 September 2006
English, 65 pages, published: 03/13/07
NEA#6298
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2007/nea6298-benchmarking.html
On 5-7 September 2006, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency organised a workshop on Benchmarking of CFD Codes for Application to Nuclear Reactor Safety (CFD4NRS) in co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The workshop was hosted in Germany by the Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). The purpose of the workshop was to provide a forum for numerical analysts and experimentalists to exchange information on nuclear reactor safety activities relevant to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation, with the objective of providing input to create a practical, state-of-the-art, web-based assessment matrix on the use of CFD for nuclear reactor safety applications. These proceedings contain the 39 technical papers presented at the workshop, which was attended by 100 participants.
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Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase II-C
Phase II-C: Impact of the Asymmetry of PWR Axial Burn-up Profiles on the End Effect
English, 512 pages, published: 09/09/08
NEA#5435, ISBN: 978-92-64-99049-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5435-burnup-IIC.pdf
Since 1991, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has conducted a number of scientific studies to examine nuclear fuel burn-up issues as applied to criticality safety in the transportation, storage and treatment of spent fuel. They have covered a wide range of fuel types, including UOX and MOX fuels for PWR, BWR and VVER reactors.

The objective of the current study was to examine the axial burn-up profiles of PWR UO2 spent fuel assemblies and specifically the fuel assembly end effects and the axial fission density distributions. The study was based on the evaluation of a database of experimentally measured axial burn-up profiles of the Siemens Convoy fuel assemblies, irradiated in the German nuclear power plant Neckarwestheim II.

The report analyses and summarises the solutions to the specified benchmark exercises provided by ten contributors from seven countries. It shows that there is a significant correlation between the asymmetry of axial fuel assembly burn-up profiles and both the end effect and the axial fission density distribution. The results also illustrate the importance of using accurate axial fuel burn-up profiles when designing transport/storage fuel casks.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 9
Level-2 PSA for Nuclear Power Plants
English, 32 pages, published: 04/20/07
NEA#5352, ISBN: 978-92-64-99008-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2007/nea5352-level2-psa.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - N° 9 
This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of risk analysts in NEA member countries on the current state of the art of level-2 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) and its applications in accident management of nuclear power plants. Level-2 PSA models the phenomena that could occur following the onset of core damage that have the potential to challenge the containment integrity and lead to a release of radioactive material to the environment. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on the status as implemented in industrial PSAs.

The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, researchers and industry representatives dealing with safety management and severe accidents. Government authorities and nuclear power plant operators may also be interested in the paper.

CSNI: NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations.
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Chemical Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions of Interest in Nuclear Waste Management - Volume 10
A State-of-the-art Report
English, 288 pages, published: 07/25/07
NEA#6255, ISBN: 978-92-64-02655-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2007/6255-DB-chemical-thermodyn-10.pdf
This volume provides a state-of-the-art report on the modelling of aqueous-solid solution systems by the combined use of chemical thermodynamics and experimental and computational techniques. These systems are ubiquitous in nature and therefore intrinsic to the understanding and quantification of radionuclide containment and retardation processes present in geological repositories of radioactive waste. Representative cases for study have been chosen from the radioactive waste literature to illustrate the application of the various approaches.

This report has been prepared by a team of four leading experts in the field under the auspices of the OECD/NEA Thermochemical Database (TDB) Project. The team comprised Jordi Bruno (Enviros, Spain), Dirk Bosbach (FZK, Germany), Dmitrii Kulik (PSI, Switzerland) and Alexandra Navrotsky (UC Davis, USA).
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Cultural and Structural Changes in Radioactive Waste Management Organisations
Lessons Learnt
English, 44 pages, published: 12/12/07
NEA#6180, ISBN: 978-92-64-99036-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6180-cultural.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Changements culturels et organisationnels dans les organismes de gestion des déchets radioactifs 
In recent years the socio-political environment of radioactive waste management (RWM) has been changing in a significant way. Stakeholder dialogue has become a leading principle. How have RWM organisations adapted to this societal transition? How do they balance the requirement of openness and the increasing concerns over the security of facilities? Are there organisations that have successfully changed from a technical- to a customer-focused culture? What resistance was met? Which tools and instruments helped organisations evolve?

This report documents the changes observed by RWM managers and sets those changes in an organisational sciences framework. All those who are intent on learning about the changes that have taken place in the field of radioactive waste management, or whose own organisations in any sector must adapt to societal demand, will be interested by the experience and insight reported here.
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Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Safety Case: Design Confirmation and Demonstration
Workshop Proceedings, Tokyo, Japan, 12-15 September 2006
English, 150 pages, published: 11/21/07
NEA#6257, ISBN: 978-92-64-03995-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6257-EBS-design-confirmation.pdf
The presence of several barriers serving complementary safety functions enhances confidence that radioactive waste placed in deep geological repositories will be adequately isolated and contained to protect human health and the environment. The barriers include the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system (EBS). The EBS itself may comprise a variety of sub-systems or components, such as the waste form, container, buffer, backfill, seals and plugs. Given the importance of this subject, the Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) sponsored a series of workshops with the European Commission to develop greater understanding of how to achieve the necessary integration for the successful design, testing, modelling and performance assessment of EBS for deep underground disposal of radioactive waste.

These proceedings present the main findings from, and the papers delivered at, the fourth NEA-EC workshop on EBS, which took place in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2006. This final workshop of the series focused on strategies and methods to demonstrate that EBS designs will fulfil the relevant requirements for long-term safety, engineering feasibility and quality assurance. The workshop highlighted that large-scale experiments have confirmed the feasibility of techniques for manufacturing and installing engineered components in disposal systems and have also provided valuable lessons to improve designs and refine practical aspects to construct and implement EBS.
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Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Safety Case: The Role of Modelling
Workshop Proceedings, La Coruna, Spain, 24-26 August 2005
English, 192 pages, published: 02/16/07
NEA#6118, ISBN: 978-92-64-00664-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6118-EBS-role-of-modelling.pdf
In the deep disposal of radioactive waste, the presence of several barriers serving complementary safety functions enhances confidence that the waste will be isolated and contained to protect human health and the environment. The barriers include the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system (EBS). The EBS itself may comprise a variety of sub-systems or components, such as the waste form, container, buffer, backfill, seals and plugs. The Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is co-sponsoring a series of workshops with the European Commission to develop greater understanding of how to achieve the necessary integration for the successful design, testing, modelling and performance assessment of engineered barrier systems (EBS) for deep underground disposal of radioactive waste.

These proceedings include the main findings and presented papers from the third NEA-EC workshop on engineered barrier systems, which focused on the role of EBS modelling in the safety case for deep disposal. Some national programmes are placing increased emphasis on EBS and, as implementation of underground repositories approaches, more realistic assessments of EBS performance are needed. The workshop examined the modelling tools currently available and identified complex areas of assessment in which further dialogue is needed.
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Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law
A Baseline Survey
English, 64 pages, published: 02/26/07
NEA#6172, ISBN: 978-92-64-99000-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6172-law.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law - 法令にみる環境放射線防護 
- Français: Le droit de la protection radiologique de l'environnement 
This publication describes a study of international, European and national legislation which protect the environment from radiation. Countries covered include Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The analysis of the legislation draws conclusions about how well the environment is protected from radiation, and identifies strengths and weaknesses of current approaches as well as trends in regulation. The book will be useful reading for regulators and policy makers in radiological protection, but also for those interested in environmental regulation more generally.
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Evaluation of Uncertainties in Relation to Severe Accident and Level-2 Probabilistic Safety Analysis - CD-ROM
Workshop Proceedings, Aix-en-Provence, France, 7-9 November 2005
English, 65 pages, published: 03/13/07
NEA#6053
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2007/nea6053-uncertainties.html
Uncertainty in relation to several severe accident phenomena plays a major role in probabilistic safety analyses involving beyond-design-basis accident scenarios for nuclear power plants. The technical papers presented herein will be valuable for nuclear safety analysts, nuclear power plant designers and R&D managers, especially with regard to unresolved severe accident issues or issues where risk uncertainty is high.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Third Asian Regional Conference - Tokyo)
Third Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 5-6 July 2006
English, 244 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6336, ISBN: 978-92-64-04209-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6336-third-asian-conference.pdf
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has actively participated in discussions with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) regarding the development of new recommendations that will replace those in ICRP Publication 60, which has long served as the international standard in this field. Part of this development process has involved the organisation of seven international workshops, including the First and Second Asian Regional Conferences on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection which took place in Tokyo, Japan in October 2002 and July 2004. The Third Asian Regional Conference was held on 5-6 July 2006, also in Tokyo.

The main objective of these conferences was to ensure that the views and concerns of relevant Asian stakeholders, such as regulatory authorities, industry, professional societies and NGOs, could be expressed and discussed with the ICRP. The three conferences provided the ICRP with specific views on how new recommendations could best be developed to address regulatory and implementation needs in the Asian context. These proceedings summarise the results and key discussions of the Third Asian Regional Conference.
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Experience from the Third International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX 3) on Consequence Management
English, 48 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6163, ISBN: 978-92-64-99040-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6163-inex3.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Enseignements tirés du troisième Exercice international d'urgence nucléaire (INEX 3) sur la gestion des conséquences 
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has offered its member countries a forum for improving efficiency and effectiveness in nuclear emergency management, focusing in particular on the international aspects of emergency preparedness and response. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series.

The INEX 3 consequence management exercise series was developed by the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters in response to its members’ desire to better prepare for the longer-term response following a nuclear or radiological emergency. INEX 3 was designed and conducted to allow participants to investigate the national and international arrangements for responding to widespread radiological contamination of the environment and the consequence management issues likely to be raised in the medium to long term following such an event. The main areas addressed included agriculture and food countermeasures, decisions on countermeasures such as travel, trade or tourism, recovery management and public information. The exercise series, conducted in 2005-2006, was followed by an evaluation workshop aimed at allowing participants to share their national experiences with INEX 3, compare approaches, analyse the implications on decision making and identify key needs in longer-term consequence management.

This report summarises the development of the INEX 3 exercise, the major evaluation outcomes of the national exercises, and the key policy-level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities arising from the exercise and workshop.
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Fifty Years of Radiological Protection
The CRPPH 50th Anniversary Commemorative Review
English, 112 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6280, ISBN: 978-92-64-99017-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6280-commemorative.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Cinquante ans de radioprotection 
On 21 March 1957, the Steering Committee for Nuclear Energy of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation established the Working Party on Public Health and Safety. From this early date onwards, radiological protection formed a central part of the work of what was to become the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.

Now, 50 years later, the Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has commissioned this historical review of half a century of work and accomplishments. Over this period, the key topics in radiological protection have been identified, debated and addressed by the CRPPH. This report brings this history to life, presenting the major questions in the context of their time, and of the personalities who worked to address them. The developments and views of the past condition how we are able to assess and manage radiological risks today, as well as how we may adjust to challenges that will or could emerge in the coming years. This heritage is thus an important element for the CRPPH to consider as it looks forward to its next 50 years of accomplishments.
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Fostering a Durable Relationship between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community
Adding Value through Design and Process
English, 60 pages, published: 06/14/07
NEA#6176, ISBN: 978-92-64-99015-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6176-fostering.pdf

Other language(s):
- Swedish: Att skapa en hållbar relation mellan en avfallsanläggning för hantering av radioaktivt avfall och dess värdkommun 
- Français: Créer un lien durable entre une installation de gestion de déchets et sa collectivité d'accueil 
Any long-term radioactive waste management project is likely to last decades to centuries. It requires a physical site and will impact in a variety of ways on the surrounding community over that whole period. The societal durability of an agreed solution is essential to success. This report identifies a number of design elements (including functional, cultural and physical features) that favour a durable relationship between the facility and its host community by improving prospects for quality of life across generations.
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Handbook on Lead-bismuth Eutectic Alloy and Lead Properties, Materials Compatibility, Thermal-hydraulics and Technologies
English, 692 pages, published: 05/31/07
NEA#6195, ISBN: 978-92-64-99002-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/reports/2007/6195-lbe-handbook-2007.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 铅与铅铋共晶合金手册性能、材料相容性、热工水力学和技术 - 2007版 
As part of the development of advanced nuclear systems, including accelerator-driven systems (ADS) proposed for high-level radioactive waste transmutation and generation IV reactors, heavy liquid metals such as lead (Pb) or lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) are under evaluation as reactor core coolant and ADS neutron target material. Heavy liquid metals are also being envisaged as target materials for high-power neutron spallation sources. The objective of this handbook is to collate and publish properties and experimental results on Pb and LBE in a consistent format in order to provide designers with a single source of qualified properties and data and to guide subsequent development efforts. The handbook covers liquid Pb and LBE properties, materials compatibility and testing issues, key aspects of the thermal-hydraulics and system technologies, existing test facilities, open issues and perspectives.
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Innovation in Nuclear Energy Technology
English, 118 pages, published: 02/21/07
NEA#6103, ISBN: 978-92-64-00644-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2007/6103-innovation-technology.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Innovation dans la technologie nucléaire 
Innovation has been a driving force in the successful deployment of nuclear energy and remains essential today for its sustainable future. As nuclear energy is an attractive option for ensuring diversity and security of energy supply, as well as lower global climate change risks, the way to continue this innovation is a key issue for industry and interested governments. For greater innovation in the nuclear area to be realised, more in-depth discussions on ways and means for promoting nuclear innovation are crucial, and enhanced knowledge of nuclear innovation systems is required.

This report provides an overview of the state of the art in nuclear innovation systems, including their driving forces, main actors, institutional and legal frameworks, and infrastructure for knowledge and programme management. It also offers policy recommendations based on country reports and case studies supplied by participating member countries.
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Linkage of Geoscientific Arguments and Evidence in Supporting the Safety Case
Second AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Toronto, Canada, 20-22 September 2005
English, 275 pages, published: 06/22/07
NEA#6119, ISBN: 978-92-64-01966-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6119-linkage-geoscientific-arguments-safety-case.pdf
The long-term safety of deep disposal of radioactive waste will be strongly dependent on the performance of the geological setting. The geology fulfils important safety functions including isolating the waste from human contact or intrusion, providing a stable physical and chemical environment, insulating against external disturbances, and preventing or delaying the transport of radioactive materials away from the waste. Thus, a sound understanding of the geology's history and evolution is central in supporting assessments that examine the long-term performance and safety of deep disposal. Geological data can also play an important role in other related activities, such as site selection and repository design.

Through a series of technical workshops, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) project on Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case (AMIGO), is devoted to defining and improving the collection and use of geological evidence that contribute to the understanding of long-term safety for radioactive waste disposal. The second AMIGO workshop was organised in Canada in September 2005. It examined how geoscientific arguments and data are compiled and linked to create a unified description of the geological setting to support a safety case. It also examined practical aspects and limitations in collecting, linking, extrapolating and communicating such information. These proceedings present the outcomes of the workshop.
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Management of Recyclable Fissile and Fertile Materials
English, 84 pages, published: 04/27/07
NEA#6107, ISBN: 978-92-64-03255-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2007/6107-manage-recyclable.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Gestion des matières fissiles et fertiles recyclables 
Interest in nuclear energy continues to grow in many countries as a means to ensure security of energy supply and to limit greenhouse gas emissions from the power sector. In this context, recyclable materials constitute an asset for broadening the resource base for nuclear fuel supply, especially in medium- and long-term perspectives.

This report provides an overview of recyclable fissile and fertile materials inventories which can be reused as nuclear fuel. It reviews the options available for managing those materials, through recycling and/or disposal. The potential energetic value of recyclable materials is assessed, taking into account the variability of retrievable energy contents of various materials according to technology and strategy choices made by the owners of the materials.

The analyses contained in this report will be of particular interest to energy policy makers and to nuclear fuel cycle experts.
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Mixed-oxide (MOX) Fuel Performance Benchmark
Summary of the Results for the Halden Reactor Project MOX Rods
English, 64 pages, published: 06/21/07
NEA#4450, ISBN: 978-92-64-99019-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2007/nsc-doc2007-6.pdf
The plutonium produced during the operation of commercial nuclear power plants or that has become available from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons needs to be properly managed. One important contribution to the management process consists in validating the calculation methods and nuclear data used for the prediction of power in systems burning mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel. Another important contribution is the improved modelling of MOX fuel behaviour in such systems.

Within the framework of the NEA Expert Group on Reactor-based Plutonium Disposition, a fuel modelling code benchmark test for MOX fuel was initiated, with in-pile irradiation data on two short MOX rods provided by the OECD/NEA Halden Reactor Project. This report summarises the in-pile data and fuel characteristics, and presents the calculation results provided by the contributors.
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NEA News Vol. 25.1
English, 40 pages, published: 06/28/07
NEA#6268, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2007/NEA_News-25-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 25.1 
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NEA News Vol. 25.2
English, 44 pages, published: 12/14/07
NEA#6270
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2007/NEA_News-25-2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 25.2 
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Nuclear Energy Data 2007/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2007
Bilingual, 100 pages, published: 06/14/07
NEA#6248, ISBN: 978-92-64-03453-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2007/6248-BB-2007.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, offers projections lengthened to 2030 for the first time and information on the development of new centrifuge enrichment capacity in member countries. The compilation gives readers a comprehensive and easy-to-access overview of the current situation and expected trends in various sectors of the nuclear fuel cycle, providing authoritative information to policy makers, experts and academics working in the nuclear energy field.

Cette nouvelle édition des Données sur l’énergie nucléaire, publication annuelle de l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire qui rassemble les données statistiques essentielles de ce secteur dans les pays de l’OCDE, présente des prévisions qui pour la première fois vont jusqu’en 2030, ainsi que des informations sur la mise en œuvre de capacités d’enrichissement par centrifugation dans les pays membres. Cet ouvrage offre au lecteur un tour d’horizon complet et facile à consulter de la situation et des tendances dans les divers secteurs du cycle du combustible nucléaire, et notamment des informations qui font autorité à l’intention des décideurs publics, des experts et des chercheurs travaillant dans le domaine de l’énergie nucléaire.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 79 (June 2007)
English, 88 pages, published: 07/04/07
NEA#6262, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb79.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 79 (Juin 2007) 
ARTICLES
- The Universal Legal Framework Against Nuclear Terrorism, by Walter Gehr
- The Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage: Catalyst for a Global Nuclear Liability Regime, by Ben McRae
- International Pooling of Operators’ Funds: An Option to Increase the Amount of Financial Security to Cover Nuclear Liability?, by Norbert Pelzer
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 80 - Volume 2007/2
English, 120 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6264, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb80.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 80 - Volume 2007/2 
ARTICLES
- Judicial Progress in Germany?s Nuclear Waste Disposal Policy, The Konrad Repository Decisions of 26 March 2007, by Gunther Kuhne
- Critical Reflections on the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, by Quentin Michel
- The ?Incentive? Concept as Developed in the Nuclear Safety Conventions and its Possible Extension to Other Sectors, by Tammy de Wright

STUDY
- The International System of Radiological Protection: Key Structures and Current Challenges, by Edward Nicholas Lazo
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Nuclear Safety Research in OECD Countries
Support Facilities for Existing and Advanced Reactors (SFEAR)
English, 108 pages, published: 03/28/07
NEA#6158, ISBN: 978-92-64-99005-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2007/csni-r2007-6.pdf
This report provides an overview of experimental facilities that can be used to address nuclear safety research issues in OECD member countries, and identifies priorities for organising international co-operative programmes centred on selected facilities. The information has been gathered and analysed by a Senior Group of Experts on Nuclear Safety Research, in the context of an ongoing initiative of the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) aimed at maintaining critical experimental infrastructure for nuclear safety studies in member countries.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2005)
Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2005
English, 108 pages, published: 04/26/07
NEA#6317, ISBN: 978-92-64-99010-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6317-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 480 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2005 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Physics of Plutonium Recycling - Volume IX
Volume IX: Benchmark on Kinetic Parameters in the CROCUS Reactor
English, 94 pages, published: 06/21/07
NEA#4440, ISBN: 978-92-64-99020-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2007/nea4440-crocus.pdf
The NEA has studied multiple recycling issues associated with various reactor systems fuelled with mixed-oxide (MOX) and published a series of computational physics benchmarks. This has led to improvements in the nuclear data libraries and calculation methods. Several benchmarks were completed comparing those findings with data from experiments. Previous benchmarks have concentrated mainly on PWRs, BWRs, VVER-1000s and FRs.

The present report provides an evaluation and analysis of the reactor period measurements carried out in the CROCUS reactor of the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) for several different delayed super-critical conditions. Two types of reactivity changes were measured employing an appropriate stable period technique in each case. The first series of experiments involved increasing the water level above the critical level. The second series was carried out by inserting/removing one of the absorber rods into/out of the core. The report also provides a benchmark model and the results obtained with different computer codes.
The report will be of interest to reactor physicists and designers.
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Physics of Plutonium Recycling - Volume VIII
Volume VIII: Results of a Benchmark Considering a High-temperature Reactor (HTR) Fuelled with Reactor-grade Plutonium
English, 102 pages, published: 06/21/07
NEA#6200, ISBN: 978-92-64-99007-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2007/nea6200-htr.pdf
The NEA has studied multiple recycling issues associated with various reactor systems fuelled with mixed-oxide (MOX) and published a series of computational physics benchmarks. This has led to improvements in the nuclear data libraries and calculation methods. Several benchmarks were completed comparing those findings with data from experiments. Previous benchmarks have concentrated mainly on PWRs, BWRs, VVER-1000s and FRs. The present benchmark concerns a pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) fuelled with reactor-grade plutonium.

Although the benchmark has been specifically designed to provide intercomparisons for plutonium and thorium fuels, phases of calculations for uranium fuel have also been included. The purpose of these phases is to identify any increased uncertainties, relative to uranium fuel, that are associated with plutonium and thorium fuel.

This report provides an analysis of the twelve sets of results supplied by seven experts from five countries. Participants have used nuclear data from three different evaluations having applied both Monte Carlo and deterministic methods of analysis. Participants using the same nuclear data report similar results, although some differences have been noted, particularly in relation to the fuel temperature coefficients and the whole-core xenon fission product poisoning effect. There is also evidence of good agreement between Monte Carlo and deterministic solutions for some of the participants despite the difficult nature of the problem with stochastic geometry.

The report will be of interest to reactor physicists and designers.
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Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability
English, 74 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6165, ISBN: 978-92-64-99013-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6165-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La radioprotection aujourd'hui et la voie du développement durable 
The science and application of radiological protection have continually evolved since the beginning of the 20th century when the health effects of radiation first began to be discovered. Given these changes, notably over the past 10 to 15 years, and considering the recent evolution of social values and judgements, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) felt that it would be worthwhile to identify possible emerging challenges as well as ongoing challenges that will require new approaches to reach sustainable decisions.

This report concisely describes the CRPPH views of the most significant challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application that are likely to emerge or are already emerging. While not proposing solutions to these issues, the report characterises key aspects and pressures, taking into account the evolution of science, society and experience, such that governments can better foresee these challenges and be prepared to address them appropriately.
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Radioactive Waste Management in Spain: Co-ordination and Projects
FSC Workshop Proceedings, L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Spain, 21-23 November 2005
English, 142 pages, published: 11/07/07
NEA#6116, ISBN: 978-92-64-03941-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2007/6116-fsc-workshop-spain.pdf
The sixth workshop of the OECD/NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) was hosted by ENRESA, the Spanish agency responsible for the management of radioactive waste and the dismantling of nuclear power plants, and the Council of Nuclear Safety (CSN), with the support of the Association of Spanish Municipalities in Areas Surrounding Nuclear Power Plants (AMAC). The workshop took place at L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Catalonia, Spain, on 21-23 November 2005.

At this workshop, Spanish stakeholders and delegates from 14 countries discussed current co-ordination of radioactive waste management decision making in Spain. Findings were shared from Cowam-Spain, a co-operative research project on the involvement of local stakeholders, the relationship between national and local levels of decision making, and the long-term sustainability of decisions regarding the siting of a centralised interim storage facility for high-level waste. These proceedings include the workshop presentations and discussions, as well as the rapporteurs' reflections on what was learned about policy making and participative decision making.
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Regulating the Long-term Safety of Geological Disposal
Towards a Common Understanding of the Main Objectives and Bases of Safety Criteria
English, 84 pages, published: 12/30/07
NEA#6182, ISBN: 978-92-64-99031-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6182-regulating.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Réglementation de la sûreté à long terme du stockage géologique 
Regulating the long-term safety of geological disposal of radioactive waste poses special challenges due to the very long timescales involved. This report has been prepared to help foster a common understanding of the fundamental safety objectives of deep geological repositories and the applicable criteria. It provides important guidance for the national programmes that are developing or refining regulations. A common understanding may also contribute to clearer communication and public understanding of regulatory criteria.
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Risks and Benefits of Nuclear Energy
English, 88 pages, published: 06/20/07
NEA#6242, ISBN: 978-92-64-03551-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2007/6242-risks-benefits.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Risques et avantages de l'énergie nucléaire 
In the context of sustainable development policies, decision making in the energy sector should be based on carefully designed trade-offs which take into account, insofar as feasible, all of the alternative options' advantages and drawbacks from the economic, environmental and social viewpoints. This report examines various aspects of nuclear and other energy chains for generating electricity, and provides illustrative examples of quantitative and qualitative indicators for those chains with regard to economic competitiveness, environmental burdens (such as air emissions and solid waste streams) and social aspects (including employment and health impacts).

This report will be of interest to policy makers and analysts in the energy and electricity sectors. It offers authoritative data and references to published literature on energy chain analysis which can be used in support of decision making.
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Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection
Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science
English, 120 pages, published: 11/21/07
NEA#6167, ISBN: 978-92-64-99032-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6167-egis.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection - 放射線防護における科学的問題と新たな課題 
- Français: EGIS - Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection (French version) 
Scientific knowledge is constantly evolving as more advanced technologies become available and more in-depth research is carried out. Given the potential implications that new findings could have on policy decisions, in 1998 the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) performed a survey of state-of-the-art research in radiological protection science. This study suggested that, while the current system of radiological protection was well-underpinned by scientific understanding, growing knowledge in several areas could seriously impact policy and regulation. Ten years later, the CRPPH has again performed a survey of state-of-the-art research which reiterates and clarifies its earlier conclusions.

This report summarises the results of this latest CRPPH assessment of radiological protection science. Specifically, it explains that knowledge of non-targeted and delayed effects, as well as of individual sensitivity, have been significantly refined over the past ten years. Although at this point there is still no scientific certainty in these areas, based on the most recent studies and results, the report strongly suggests that policy makers and regulatory authorities should consider possible impacts that could arise from research in the next few years. Further, the report identifies research areas that should be supported to more definitively answer scientific questions having the most direct impacts on policy choices.
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Speciation Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources
Workshop Proceedings, Karlsruhe, Germany, 18-20 September 2006
English, 336 pages, published: 05/09/07
NEA#6288, ISBN: 978-92-64-99006-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2007/nea6288-speciation.pdf
This workshop was the fourth in a series devoted to the application of synchrotron radiation techniques for studying actinide species. The unique properties of synchrotron radiation allow the elucidation of the molecular and electronic structure of radionuclide samples. Since 2004 when the previous workshop was held, worldwide experimental capabilities for carrying out such studies have expanded. Synergy is developing with advanced theoretical and simulation tools, and it is expected that this progress will contribute significantly to developments in areas such as radioactive waste management, site environmental remediation and separation technologies, as well as in the radiopharmaceutical industry.

The Actinide-XAS-2006 workshop brought together experts in solution, co-ordination and solid state chemistry of the actinides, actinide physics and environmental and life sciences. Workshop sessions were organised on cutting-edge experimental techniques, theoretical and modelling tools and reports on experimental facilities. These proceedings contain abstracts and peer-reviewed papers for 24 presentations as well as 33 poster session contributions, representing the current state of the art in speciation techniques and facilities for radioactive materials at synchrotron light sources.
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Stakeholder Involvement in Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities
International Lessons Learnt
English, 40 pages, published: 06/14/07
NEA#6320, ISBN: 978-92-64-99011-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6320-stakeholder.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Implication des parties prenantes dans le déclassement des installations nucléaires 
Significant numbers of nuclear facilities will need to be decommissioned in the coming decades. In this context, NEA member countries are placing increasing emphasis on the involvement of stakeholders in the associated decision procedures. This study reviews decommissioning experience with a view to identifying stakeholder concerns and best practice in addressing them. The lessons learnt about the end of the facility life cycle can also contribute to better foresight in siting and building new facilities. This report will be of interest to all major players in the field of decommissioning, in particular policy makers, implementers, regulators and representatives of local host communities.
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Strategy for Developing and Conducting Nuclear Emergency Exercises
English, 40 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6162, ISBN: 978-92-64-99038-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6162-emergency.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Une stratégie pour la conception et la réalisation des exercices d'urgence nucléaire 
Emergency situations demand that actions be taken by the responsible organisations at the local, national and international levels to mitigate their impact on people and the environment. In order to be able to deliver an effective emergency response in both the short and long term, it is necessary to make and maintain adequate plans and arrangements. Prudence dictates that these be prepared in advance of an emergency situation, contain appropriate elements for preparedness, response and assistance, and take adequate account of international interfaces. The successful management of an emergency, along with the effectiveness of the response arrangements, will be facilitated through the use of well-planned tests and exercises.

Drawing on the collective experience of the OECD/NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters and its International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, this report aims to assist national and international emergency authorities in developing their own exercise-specific strategy by providing insights on exercise justification, design, conduct and evaluation. The focus is on providing an understanding, basis and strategy for the decision to exercise rather than detailed guidance on how to exercise.

Exercising is one tool for enhancing performance, testing plans and identifying areas for improvement; however, it is an important and resource-intensive tool. Therefore, the objective of this report is to provide a summary of strategic considerations for improving the value of planning, conducting and evaluating exercises and following up on lessons identified. This strategy may also find applicability in developing approaches for other types of non-nuclear emergency exercises.
French blurb
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The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス
Bilingual, 148 pages, published: 08/29/07
NEA#6279, ISBN: 978-92-64-99028-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6279-authorisation-jp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire 
- English: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation
In parallel to the work carried out by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to review the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has examined how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls “the process of regulatory authorisation”. It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. The CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process of regulatory authorisation.

規制認可のプロセス
広範な防護原則をレビューするために国際放射線防護委員会(ICRP)などで行
われている作業に並行して、NEAの放射線防護・公衆衛生委員会(CRPPH)
は、放射線防護が政府そして/又は規制機関によって、どのようにより良く実
行され得るのか調査を行った。この結果、CRPPHは「規制認可のプロセス」
という概念を開発した。それは、この報告書で詳細に記述されており、規制機
関が、放射線防護規制や対策の実態に合わせて、広範なICRP勧告をより透明
性を持って、理解しやすく、簡潔に適用することの扶助になると思われる。
CRPPHは、規制認可のプロセスにおいて、適切なレベルのステークホルダーイ
ンボルブメントが重要であることを認識している。
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Transparency of Nuclear Regulatory Activities
Workshop Proceedings,Tokyo and Tokai-Mura, Japan, 22-24 May 2007
English, 316 pages, published: 11/16/07
NEA#6256, ISBN: 978-92-64-04095-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2007/6256-transparency-nra.pdf
One of the main missions of nuclear regulators is to protect the public, and this cannot be completely achieved without public confidence. The more a regulatory process is transparent, the more such confidence will grow. Despite important cultural differences across countries, a number of common features characterise media and public expectations regarding any activity with an associated risk.

A common understanding of transparency and main stakeholders' expectations in the field of nuclear safety were identified during this workshop, together with a number of conditions and practices aimed at improving the transparency of nuclear regulatory activities. These conditions and practices are described herein, and will be of particular interest to all those working in the nuclear regulatory field. Their implementation may, however, differ from one country to another depending on national context.
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VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark - Phase 1 (Vol. 3)
Phase I (V1000CT-1), Vol. 3: Summary Results of Exercise 2 on Coupled 3-D Kinetics/Core Thermal-hydraulics
English, 92 pages, published: 11/16/07
NEA#6201, ISBN: 978-92-64-99035-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2007/nsc-doc2007-18.pdf
In the field of coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics computation there is a need to enhance scientific knowledge in order to develop advanced modelling techniques for new nuclear technologies and concepts, as well as current applications.

Recently developed best-estimate computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear cores and for the coupling of core phenomena and system dynamics need to be compared against each other and validated against results from experiments. International benchmark studies have been set up for this purpose.

The present volume is a follow-up to the first two volumes. While the first described the specification of the benchmark, the second presented the results of the first exercise that identified the key parameters and important issues concerning the thermal-hydraulic system modelling of the simulated transient caused by the switching on of a main coolant pump when the other three were in operation. Volume 3 summarises the results for Exercise 2 of the benchmark that identifies the key parameters and important issues concerning the 3-D neutron kinetics modelling of the simulated transient.

These studies are based on an experiment that was conducted by Bulgarian and Russian engineers during the plant-commissioning phase at the VVER-1000 Kozloduy Unit 6. The final volume will soon be published, completing Phase 1 of this study.

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2005 NEA Annual Report
English, 52 pages, published: 04/13/06
NEA#6143, ISBN: 92-64-01089-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2005/

Other language(s):
- Français: 2005 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles and Radioactive Waste Management
English, 248 pages, published: 05/26/06
NEA#5990, ISBN: 92-64-02485-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2006/5990-advanced-nfc-rwm.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Cycles du combustible nucléaire avancés et gestion des déchets radioactifs 
This study analyses a range of advanced nuclear fuel cycle options from the perspective of their effect on radioactive waste management policies. It presents various fuel cycle options which illustrate differences between alternative technologies, but does not purport to cover all foreseeable future fuel cycles. The analysis extends the work carried out in previous studies, assesses the fuel cycles as a whole, including all radioactive waste generated at each step of the cycles, and covers high-level waste repository performance for the different fuel cycles considered.

The estimates of quantities and types of waste arising from advanced fuel cycles are based on best available data and experts' judgement. The effects of various advanced fuel cycles on the management of radioactive waste are assessed relative to current technologies and options, using tools such as repository performance analysis and cost studies.
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Benchmark on the KRITZ-2 LEU and MOX Critical Experiments
Final Report
English, 232 pages, published: 07/07/06
NEA#3130, ISBN: 92-64-02298-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2005/nsc-doc2005-24.pdf
The plutonium produced during the operation of commercial nuclear power plants or that has become available from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons needs to be properly managed. One important contribution to the management process consists in validating the calculation methods and nuclear data used for the prediction of power in systems using mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel. A series of computational physics benchmarks and issues regarding multiple recycling in various MOX-fuelled systems have been studied and published by the NEA. This has led to improvements in the nuclear data libraries and calculation methods. Full validation requires comparing those findings with data from experiments. The experiment at the KRITZ research reactor in Sweden is being used for this purpose.

This report provides an analysis of the 12 sets of results supplied by 16 experts from 7 countries, together with the comparison against the KRITZ evaluated experimental data. The report concludes that the computer codes and cross-sections used by the participants, which are presently in widespread use, can adequately predict the multiplication factor and pin-power distributions of the MOX cores.

This report will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and designers as well as to nuclear power plant utilities.
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Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (TT) Benchmark - Volume III
Volume III: Summary Results of Exercise 2
English, 180 pages, published: 12/21/06
NEA#5437, ISBN: 92-64-02331-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2006/nsc-doc2006-23.pdf
In the field of coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics computation there is a need to enhance scientific knowledge in order to develop advanced modelling techniques for new nuclear technologies and concepts, as well as for current applications. Recently developed “best-estimate” computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear cores and for coupling core phenomena and system dynamics (PWR, BWR, VVER) need to be compared against each other and validated against results from experiments. International benchmark studies have been set up for this purpose.

The present volume is the third in a series of four and summarises the results of the second benchmark exercise, which identifies the key parameters and important issues concerning the coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulic core modelling with provided core inlet and outlet boundary conditions. The transient addressed is a turbine trip in a boiling water reactor, involving pressurisation events in which the coupling between core phenomena and system dynamics plays an important role. In addition, the data made available from experiments carried out at the Peach Bottom 2 reactor (a GE-designed BWR/4) make the present benchmark particularly valuable.
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Building, Measuring and Improving Public Confidence in the Nuclear Regulator
Workshop Proceedings, Ottawa, Canada, 18-20 May 2004
English, 236 pages, published: 05/16/06
NEA#5999, ISBN: 92-64-02590-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2006/5999-building-measuring.pdf
An important factor for public confidence in the nuclear regulator is the general public trust of the government and its representatives, which is clearly not the same in all countries. Likewise, cultural differences between countries can be considerable, and similar means of communication between government authorities and the public may not be universally effective.

Nevertheless, this workshop identified a number of common principles for the communication of nuclear regulatory decisions that can be recommended to all regulators. They have been cited in particular for their ability to help build, measure and/or improve overall public confidence in the nuclear regulator.
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Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase II-D
PWR-UO2 Assembly - Study of Control Rod Effects on Spent Fuel Composition
English, 184 pages, published: 12/20/06
NEA#6227, ISBN: 92-64-02316-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/nea6227-burnupIID.pdf
The objective of the Phase II-D Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark was to study the impact of control rod (CR) insertion on spent fuel composition and on reactivity for a PWR-UO2 assembly. For this purpose, a range of CR insertion profiles during irradiation were defined, and participants were asked to calculate the spent fuel inventory and the neutron multiplication factor for each case. To assist in the evaluation of the benchmark results, the sensitivity of the neutron multiplication factor to a variation of isotope concentration was performed.

The large effect of CR insertion (9 000 pcm when the CRs are inserted from 0 to 45 GWd/t) is due in part to the fact that the CRs are axially fully inserted in this benchmark. A more “typical” CR insertion profile would not consider CRs fully inserted throughout the irradiation, particularly over three cycles. An additional benchmark has been initiated to study the effect of CR insertion when considering partial axial CR insertion and an axial burn-up profile.
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Computer Simulation of MASURCA Critical and Subcritical Experiments
MUSE-4 Benchmark - Final Report
English, 44 pages, published: 04/18/06
NEA#4439, ISBN: 92-64-01086-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2005/nsc-doc2005-23.pdf
The efficient and safe management of spent fuel arising from the operation of commercial nuclear power plants is an important issue. In this context, the partitioning and transmutation (P&T) of minor actinides and long-lived fission products can play an important role, reducing significantly the burden on geological repositories of radioactive waste and enabling their more effective use.

International interest in accelerator-driven systems (ADS) has been expressed due to their potential use in the transmutation of minor actinides. However, much R&D work is still required in order to demonstrate the desired capability of the system as a whole, and the current methods of analysis and nuclear data for minor actinide burners are not as well established as those for conventionally fuelled systems.

A series of theoretical ADS physics benchmarks has thus been organised by the NEA. Many improvements and clarifications in nuclear data and calculation methods have been achieved. However, following an initial series of benchmarks, some significant discrepancies in important parameters were not fully understood and still required clarification. Hence, the first experiment-based benchmark using MASURCA critical and subcritical experiments (called MUSE-4 experiments) was launched.

This report provides an analysis of the benchmark results supplied by 16 institutions from 14 countries. The calculated results were compared against experimental data, whenever available. This report will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and nuclear data evaluators developing nuclear systems, especially ADS, for radioactive waste management.
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Decommissioning Funding: Ethics, Implementation, Uncertainties
A Status Report
English, 44 pages, published: 10/23/06
NEA#5996, ISBN: 92-64-02312-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea5996-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Financement du démantèlement : éthique, mise en œuvre, incertitudes 
This status report on Decommissioning Funding: Ethics, Implementation, Uncertainties is based on a review of recent literature and materials presented at NEA meetings in 2003 and 2004, and particularly at a topical session organised in November 2004 on funding issues associated with the decommissioning of nuclear power facilities. The report also draws on the experience of the NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD).

This report offers, in a concise form, an overview of relevant considerations on decommissioning funding mechanisms with regard to ethics, implementation and uncertainties. Underlying ethical principles found in international agreements are identified, and factors influencing the accumulation and management of funds for decommissioning nuclear facilities are discussed together with the main sources of uncertainties of funding systems.
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Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Forming a New Approach in Germany
FSC Workshop Proceedings, Hitzacker and Hamburg, Germany, 5-8 October 2004
English, 116 pages, published: 05/16/06
NEA#6117, ISBN: 92-64-02439-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2006/6117-disposal-rw.pdf
Germany is exploring a new approach towards the final management of its radioactive waste. This international workshop, held in Germany, attracted 65 participants from 13 countries. A little more than half of the participants were German stakeholders.

During the workshop invited speakers, representing different groups of stakeholders, commented on relevant aspects of the new German approach being proposed. This served as a basis for subsequent round-table discussions.

These proceedings provide a historical introduction to radioactive waste management in Germany, give a detailed summary of the workshop presentations and discussions that took place, and also provide the NEA Secretariat's reflections which help place the main lessons of the workshop into a wider perspective. Five presentations - the three keynote papers and the two thematic reports - are also reproduced herein.
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Forty Years of Uranium Resources, Production and Demand in Perspective
"The Red Book Retrospective"
English, 278 pages, published: 09/13/06
NEA#6096, ISBN: 92-64-02806-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2006/6096-40-years-uranium.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Ressources, production et demande de l'uranium : un bilan de quarante ans 
The "Red Book", jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), was first published in 1965 and has since grown to be a recognised world reference on uranium. Over the 40 years of its existence, the Red Book has collected an impressive quantity of official data supplied by governments.

The Red Book Retrospective was undertaken to collect, collate, analyse and publish all of the key information collected in the 20 editions of the Red Book published between 1965 and 2004. Additionally, every effort has been made to fill in gaps in the record to provide the most complete and exhaustive information possible. As a result, the Red Book Retrospective gives a full historical profile of the world uranium industry in the areas of exploration, resources, production, reactor-related requirements, inventories and price. It provides in-depth information relating to the histories of the major uranium-producing countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany (including the former German Democratic Republic), the Russian Federation (including the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and the United States. For the first time, for example, a comprehensive look at annual and cumulative production and demand of uranium since the inception of the atomic age is possible. Besides reporting and documenting the historical data, expert analyses provide fresh insights into important aspects of the industry including: the cost of discovery, resources to production ratios and the time to reach production after discovery, among others.

Taken together, the Red Book Retrospective provides the most complete record of the uranium industry publicly available, dating from the birth of civilian nuclear energy through to the dawn of the 21st century.
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French R&D on the Partitioning and Transmutation of Long-lived Radionuclides
An International Peer Review of the 2005 CEA Report
English, 88 pages, published: 05/29/06
NEA#6210, ISBN: 92-64-02296-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2006/nea6210-french-research.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La R-D en France sur la séparation et la transmutation des radionucléides à vie longue 
For many politicians and members of the public, the very long life of some of the radio-nuclides in radioactive waste is an issue of particular importance in terms of its ultimate disposal. The developing techniques of partitioning (isolating specific radioactive elements) and transmutation (re-irradiating them in order to convert them to shorter-lived or stable elements) hold the promise of eliminating or greatly reducing the long-lived radioactivity, bringing with it other technical benefits.

In France, the 1991 Waste Act required inter alia a research and development programme on partitioning and transmutation, with a milestone for review in 2006. The French authorities requested the OECD/NEA to organise an independent, international peer review of the results of this extensive research and development programme, with a view to help inform the parliamentary decision-making process on the way forward for radioactive waste disposal in France. This report presents the findings from that review, which was conducted by ten of the foremost international experts in the field.
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Indemnification of Damage in the Event of a Nuclear Accident
Workshop Proceedings, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 18-20 May 2005
English, 152 pages, published: 07/12/06
NEA#5998, ISBN: 92-64-02625-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/2006/5998-indemnification-damage.pdf
The Second International Workshop on the Indemnification of Nuclear Damage was held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, from 18 to 20 May 2005. The workshop was co-organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the Nuclear Regulatory Authority of the Slovak Republic. It attracted wide participation from national nuclear authorities, regulators, operators of nuclear installations, nuclear insurers and international organisations.

The purpose of the workshop was to assess the third party liability and compensation mechanisms that would be implemented by participating countries in the event of a nuclear accident taking place within or near their borders. To accommodate this objective, two fictitious accident scenarios were developed: one involving a fire in a nuclear installation located in the Slovak Republic and resulting in the release of significant amounts of radioactive materials off-site, and the other a fire on board a ship transporting enriched uranium hexafluoride along the Danube River. The first scenario was designed to involve the greatest possible number of countries, with the second being restricted to countries with a geographical proximity to the Danube. These proceedings contain the papers presented at the workshop, as well as reports on the discussion sessions held.
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 20)
Covariance Matrix Evaluation and Processing in the Resolved/Unresolved Resonance Regions (Volume 20)
English, 36 pages, published: 08/18/06
NEA#6198, ISBN: 92-64-02302-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume20/volume20.pdf
This document serves as a summary of the work of Subgroup 20 (SG20) on covariance matrix evaluation and processing in the resolved/unresolved resonance regions, organised under the auspices of the NEA's Nuclear Science Committee Working Party on International Evaluation Co-operation (WPEC).

The work described in this report focuses on: summarising the issues related to covariance evaluation in the resonance region; discussing the retroactive method used in the SAMMY code; describing the compact format for storing huge covariance matrices in ENDF-6 files; recent developments and upgrades of processing codes to generate a multi-group covariance matrix from resonance parameter covariance data.
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 22)
Nuclear Data for Improved LEU-LWR Reactivity Predictions (Volume 22)
English, 44 pages, published: 11/29/06
NEA#6199, ISBN: 92-64-02317-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume22/volume22.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 7)
Nuclear Data Standards (Volume 7)
English, 40 pages, published: 11/29/06
NEA#6197, ISBN: 92-64-02313-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume7/volume7.pdf
Subgroup 7 of the NEA Working Party on International Nuclear Data Co-operation (WPEC) was established to re-evaluate the nuclear data standards cross-section. These cross-section data are the basis for the evaluated nuclear data libraries, as most of the underlying experimental data are measured relative to these standards. The incentive to undertake this re-evaluation work was based on the fact that significant improvements to the experimental database have been made since the standard data were last evaluated some 20 years ago.

The work of the subgroup was performed in close collaboration with an IAEA Co ordinated Research Project (CRP) and a task force of the US Cross-section Evaluation Working Group (CSEWG). This report provides a brief overview of the work accomplished, outlining the main findings and providing a full list of references. A more extensive report will be issued by the above-mentioned IAEA Co-ordinated Research Project.
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International Nuclear Law in the Post-Chernobyl Period
English, 244 pages, published: 07/17/06
NEA#6146, ISBN: 92-64-02293-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/chernobyl/nea6146-iaea-chernobyl.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le droit nucléaire international après Tchernobyl 
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 heightened awareness of the need to improve the international legal framework governing the safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Numerous legal instruments have subsequently been adopted.

This compendium examines the developments which have taken place in international nuclear law since 1986. It reproduces a number of articles which have been published in the OECD/NEA Nuclear Law Bulletin, accompanied by some previously unpublished works. The principal legal instruments examined in this publication govern early notification and assistance in the event of a nuclear accident, nuclear safety, the safety of radioactive waste and spent fuel, and nuclear liability and compensation.
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Learning from Nuclear Regulatory Self-assessment
International Peer Review of the CSN Report on Lessons Learnt from the Essential Service Water System Degradation Event at the Vandellos Nuclear Power Plant
English, 52 pages, published: 10/10/06
NEA#6161, ISBN: 92-64-02310-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2006/nea6161-vandellos.pdf
Nuclear regulatory self-assessment together with the benchmarking of regulatory practices against those of other countries operating nuclear power plants are key elements in maintaining a high level of nuclear safety. In that light, the Spanish Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear (CSN) formally asked the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) to establish an international peer review team to assess the CSN report on the lessons learnt as a result of the 2004 Vandellós II event involving essential service water system degradation.

The International Review Team considers the CSN report prepared in follow-up to the Vandellós event to be a commendable effort in regulatory self-assessment. The report, complemented by this international peer review, should enable the CSN to take appropriate action to ensure that its regulatory supervision is in line with best international practice.
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NEA News Vol. 24.1
English, 40 pages, published: 06/29/06
NEA#6139, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2006/NEA_News_Vol_24_No_1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 24.1 
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NEA News Vol. 24.2
English, 40 pages, published: 12/08/06
NEA#6141
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2006/NEA_News_Vol_24_No_2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 24.2 
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NUPEC BWR Full-size Fine-mesh Bundle Test (BFBT) Benchmark
Volume I: Specifications
English, 136 pages, published: 07/07/06
NEA#6212, ISBN: 92-64-01088-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2005/nsc-doc2005-5.pdf
Refined models for best-estimate calculations based on good-quality experimental data can improve the understanding of phenomena and the quantification of margins for operating nuclear power reactors. According to experts, refinements should not be limited to currently available macroscopic approaches but should be extended to next-generation approaches that focus on more microscopic processes. Multi-scale/multi-physics approaches are the way forward in this respect.

This report describes the specification of an international benchmark based on high-quality fine mesh data, released through the government of Japan and the Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (NUPEC), with the aim of advancing the insufficiently developed field of two-phase flow theory. It has been designed for systematically assessing and comparing different numerical models used for predicting detailed void distributions and critical powers.

Additional volumes concerning this benchmark are planned and are intended to show to what extent the most recent approaches are capable of predicting two-phase flow phenomena.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2006/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2006
Bilingual, 100 pages, published: 06/13/06
NEA#6100, ISBN: 92-64-02489-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2006/6100-BB-2006.pdf
2005 was a year of major activity within the nuclear sector. Interest in nuclear energy is growing significantly in many OECD member countries with the construction of new plants, new plans for nuclear futures along with innovations in enrichment and reprocessing. This and other insights related to nuclear energy can be found in Nuclear Energy Data, the Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of essential statistics to 2025 on nuclear energy in OECD countries. The compilation provides readers with a comprehensive and easy-to-access overview of the current situation and expected trends in the various sectors of the nuclear fuel cycle.

L'année 2005 a été marquée par une intense activité dans le secteur nucléaire. De nombreux pays membres de l'OCDE manifestent un intérêt de plus en plus vif pour l'énergie nucléaire, qui se traduit par la construction de nouvelles centrales, des plans pour des installations futures, ainsi que des innovations visant l'enrichissement et le retraitement. Toutes ces informations et d'autres aperçus figurent dans les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, publication annuelle de l'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire qui présente les données statistiques essentielles sur le nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE jusqu'en 2025. Cet ouvrage offre au lecteur un tour d'horizon complet et facile à consulter de la situation et des tendances dans les divers secteurs du cycle du combustible nucléaire.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 77 (June 2006)
English, 80 pages, published: 08/24/06
NEA#6123, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb77.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 77 (Juin 2006) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its suscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 78 (December 2006)
English, 80 pages, published: 12/29/06
NEA#6127, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb78.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 78 (Décembre 2006) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Nuclear Power Plant Life Management and Longer-term Operation
English, 60 pages, published: 10/24/06
NEA#6105, ISBN: 92-64-02924-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2006/6105-npp-life-management.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Gestion et prolongation de la durée de vie des centrales nucléaires 
This book, prepared by NEA member country experts, contains data and analyses relevant to nuclear power plant life management and the plants' extended, longer-term operation (LTO). It addresses technical, economic and environmental aspects and provides insights into the benefits and challenges of plant life management and LTO.

It will be of interest to policy makers and senior managers in the nuclear power sector and governmental bodies involved in nuclear power programme design and management. The data and information on current trends in nuclear power plant life management will be useful to researchers and analysts working in the field of nuclear energy system assessment.
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Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experiences from the IAEA/NEA Incident Reporting System
2002-2005
English, 56 pages, published: 05/17/06
NEA#6150, ISBN: 92-64-02294-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2006/nea6150-irs.pdf
The Incident Reporting System (IRS) is an essential element of the international operating experience feedback system for nuclear power plants. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), a semi-autonomous body within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a specialised agency within the United Nations System.
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Nuclear Production of Hydrogen
Third Information Exchange Meeting, Oarai, Japan, 5-7 October 2005
English, 412 pages, published: 07/13/06
NEA#6122, ISBN: 92-64-02629-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/6122-production-hydrogen.pdf
Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy carrier in the 21st century. Since natural sources of pure hydrogen are extremely limited, it is necessary to develop technologies to produce large quantities of hydrogen economically. The currently dominant technology for producing hydrogen is based on reforming fossil fuels, a process which releases greenhouse gases. Hydrogen produced by water cracking, using heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants, requires no fossil fuels and results in lower greenhouse gas emissions. This report presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes its associated scientific and technical challenges.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2004
English, 96 pages, published: 05/17/06
NEA#6164, ISBN: 92-64-02292-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/6164-isoe.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 478 operating and shutdown commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2004 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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PENELOPE-2006: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 4-7 July 2006
English, 296 pages, published: 06/26/06
NEA#6222, ISBN: 92-64-02301-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/nea6222-penelope.pdf
Radiation is used in many applications of modern technology. However, its proper handling requires competent knowledge of the basic physical laws governing its interaction with matter. To ensure its safe use, appropriate tools for predicting radiation fields and doses, as well as pertinent regulations, are required.

One area of radiation physics that has received much attention concerns electron-photon transport in matter. PENELOPE is a modern, general-purpose Monte Carlo tool for simulating the transport of electrons and photons, which is applicable for arbitrary materials and in a wide energy range. PENELOPE provides quantitative guidance for many practical situations and techniques, including electron and X-ray spectroscopies, electron microscopy and microanalysis, biophysics, dosimetry, medical diagnostics and radiotherapy, and radiation damage and shielding.

These proceedings contain the extensively revised teaching notes of the latest workshop/training course on PENELOPE (version 2006), along with a detailed description of the improved physics models, numerical algorithms and structure of the code system.
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Perspectives on Nuclear Data for the Next Decade
Workshop Proceedings, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France, 26-28 September 2005
English, 260 pages, published: 12/18/06
NEA#6121, ISBN: 92-64-02857-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/6121-perspectives-next-decade.pdf
With a declining number of nuclear data evaluators in the world and an increasing demand for high-quality data, there is a risk that evaluators will concentrate on producing new nuclear data to the detriment of developing new models and methods for evaluating existing data. In this context, it is essential to identify the basic physics issues that are going to be important for future nuclear data evaluation processes. At the same time, demand for new types of data, which will be needed in emerging nuclear applications, could warrant new evaluation techniques that are presently only used in the context of fundamental research and not in nuclear data production.

These proceedings present the main findings of the "Perspectives on Nuclear Data for the Next Decade" workshop, which explored innovative approaches to nuclear data evaluation with the aim of opening new perspectives, building new research programmes and investigating prospects for international collaboration.
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Physics and Safety of Transmutation Systems
A Status Report
English, 120 pages, published: 02/07/06
NEA#6090, ISBN: 92-64-01082-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea6090-transmutation.pdf
The safe and efficient management of spent fuel from the operation of commercial nuclear power plants is an important issue. Worldwide, more than 250 000 tons of spent fuel from currently operating reactors will require disposal. These numbers account for only high-level radioactive waste generated by present-day power reactors.

Nearly all issues related to risks to future generations arising from the long-term disposal of such spent nuclear fuel is attributable to only about 1% of its content. This 1% is made up primarily of plutonium, neptunium, americium and curium (called transuranic elements) and the long-lived isotopes of iodine and technetium.When transuranics are removed from discharged fuel destined for disposal, the toxic nature of the spent fuel drops below that of natural uranium ore (that which was originally mined for the nuclear fuel) within a period of several hundred to a thousand years. This significantly reduces the burden on geological repositories and the problem of addressing the remaining long-term residues can thus de done in controlled environments having timescales of centuries rather than millennia stretching beyond 10 000 years.

Transmutation is one of the means being explored to address the disposal of transuranic elements. To achieve this, advanced reactors systems, appropriate fuels, separation techniques and associated fuel cycle strategies are required.

This status report begins by providing a clear definition of partitioning and transmutation (P&T), and then describes the state of the art concerning the challenges facing the implementation of P&T, scenario studies and specific issues related to accelerator-driven systems (ADS) dynamics and safety, long-lived fission product transmutation and the impact of nuclear data uncertainty on transmuation system design. The report will be of particular interest to nuclear scientists working on P&T issues as well as advanced fuel cycles in general.
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Pressurised Water Reactor MOX/UO2 Core Transient Benchmark
Final Report
English, 72 pages, published: 12/29/06
NEA#6048, ISBN: 92-64-02330-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/nea6048-mox.pdf

Computational benchmarks based on well-defined problems with a complete set of input and a unique solution are often used as a means of verifying the reliability of numerical solutions. The problems usually employ some simplifications in order to make the analysis manageable and to enable the consistent comparison of several different models, yet complex enough to make the problem applicable to actual reactor core designs.

The present benchmark has been designed to provide the framework to assess the ability of modern reactor kinetic codes to predict the transient response of a core partially loaded with mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel. It is a follow-up to a pressurised water reactor (PWR) benchmark designed to assess the ability of spatial kinetics codes to model rod ejection transients in a core with uranium-dioxide (UO2) fuel. The current problem adds the complexity of modelling a rod eject in a core fuelled partially with weapons-grade MOX. The core chosen for the simulation is based on a four-loop Westinghouse PWR power plant similar to the reactor chosen for plutonium disposition in the United States.

This report provides an analysis of the results supplied by experts. The report will be of interest to reactor physicists and designers as well as to nuclear power plant utilities.
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Radioactivity Measurements at Regulatory Release Levels
A Task Group Report
English, 96 pages, published: 12/04/06
NEA#6186, ISBN: 92-64-02319-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6186-release.pdf
The release of radioactive materials from regulatory control is subject to release limits which are often based on published recommendations of international organisations, which aim to minimise radiological risks. The application of the recommendations has thus led to limits being set at very low activity levels. Adequate methods of measurement must be available to demonstrate or verify that the activity levels are lower than the recommended values. Measurements would also have to be made under practical industrial conditions, where various constraints could significantly influence the results. Hence, the costs of activity measurements at extremely low levels on large quantities of equipment with complex geometries could be prohibitively high.

The NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (CPD) established a special Task Group to study these issues in an analytical and structured manner. This report describes the group’s findings regarding the objectives and methodology for radiological characterisation and the equipment used for measurements. The report also contains case studies from NEA member countries and a critical discussion of different methods and techniques.
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Reference Values for Nuclear Criticality Safety + CD-ROM
English, 68 pages, published: 12/29/06
NEA#5433, ISBN: 92-64-02333-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/nea5433-refvalues.pdf
Access to accurate and reliable information is of prime importance in all nuclear energy applications. This is especially true in the area of nuclear criticality safety for the front- and back-end of the fuel cycle, including transport and storage of spent fuel. The data needed in this area comprises reference values for minimum critical mass, concentration and geometry, as well as the maximum critical moderation of well-defined systems. The accuracy of such data influences both the safety and economy of the fuel cycle.

In 1999, the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety (WPNCS) established an expert group to study the status of nuclear criticality safety reference values (minimum and maximum critical values), following the detection of large deviations in existing reference values between different criticality safety handbooks and guidelines.

The present report represents the outcome of the NEA study and contains a compilation and evaluation of nuclear criticality safety reference values from various sources. Some of the values were taken from published reports, while others were calculated specifically for this study. Many discrepancies have been identified and resolved, thus reinforcing the importance of data verification and validation as essential tools in this field.
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Regulatory Challenges in Using Nuclear Operating Experience
English, 24 pages, published: 02/20/06
NEA#6159, ISBN: 92-64-01083-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2006/nea6159-operating-experience.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'utilisation du retour d'expérience : défis pour les autorités de sûreté nucléaire 
The fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that nuclear utilities operate their plants in an acceptably safe manner at all times. Learning from experience has been a key element in meeting this objective. It is therefore very important for nuclear power plant operators to have an active programme for collecting, analysing and acting on the lessons of operating experience that could affect the safety of their plants.

NEA experts have noted that almost all of the recent, significant events reported at international meetings have occurred earlier in one form or another. Counter-actions are usually well-known, but information does not always seem to reach end users, or corrective action programmes are not always rigorously applied. Thus, one of the challenges that needs to be met in order to maintain good operational safety performance is to ensure that operating experience is promptly reported to established reporting systems, preferably international in order to benefit from a larger base of experience, and that the lessons from operating experience are actually used to promote safety.

This report focuses on how regulatory bodies can ensure that operating experience is used effectively to promote the safety of nuclear power plants. While directed at nuclear power plants, the principles in this report may apply to other nuclear facilities as well.
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Releasing the Sites of Nuclear Installations
A Status Report
English, 36 pages, published: 09/27/06
NEA#6187, ISBN: 92-64-02307-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6187-release.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Libération des sites des installations nucléaires 
Releasing the site of a nuclear installation from radiological control is usually one of the last steps of decommissioning. To date, site release has been practised in a limited number of cases only as most decommissioning projects have not yet advanced to a state where the release of the site is imminent or because the site will continue to be used for nuclear activities. Therefore, for a number of decommissioning projects where planning for site release will soon start, this status report provides useful considerations based on NEA member country experience and expert advice.

In addition to describing the basic considerations which must be taken into account when deciding on the release of a site, the status report provides guidance on establishing release criteria. The report also addresses site release implementation, measurement techniques and underground contamination. It will be of particular interest to regulators, implementers, R&D experts and policy makers dealing with decommissioning and dismantling issues.
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Safety of Geological Disposal of High-level and Long-lived Radioactive Waste in France
An International Peer Review of the “Dossier 2005 Argile” Concerning Disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian Formation
English, 80 pages, published: 07/17/06
NEA#6178, ISBN: 92-64-02299-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6178-argile.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Sûreté du stockage géologique de déchets radioactifs HAVL en France 
A major activity of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in the field of radioactive waste management is the organisation of international peer reviews of national studies and projects. The peer reviews help national programmes assess accomplished work. The general comments expressed in the reviews are also of potential interest to other member countries. The present review was carried out to inform the French Government whether the "Dossier 2005 Argile" prepared by the National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste (Andra) was consistent with international practices and whether future research needs were properly identified.
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Selecting Strategies for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
A Status Report
English, 44 pages, published: 10/02/06
NEA#6038, ISBN: 92-64-02305-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6038-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Choisir des stratégies de démantèlement des installations nucléaires 
This status report on Selecting Strategies for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities is based on the viewpoints and materials presented at a seminar held in Tarragona, Spain on 1-4 September 2003 as well as the experience of the NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD). It identifies, reviews and analyses factors influencing decommissioning strategies and addresses the challenges associated with balancing these factors in the process of strategy selection. It gives recognition to the fact that, in addition to technical characteristics, there are many other factors that influence the selection of a decommissioning strategy and that cannot be quantified, such as policy, regulatory and socio-economic factors and aspects that reach far into the future. Uncertainties associated with such factors are a challenge to those who have to take decisions on a decommissioning strategy.

Potentially interested groups of readers are regulators, implementers, R&D experts and policy makers dealing with decommissioning and dismantling issues as well as politicians, decision makers and the general public.
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Source Convergence in Criticality Safety Analyses
Phase I: Results for Four Test Problems
English, 200 pages, published: 09/11/06
NEA#5431, ISBN: 92-64-02304-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/nea5431-source-convergence.pdf
The NEA Working Party on Nuclear Criticality Safety established an Expert Group on Source Convergence in Criticality Safety Analysis to explore the problems of slow convergence and statistical fluctuations that can combine to produce unreliable source distributions and fission rates as well as underestimates of keff and its uncertainty. Aimed at fostering improved robustness of criticality safety analyses with respect to source convergence, the group's first task was to assemble four test problems that represent cases previously encountered in criticality safety analyses. They are intended to be used as a basis for comparison of source convergence performance rather than comparison of physics results. The problems include a reactor fuel storage array, a spent fuel pin array, an aqueous processing system and an array of small fissile components. The results of the four test problems are described herein.
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Speciation Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources
Workshop Proceedings, Berkeley, California, USA, 14-16 September 2004
English, 192 pages, published: 10/27/06
NEA#6046, ISBN: 92-64-02311-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/nea6046-speciation.pdf
This NEA workshop is the third in a series devoted to the application of synchrotron accelerator-based techniques to radionuclide and actinide sciences. As synchrotron radiation is particularly well-suited for obtaining information about the molecular structure of radionuclides and actinide species, it is useful for understanding and predicting the behaviour of these hazardous elements in the environment. Application areas include risk assessment of nuclear waste storage, remediation of contaminated sites, development of effective separation technologies and radiopharmaceutical chemistry.

These proceedings contain all of the abstracts and some of the full papers presented at the workshop. In addition to presenting the latest experimental and theoretical results, the workshop also provided opportunities for knowledge transfer between established experts in the field and young scientists.
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Stakeholders and Radiological Protection: Lessons from Chernobyl 20 Years After
English, 80 pages, published: 05/17/06
NEA#6170, ISBN: 92-64-01085-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/6170-chernobyl-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Société civile et radioprotection : les enseignements de Tchernobyl, 20 ans après 
Twenty years after the major accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the radioactive contamination continues to have an important impact on lives in the vicinity, and to a lesser extent in areas such as Western Europe and beyond. The purpose of this report is not to address clinical or environmental studies, but to look at how people are coping with the difficulties they still face. Commissioned by the Committee for Radiation Protection and Public Health of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the report focuses on the role of radiological protection and how this discipline has been deployed to help people manage their lives.

Although the topic of this report concerns radioactivity and nuclear power, it can also be very useful to policy makers and experts dealing with the aftermath of wide-scale disasters, regardless of their causes (natural, accidental or malicious).

Whilst we all hope never to see another event causing contamination on the scale that followed Chernobyl, it is prudent to be prepared. Hence this report also describes many of the problems that could need to be faced in the longer term by technical specialists, should such a contamination event occur, and presents ways of dealing with them. This report will provide readers with insights into how to plan better for this type of event, in particular beyond the immediate response phase.
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The JEFF-3.1 Nuclear Data Library
JEFF Report 21
English, 140 pages, published: 11/20/06
NEA#6190, ISBN: 92-64-02314-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-21/
The safe and economical operation of nuclear energy technologies requires detailed and reliable calculations. While simulation calculations are becoming more and more economical thanks to rapid advances in computer technology, the accuracy of these calculations is largely determined by the accuracy of the atomic and nuclear input data.

The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) Project is a collaborative effort among NEA Data Bank member countries to produce high-quality evaluated nuclear data. These data can be used to help improve the safety and economics of existing installations as well as to design advanced nuclear reactors and their associated fuel cycles. Such data may also be useful in the area of radioactive waste management.

The present report describes the contents of the general purpose file of the JEFF-3.1 data library. The library contains a number of different data types, including neutron and proton interaction data, radioactive decay data, fission yield data, thermal scattering law data and photo-atomic interaction data.
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The NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
A Decade of Progress
English, 96 pages, published: 12/20/06
NEA#6185, ISBN: 92-64-02332-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6185-decommissioning.pdf
The NEA Co-operative Programme for the Exchange of Scientific and Technical Information Concerning Nuclear Installation Decommissioning Projects (CPD) is a joint undertaking which functions within the framework of an agreement between 21 organisations actively executing or planning the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The objective of the CPD is to acquire and share information from operational experience in the decommissioning of nuclear installations that is useful for future projects. The information exchange also ensures that best international practice is made widely available and encourages the application of safe, environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods in all decommissioning projects. By the end of 2006, the Programme scope included 26 reactors, 8 reprocessing plants and 8 fuel facility projects.

This report describes the progress made and the main results obtained by the CPD during 1995-2005. Although part of the information exchanged within the CPD is confidential and restricted to programme participants, experience of general interest gained under the programme’s auspices is released for broader use. Such information is brought to the attention of all NEA members through regular reports to the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC), as well as through experience summary documents such as this report. The RWMC Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) is grateful to the CPD for sharing the experience from its important work.
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The Process of Regulatory Authorisation
A Report by the CRPPH Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation (EGRA)
English, 84 pages, published: 02/14/06
NEA#5372, ISBN: 92-64-01078-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/5372-authorisation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Bilingual: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス
- Français: Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire 
Governments and regulatory authorities are responsible for the definition of regulatory controls or conditions, if any, that should be applied to radioactive sources or radiation exposure situations in order to protect the public, workers and the environment. Although countries use different policy and structural approaches fo fulfil this responsibility, the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are generally used as at least part of the basis for protection. Previously, the ICRP recommended the use of variable approaches to protection. New ICRP recommendations are proposing a single, conceptually simple and self-coherent approach to defining appropriate protection under all circumstances.

While the ICRP has been reviewing the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been focusing its efforts on how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls "the process of regulatory authorisation". It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. In developing this concept, the CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process.
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The Roles of Storage in the Management of Long-lived Radioactive Waste
Practices and Potentialities in OECD Countries
English, 64 pages, published: 12/01/06
NEA#6043, ISBN: 92-64-02315-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6043-storage.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Les rôles de l'entreposage dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs à vie longue 
This report examines the roles that storage plays, or might play, in radioactive waste management in OECD/NEA member countries. A better understanding of these roles provides valuable input to current debates on the end-points of long-lived radioactive waste management. The report focuses on spent nuclear fuel, high-level waste from reprocessing and other long-lived, solid radioactive wastes.
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Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand
A Joint Report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
English, 388 pages, published: 05/23/06
NEA#6098, ISBN: 92-64-02425-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2006/6098-uranium-2005.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 2005 : Ressources, production et demande 
- Chinese: Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary 
- German: Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary 
- English: Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary 
- Français: Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary 
- Japanese: Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary 
- Russian: Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary 
- Spanish: Uranium 2005: Resources, Production and Demand - Executive Summary 
Since 2001 the price of uranium has steadily climbed over five-fold, at a rate and reaching heights not seen since the 1970s. As a result, the uranium industry has seen a surge of activity, ending a period of over 20 years of relative stagnation. Worldwid
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VENUS-2 MOX-fuelled Reactor Dosimetry Calculations
Final Report
English, 228 pages, published: 04/11/06
NEA#6192, ISBN: 92-64-01084-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2005/nsc-doc2005-22.pdf
It is essential to calculate the structural integrity of reactor components with a high degree of accuracy in order to make correct decisions regarding plant lifetime at the design stage, safety margins and potential plant life extensions. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is therefore organising a series of benchmarks to verify the current international level of accuracy in pressure vessel fluence calculations and to clarify the relative merits of various methodologies. By extension, this enables the identification of areas for possible improvements in the various calculation schemes.

As a follow-up to the previous UO2-fuelled VENUS-1 two-dimensional (2-D) and VENUS-3 three-dimensional (3-D) benchmarks, and given that many commercial nuclear power plants in Europe and in Japan use MOX fuel and that the use of MOX fuel in LWRs presents different neutron characteristics, the present benchmark was launched in 2004 using the measured data of the VENUS-2 MOX-fuelled critical experiments. This report provides an analysis of the results supplied by 12 participants from 7 countries. The results have revealed that the computer codes and nuclear data currently used for MOX-fuelled systems in OECD/NEA member countries appear able to produce results with a sufficiently high level of accuracy in dosimetry calculations. This report will be of particular interest not only to reactor physicists and nuclear data evaluators, but also to nuclear utilities.
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VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark (Vol. II)
Phase 1 (V1000CT-1), Vol. 2: Summary Results of Exercise 1 on Point Kinetics Plant Simulation
English, 96 pages, published: 06/30/06
NEA#6219, ISBN: 92-64-02295-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2006/nsc-doc2006-5.pdf
In the field of coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics computation there is a need to enhance scientific knowledge in order to develop advanced modelling techniques for new nuclear technologies and concepts, as well as current applications.

Recently developed best-estimate computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear cores and for the coupling of core phenomena and system dynamics need to be compared against each other and validated against results from experiments. International benchmark studies have been set up for this purpose.

The present volume, a follow-up to the first volume describing the specification of the benchmark, presents the results of the first exercise that identifies the key parameters and important issues concerning the thermal-hydraulic system modelling of the simulated transient. This exercise aims to achieve the correct initialisation and testing of the system code models. The transient chosen for the exercise is caused by the switching on of a main coolant pump while the other three are in operation. It is based on an experiment that was conducted by Bulgarian and Russian engineers during the plant-commissioning phase at the VVER-1000 Kozloduy Unit 6.
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VVER-1000 MOX Core Computational Benchmark
Specification and Results
English, 88 pages, published: 01/20/06
NEA#6088, ISBN: 92-64-01081-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2005/nsc-doc2005-17.pdf
The United States and the Russian Federation have each agreed to dispose of 34 tonnes of weapons-grade plutonium that are beyond their defence needs. One effective way to dispose of this plutonium is to convert it into mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel, burn it in a nuclear reactor and use it to produce electricity.

This report describes an international benchmark study that compared the results obtained for six different states in a VVER-1000 reactor core loaded with one-third MOX fuel. This NEA activity contributes to the computer code certification process and to the verification of calculation methods used in the Russian Federation.
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Very High Burn-ups in Light Water Reactors
English, 140 pages, published: 08/22/06
NEA#6224, ISBN: 92-64-02303-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2006/nea6224-burn-up.pdf
Average fuel burn-up in light water reactors (LWRs) has steadily increased with time as technological advances have been made. The practical limit is currently in the region of 50 GWd/t. The main driving forces behind this increase have been to reduce the cost of the nuclear fuel cycle and to benefit from the increased operational flexibility that high burn-ups allow. One of the main questions at this stage is whether this historic trend will continue, or whether there are scientific and technological limits to current LWR fuel burn-ups.

This publication investigates the limitations and potential benefits of very high fuel burn-up (60-100 GWd/t) in light water reactors. It covers technical aspects, such as fuel fabrication, thermal-hydraulic design limits and fuel performance, as well as economic aspects. The report provides several recommendations regarding scientific and technological areas in which further development is required to achieve these very high burn-ups.

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2004 NEA Annual Report
English, 52 pages, published: 04/25/05
NEA#6019, ISBN: 92-64-01053-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2004/

Other language(s):
- Français: 2004 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Accelerator and Spallation Target Technologies for ADS Applications
A Status Report
English, 92 pages, published: 04/28/05
NEA#5421, ISBN: 92-64-01056-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5421-accelerator.pdf
The efficient and safe management of spent fuel produced during the operation of commercial nuclear power plants is an important issue. Worldwide, more than 250 000 tons of spent fuel from reactors currently operating will require disposal. These numbers account for only high-level radioactive waste generated by present-day power reactors.

Nearly all issues related to risks to future generations arising from the long-term disposal of such spent nuclear fuel is attributable to only about 1% of its content. This 1% is made up primarily of plutonium, neptunium, americium and curium (called transuranic elements) and the long-lived isotopes of iodine and technetium. When transuranics are removed from discharged fuel destined for disposal, the toxic nature of the spent fuel drops below that of natural uranium ore (that which was originally mined for the nuclear fuel) within a period of several hundred years. This significantly reduces the burden on geological repositories and the problem of addressing the remaining long-term residues can thus be done in controlled environments having timescales of centuries rather than millennia.

To address the disposal of transuranics, accelerator-driven systems (ADS), i.e. a sub-critical system driven by an accelerator to sustain the chain reaction, seem to have great potential for transuranic transmutation, though much R&D work is still required in order to demonstrate their desired capability as a whole system.

This report describes the current status of accelerator and spallation target technologies and suggests technical issues that need to be resolved for ADS applications. It will be of particular interest to nuclear scientists involved in ADS development and in advanced fuel cycles in general.
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Achieving the Goals of the Decommissioning Safety Case
A Status Report
English, 40 pages, published: 12/30/05
NEA#5417, ISBN: 92-64-01068-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5417-decom.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers la réalisation d'un dossier de sûreté de démantèlement 
The key issue in the decommissioning of nuclear facilities is the progressive removal of hazards, by stepwise decontamination and dismantling activities that have to be carried out safely and within the boundaries of an approved safety case. The decommissioning safety case is a collection of arguments and evidence to demonstrate the safety of a decommissioning project. The safety case involves analysing the hazards and the separate stages required for hazard reduction. This status report, drawn from the activities of the OECD/NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD), will be helpful to individuals and organisations involved in the preparation of a decommissioning safety case.
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Eighth Information Exchange Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 9-11 November 2004
English, 160 pages, published: 11/04/05
NEA#6024, ISBN: 92-64-01071-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pt/docs/iem/lasvegas04/
In response to the interest expressed by its member countries, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has regularly organised biennial information exchange meetings on actinide and fission product partitioning an transmutation (P&T) since 1990, in order to provide experts with a forum to present and discuss the latest developments in the field. This book and its enclosed CD-ROM contain the proceedings of the 8th Information Exchange Meeting held in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA on 9-11 November 2004. The meeting covered the broad spectrum of developments in the field, including the potential impact of P&T on radioactive waste management, new partitioning technologies, fuels for transmuation devices, as well as critical and accelerator-driven transmuting devices. More than 80 papers were presented during the meeting and have been reproduced for the reader herein.
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Benchmark on Deterministic Transport Calculations Without Spatial Homogenisation
MOX Fuel Assembly 3-D Extension Case
English, 160 pages, published: 09/16/05
NEA#5420, ISBN: 92-64-01069-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2005/nsc-doc2005-16.pdf
An important issue regarding deterministic transport methods for whole core calculations is that homogenised techniques can introduce errors into results. In addition, with modern computational abilities, direct whole core heterogeneous calculations are becoming increasingly feasible.

Following a previous benchmark in this series in 2003, this 3-D extension case was designed to simulate three core configurations with different levels of axial heterogeneity utilising control rods. A majority of the participants obtained solutions that were more than acceptable for typical nuclear reactor calculations, showing that modern deterministic transport codes and methods can calculate the flux distribution reasonably well without relying upon special homogenisation techniques. The report will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and transport code developers.
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Beneficial Uses and Production of Isotopes
2004 Update
English, 64 pages, published: 02/25/05
NEA#5293, ISBN: 92-64-00880-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2005/5293-beneficial-use.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Usages bénéfiques et production des isotopes 
Radioactive isotopes continue to play an increasingly important role in medical diagnosis and therapy, key industrial applications and scientific research. They can be vital to the health and well-being of citizens, and contribute to the world economy. It is therefore important to understand their production and use.

This report provides a solid basis for understanding the production and use of radioisotopes in the world today. It will be of interest not only to government policy makers, but also to scientists, medical practitioners, students and industrial users.
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Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (TT) Benchmark - Volume II
Volume II: Summary Results of Exercise 1
English, 132 pages, published: 07/07/05
NEA#4448, ISBN: 92-64-01064-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2004/nsc-doc2004-21.pdf
In the field of coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics computation there is a need to enhance scientific knowledge in order to develop advanced modelling techniques for new nuclear technologies and concepts as well as for current applications. Recently developed "best-estimate" computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear cores and for coupling core phenomena and system dynamics (PWR, BWR, VVER) need to be compared against each other and validated against results from experiments. International benchmark studies have been set up for this purpose.

The present report is the second in a series of four and summarises the results of the first benchmark exercise, which identifies the key parameters and important issues concerning the thermal-hydraulic system modelling of the transient, with specified core average axial power distribution and fission power time transient history. The transient addressed is a turbine trip in a boiling water reactor, involving pressurisation events in which the coupling between core phenomena and system dynamics plays an important role. In addition, the data made available from experiments carried out at the Peach Bottom 2 reactor (a GE-designed BWR/4) make the present benchmark particularly valuable.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - Nos. 7-8
Living PSA and its Use in the Nuclear Safety Decision-making Process - Development and Use of Risk Monitors at Nuclear Power Plants
English, 40 pages, published: 02/01/05
NEA#4411, ISBN: 92-64-01047-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2005/nea4411-PSA-risk-monitors.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - Nos 7-8 
Probabilistic safety analyses (PSAs) for many of the nuclear power plants throughout the world are being maintained as "living PSAs" (LPSAs), being updated to take account of changes to the design and operation of the plant, improvements in the understanding of how the plant behaves in fault situations and improved PSA methods, models and data. One of the specific applications of a living PSA is the risk monitor, used by operators and regulators to provide risk information employed in the decision-making process to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Since the first risk monitors were put into operation in 1988, the number of risk monitors worldwide has increased rapidly. By the end of 2003 there were more than 110 in operation and this figure should increase to over 150 when those monitors being developed are placed in service.

Combining these two technical opinion papers into a single publication provides the reader - notably senior researchers and industry leaders, nuclear safety regulators, nuclear power plant operators - with a concise assessment of the current state of the art, thus enabling better analysis when evaluating proposals or the development of these applications.

CSNI: NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations.
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Clay Club Catalogue of Characteristics of Argillaceous Rocks
English, 72 pages, published: 09/02/05
NEA#4436, ISBN: 92-64-01067-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea4436-argillaceous-catalogue.pdf
The OECD/NEA Working Group on the Characterisation, the Understanding and the Performance of Argillaceous Rocks as Repository Host Formations, namely the "Clay Club", examines the various argillaceous rocks that are being considered for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste, i.e. from plastic, soft, poorly indurated clays to brittle, hard mudstones or shales. The Clay Club considered it necessary and timely to provide a catalogue to gather in a structured way the key geoscientific characteristics of the various argillaceous formations that are - or were - studied in NEA member countries with regard to radioactive waste disposal. The present catalogue represents the outcomes of this Clay Club initiative.
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Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case
Process Issues - Workshop Proceedings, Las Vegas, United States, 14-17 September 2004
English, 156 pages, published: 09/23/05
NEA#6001, ISBN: 92-64-01313-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6001-ebs-process-issues.pdf
The integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is co-sponsoring a project with the European Commission to develop a greater understanding of how to achieve the necessary integration for successful design, construction, testing, modelling an performance assessment of engineered barrier systems (EBS). These proceedings include the main findings and presented papers from the second workshop of the EC-NEA EBS project, which covered inter alia research and development work on pre- and post-closure processes; thermal management; thermal, hydraulic, mechanical and chemical process models; and repository design. The workshop was hosted by the US Department of Energy in Las Vegas, USA, on 14-17 September 2004.
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Evaluation of Proposed Integral Critical Experiments with Low-moderated MOX Fuel
English, 124 pages, published: 07/07/05
NEA#6047, ISBN: 92-64-01049-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea6047-mox.pdf
Athough the fabrication of mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel is well-established with appropriate safety margins, it would still be beneficial to optimise the process by further investigating and possibly reducing these margins. It is also important to demonstrate that all operations involving plutonium and MOX fuels adhere to strict safety standards, and that these standards are based upon the most reliable tools and data.

An NEA workshop, organised in April 2004, confirmed that even though existing unpublished experiments could partially address the need for more accurate experimental data, the need for additional experiments remained. An ad hoc expert group was therefore established to define a framework and method for the selection and performance of new experimental programme(s) of interest. The present publication describes the selection criteria and methodology that were used to compare experimental proposals and makes recommendations on which experimental programme(s) should be pursued.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Second Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 28-29 July 2004
English, 160 pages, published: 10/26/05
NEA#6000, ISBN: 92-64-01362-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/6000-evolution-sys-rp.pdf
One of the main challenges facing radiological protection experts is how to integrate radiological protection within modern concepts of and approaches to risk governance. It is within this context that the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) decided to develop new general recommendations to replace its Publication 60 recommendations of 1990. In the process of developing these new recommendations, the views of the ICRP have evolved significantly, largely due to stakeholder involvement that has been actively solicited by the ICRP. In this regard, it was upheld during the First Asian Regional Conference organised by the NEA in October 2002 that the implementation of the new system must allow for regional, societal and cultural differences.

In order to ensure appropriate consideration of these differences, the NEA organised the Second Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection. Held in Tokyo on 28-29 July 2004, the conference included presentations by the ICRP Chair as well as by radiological experts from Australia, China, Japan and Korea. Within their specific cultural and socio-political milieu, Asia-Pacific and western ways of thought on how to improve the current system of radiological protection were presented and discussed. These ways of thinking, along with a summary of the conference results, are described in these proceedings.
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Fuels and Materials for Transmutation
A Status Report
English, 240 pages, published: 07/29/05
NEA#5419, ISBN: 92-64-01066-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5419_fuels_materials.pdf
The safe and efficient management of spent fuel from the operation of commercial nuclear power plants is an important issue. Worldwide, more than 250 000 tons of spent fuel from reactors currently operating will require disposal. These numbers account for only high-level radioactive waste generated by present-day power reactors.

Nearly all issues related to risks to future generations arising from the long-term disposal of such spent nuclear fuel is attributable to only about 1% of its content. This 1% is made up primarily of plutonium, neptunium, americium and curium (called transuranic elements) and the long-lived isotopes of iodine and technetium. When transuranics are removed from discharged fuel destined for disposal, the toxic nature of the spent fuel drops below that of natural uranium ore (that which was originally mined for the nuclear fuel) within a period of several hundred to a thousand years. This significantly reduces the burden on geological repositories and the problem of addressing the remaining long-term residues can thus be done in controlled environments having timescales of centuries rather than millennia stretching beyond 10 000 years.

Transmutation is one of the means being explored to address the disposal of transuranic elements. To achieve this, advanced reactor systems, appropriate fuels, separation techniques and associated fuel cycle strategies are required.

This report describes the current status of fuel and material technologies for transmutation and suggests technical R&D issues that need to be resolved. It will be of particular interest to nuclear fuel and material scientists involved in the field of partitioning and transmutation (P&T), and in advanced fuel cycles in general.
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Geological Repositories: Political and Technical Progress
Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 8-10 December 2003
English, 250 pages, published: 02/25/05
NEA#5299, ISBN: 92-64-00830-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2005/5299-political-technical-progress.pdf
Various long-term radioactive waste management options have been considered in order to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. Most experts worldwide agree that disposal in engineered facilities, or repositories, located in appropriate formations deep underground, provides a suitable option. Engineered geological disposal is seen as a radioactive waste management end-point providing security and safety in a sustainable manner that does not necessarily require monitoring, maintenance and institutional control. Internationally, this option is regarded to be technically feasible, acceptable from an ethical and environmental viewpoint, as well as acceptable from an international legal perspective.

The Stockholm International Conference on Geological Repositories: Political and Technical Progress brought together over 200 high-level decision makers and other interested stakeholders from the national, regional and local levels. Regulatory bodies and radioactive waste management implementing organisations also took part. In addition to providing a forum for the exchange of the most up-to-date information in the field, it also served to strengthen international co-operation on radioactive waste management and disposal issues.
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 19)
Neutron Activation Cross-section Measurements from Threshold to 20 MeV for the Validation of Nuclear Models and Their Parameters (Volume 19)
English, 258 pages, published: 12/12/05
NEA#5426, ISBN: 92-64-01070-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume19/volume19.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 21)
Assessment of Neutron Cross-section Evaluations for the Bulk of Fission Products (Volume 21)
English, 48 pages, published: 07/08/05
NEA#5428, ISBN: 92-64-01063-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume21/volume21.pdf
Subgroup 21 of the NEA Nuclear Science Committee Working Party on International Evaluation Co-operation was charged with the task of assessing neutron cross-section evaluations for fission products. The undertaking of the taskgroup was considerable: the review and assessment of neutron-induced cross-sections in all major evaluated nuclear data libraries. As a result, the subgroup provided recommendations for the best evaluations for 218 fission products, as set out in this report.
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International Peer Reviews for Radioactive Waste Management
General Information and Guidelines
Bilingual, 36 pages, published: 11/17/05
NEA#6082, ISBN: 92-64-01077-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6082-peer-review.pdf
International peer reviews as a working method is closely associated with OECD practice, where it is facilitated by the homogeneous membership and the high degree of trust shared by the member countries. International peer reviews of national radioactive waste management programmes, or of specific aspects of them, have been increasingly carried out over the past ten years. This document lays down the guidelines that the requesting country, the Secretariat and the international review team ought to have in mind when an international peer review is requested, organised or carried out.

La revue internationale par des pairs est un outil de travail étroitement lié aux pratiques de l'OCDE, dont l'emploi est facilité par l'homogénéité de ses pays membres et par la grande confiance qui règne entre eux. Des revues internationales par des pairs de programmes nationaux de gestion des déchets radioactifs, ou de certains de leurs aspects spécifiques, ont été réalisées de façon croissante depuis les dix dernières années. Ce document décrit les lignes directrices dont le pays demandeur, le Secrétariat et l'équipe internationale d'experts doivent tenir compte lorsqu'une revue internationale par des pairs est demandée, organisée ou réalisée.
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Joint CSNI/CNRA Strategic Plan and Mandates
2005-2009
English, 20 pages, published: 05/31/05
NEA#6034, ISBN: 92-64-01060-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2005/nea6034-csni-cnra-stratplan.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Plan stratégique conjoint CSIN/CANR et mandats 
The mission of the Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) and the Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) is to assist member countries in maintaining and further developing the knowledge, competence and infrastructure needed to support the safe operation of nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities throughout their life cycle, as well as their efficient and effective regulation based upon sound technical information, shared experience and up-to-date methods.

Readers will find the committee's mission, joint strategic plan and mandates herein.
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Management of Uncertainty in Safety Cases and the Role of Risk
Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 2-4 February 2004
English, 236 pages, published: 02/25/05
NEA#5302, ISBN: 92-64-00878-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5302-management-uncertainty-risk.pdf
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised a workshop on the "Management of Uncertainty in Safety Cases and the Role of Risk" in Stockholm, Sweden, on 2-4 February 2004. The workshop's main objective was to discuss different approaches to treating uncertainties in safety cases for radioactive waste management facilities, and more specifically how concepts of risk can be used in both post-closure safety cases and regulatory evaluations.This report includes a synthesis of the plenary presentations and the discussions that took place during the workshop. These proceedings will be of interest to waste repository safety assessors and managers.
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NEA News Vol. 23.1
English, 40 pages, published: 07/08/05
NEA#6007
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2005/nea-news-23-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 23.1 
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NEA News Vol. 23.2
English, 40 pages, published: 12/30/05
NEA#6009, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2005/nea-news-23-2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 23.2 
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NEA Sorption Project Phase II
Interpretation and Prediction of Radionuclide Sorption onto Substrates Relevant for Radioactive Waste Disposal Using Thermodynamic Sorption Models
English, 290 pages, published: 08/11/05
NEA#5992, ISBN: 92-64-01206-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5992-sorption-2.pdf
The modelling of the key process of radionuclide sorption is of great importance in assessing the performance or safety of deep and near-surface repositories for radioactive waste. The first phase of the NEA Sorption Project ran from 1997 to 1998, and highlighted the diversity in the details of the thermodynamic descriptions of sorption processes. Phase II of the NEA Sorption Project was initiated as a major international contribution towards demonstrating the consistency and applicability of different thermodynamic sorption models to support the selection of a sorption parameter, namely Kd values for safety assessments. It was implemented in the form of a comparative modelling exercise based on selected datasets for radionuclide sorption by both simple and complex materials.

This report presents the results of Phase II of the Sorption Project, conducted as a co-operative project under the auspices of the Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the OECD/NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC).
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Nuclear Energy Data 2005/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2005
Bilingual, 102 pages, published: 05/31/05
NEA#5989, ISBN: 92-64-01100-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2005/5989-BB-2005.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, offers a projection horizon lengthened to 2025 for the first time. It presents the reader with a comprehensive and easy-to-access overview on the status and trends in nuclear energy in OECD countries and in the various sectors of the nuclear fuel cycle. This publication provides authoritative information to policy makers, experts and academics involved in the nuclear energy field.

Cette nouvelle édition des Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, une publication annuelle de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présente des données statistiques essentielles sur l'énergie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE et, pour la première fois, des projections jusqu'en 2025. Cet ouvrage offre un aperçu complet et facile à consulter de la situation et des tendances dans le secteur électronucléaire, y compris le cycle du combustible. Il constitue une source de données de référence qui intéressera les décideurs, les experts et les chercheurs dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 75 (June 2005)
English, 176 pages, published: 07/22/05
NEA#6011, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb75.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 75 (Juin 2005) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 76 (December 2005)
English, 120 pages, published: 12/30/05
NEA#6015, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb76.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 76 (Décembre 2005) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Nuclear Regulatory Decision Making
English, 36 pages, published: 03/25/05
NEA#5356, ISBN: 92-64-01051-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2005/nea5356-decision.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La prise de décision en matière de réglementation nucléaire 
The fundamental objective of all nuclear safety regulatory bodies is to ensure that nuclear utilities operate their plants at all times in an acceptably safe manner. In meeting this objective, the regulatory body should strive to ensure that its regulatory decisions are technically sound, consistent from case to case, and timely. In addition, the regulator must be aware that its decisions and the circumstances surrounding those decisions can affect how its stakeholders, such as government policy makers, the industry it regulates, and the public, view it as an effective and credible regulator. In order to maintain the confidence of those stakeholders, the regulator should make sure that its decisions are transparent, have a clear basis in law and regulations, and are seen by impartial observers to be fair to all parties.

Based on the work of a Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) expert group, this report discusses some of the basic principles and criteria that a regulatory body should consider in making decisions and describes the elements of an integrated framework for regulatory decision making.
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Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants
Fourth ISOE European Symposium, Lyon, France 24-26 March 2004
English, 224 pages, published: 10/26/05
NEA#6069, ISBN: 92-64-01036-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/6069-fourth-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has become a unique, worldwide programme on the protection of workers at nuclear power plants. It includes a vast network for exchanging experience in the area of occupational exposure management as well as the world's largest database on occupational exposure from nuclear power plants.

Each year, an ISOE international symposium offers a forum for radiation protection professionals from the nuclear industry, operating organisations and regulatory authorities to exchange information on practical experience with occupational radiation exposure issues in nuclear power plants. These proceedings summarise the presentations made at the Fourth ISOE European Symposium on Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants, held in March 2004 in Lyon, France.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2003
Thirteenth Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2003
English, 104 pages, published: 07/22/05
NEA#5414, ISBN: 92-64-01065-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/5414-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The ISOE Programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 465 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the Programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Thirteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2003 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Optimisation in Operational Radiological Protection
A Report by the Working Group on Operational Radiological Protection of the Information System on Occupational Exposure
English, 124 pages, published: 03/23/05
NEA#5411, ISBN: 92-64-01050-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/5411-optimisation.pdf
Operational approaches to the optimisation of radiological protection continue to evolve at nuclear power plants. The continual improvement of protection has been greatly facilitated by the exchange of good practice and experience through the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE).

With the forthcoming revision of the system of radiological protection, as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Proctection (ICRP), the ISOE programme considered that it would be important and useful to document good operational practice to ensure that it is reflected appropriately in the new ICRP recommendations. This report is a compilation of practical examples of good practice in optimisation. It is intended to assist nuclear power plants in providing the most appropriate protection for the public and workers, and to highlight for the ICRP concepts that should be reflected in its new recommendations.
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Pellet-clad Interaction in Water Reactor Fuels
Seminar Proceedings, Aix-en-Provence, France, 9-11 March 2004
English, 550 pages, published: 07/20/05
NEA#6004, ISBN: 92-64-01157-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2005/6004-pellet-clad.pdf
This report communicates the results of an international seminar which reviewed recent progress in the field of pellet-clad interaction in light water reactor fuels. It also draws a comprehensive picture of current understanding of relevant phenomena and their impact on the nuclear fuel rod, under the widest possible conditions. State-of-the-art knowledge is presented for both uranium-oxide and mixed-oxide fuels.
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Projected Costs of Generating Electricity
2005 Update
English, 232 pages, published: 03/18/05
NEA#5968, ISBN: 92-64-00826-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2005/5968-projected-costs.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Coûts prévisionnels de production de l'électricité 
This sixth study in a series on projected costs of generating electricity presents and analyses cost estimates for some 130 power and co-generation (heat and power) plants using coal, gas, nuclear and renewable energy sources. Experts from 19 member countries, 2 international organisations and 3 non-OECD countries contributed to the study.

Levelised lifetime costs were calculated with input data from participating experts and commonly agreed generic assumptions, using a uniform methodology. The study shows that the competitiveness of alternative generation sources and technologies depends on many factors and that there is no absolute winner. Key issues related to generation costs are addressed in the report including methodologies to incorporate risk in cost assessments, impact of carbon emission trading and integration of wind power into electricity grids. The projected costs presented are generic and do not reflect the full range of factors (e.g., security of supply, risks and carbon emissions) that investors and other decision makers need to take into account. This report will be, however, a reference for energy policy makers, electricity system analysts and energy economists.
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Radioactive Waste Management Programmes in OECD/NEA Member Countries
English, 124 pages, published: 12/22/05
NEA#5248, ISBN: 92-64-01210-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2005/5248-rwm-programmes-member-countries.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Programmes de gestion des déchets radioactifs dans les pays membres de l'AEN 
These fact sheets present the radioactive waste management programmes of 20 OECD/NEA member countries. They include information about the sources, types and quantities of waste as well as how and by whom they are managed. References for further information are also provided for each country.
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Review of the Role, Activities and Working Methods of the CNRA
Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA)
English, 64 pages, published: 06/13/05
NEA#6028, ISBN: 92-64-01062-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2005/nea6028-cnra-role.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: French version of the Review of the Role, Activities and Working Methods of the CNRA 
This report, prepared by an independent review group, characterises the current role, priorities and working methods of the NEA Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA), identifies and analyses issues of concern, and suggests ways to further increase the efficiency and effectiveness as well as the visibility of the committee. It also reviews the role and interactions between the CNRA and the other NEA standing technical committees and international organisations, and suggests ways to improve co-ordination and co-operation.

In formulating its report, the review group examined various CNRA documents (e.g. summary records, reports) interviewed past and present CNRA members, standing technical committee chairs and others, and gathered additional input through a questionnaire.

Conclusions and recommendations have been derived concerning the mid-term and long-term role and orientation of the committee and, in particular, the balance between technical- and policy-related activities.
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Review of the Role, Activities and Working Methods of the CSNI
Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI)
English, 40 pages, published: 11/14/05
NEA#6032, ISBN: 92-64-01072-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2005/nea6032-csni-role.pdf
This report, prepared by a senior-level assessment group, describes the current role, priorities and working methods of the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI), identifies and analyses issues of concern, and suggests ways to further increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the committee. It also reviews CSNI interactions with the NEA Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA), the other NEA standing technical committees and international organisations, and suggests ways to improve co-ordination and co-operation. In closing, conclusions are drawn and recommendations made concerning the future operation and role of the committee.
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Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 7
Workshop Proceedings, Lisbon, Portugal, 17-18 May 2004
English, 260 pages, published: 05/13/05
NEA#6005, ISBN: 92-64-01042-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2005/6005-SATIF-7.pdf
Particle accelerators are used today for an increasing range of scientific and technological applications. They are very powerful tools to investigate the origin and structure of matter, and to improve understanding of the interaction of radiation with materials, including transmutation of nuclides and beneficial effects of risks from radiation. They are used to identify properties of molecules that can be used in pharmacy, for medical diagnosis and therapy, or for biophysics studies.

Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways that protect operators, the population and the environment. New technological and research applications give rise to new aspects in radiation shielding. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and of irradiated targets. They also evaluate progress made and discuss the additional developments required to meet radiation protection needs.
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Stability and Buffering Capacity of the Geosphere for Long-term Isolation of Radioactive Waste
Application to Argillaceous Media - "Clay Club" Workshop Proceedings, Braunschweig, Germany, 9-11 December 2003
English, 244 pages, published: 03/08/05
NEA#5303, ISBN: 92-64-00908-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5303-stability-buffering.pdf
Most experts worldwide agree that radioactive waste disposal in engineered facilities, or repositories, located in appropriate formations deep underground, provide a suitable waste management option for protecting humans and the environment now and in the future.

An NEA workshop was organised on 9-11 December 2003 in Braunschweig, Germany, devoted specifically to argillaceous settings for deep geological repositories. The workshop brought together scientists from academic institutions, engineers from various research institutions or companies, consultants, regulatory authorities and national waste management organisations to establish the scientific basis for stability and buffering capacity of deep geological waste management systems. The present report synthesises the main outcomes of that workshop and presents a compilation of the related abstracts.
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The JEFF-3.0 Nuclear Data Library (Reprint)
JEFF Report 19 - Synopsis of the General Purpose File
English, 136 pages, published: 04/01/05
NEA#6068, ISBN: 92-64-01046-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-19/jefreport-19.pdf
To master the technology and the economics of nuclear energy, deep insight is needed into the physical and chemical phenomena at work in nuclear reactors and all parts of the associated fuel cycle. Scientific knowledge should be constantly updated in order to:
- improve the safety and the economics of existing installations and anticipate possible problems;
- optimise the design of future installations;
- develop satisfactory techniques for radioactive waste storage and disposal.

One of the most important basic tools needed for accomplishing the above is accurate nuclear data. NEA Data Bank member countries have long supported the development of the Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) library, which is used as reference data for nuclear applications in many European countries.

The third, improved version of the data library (JEFF-3.0) was recently issued. The present report describes the contents of this library.
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The Regulatory Function and Radioactive Waste Management
International Overview
English, 24 pages, published: 12/30/05
NEA#6041, ISBN: 92-64-01075-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6041-regulatory-function.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La fonction réglementaire et la gestion des déchets radioactifs 
This overview presents an easily accessible synopsis of the regulatory control of radioactive waste management in 15 NEA member countries. It covers the management of radioactive waste from all types of nuclear installations, such as nuclear power plants, research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities. It also addresses medical, research and industrial sources as well as defence-related sources where relevant. The overview should be of interest to a wide audience of both specialists and non-specialists.
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The Safety of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
English, 320 pages, published: 10/31/05
NEA#3588, ISBN: 92-64-01421-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2005/3588-safety-nuclear-fuel-cycle.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La sûreté du cycle du combustible nucléaire 
The procurement and preparation of fuel for nuclear power reactors, followed by its recovery, processing and management subsequent to reactor discharge, are frequently referred to as the "front end" and "back end" of the nuclear fuel cycle. The facilities associated with these activities have an extensive and well-documented safety record accumulated over the past 50 years by technical experts and safety authorities. This information has enabled an in-depth analysis of the complete fuel cycle.

Preceded by two previous editions in 1981 and 1993, this new edition of the Safety of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle represents the most up-to-date analysis of the safety aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle. It will be of considerable interest to nuclear safety experts, but also to those wishing to acquire extensive information about the fuel cycle more generally.
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The Strategic Plan of the Nuclear Energy Agency - 2005-2009
Summary
English, 12 pages, published: 04/21/05
NEA#6074, ISBN: 92-64-01057-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/general/about/strat05-summary.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le plan stratégique de l'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire - 2005-2009 
The NEA mission is to assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases required for a safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes; as well as to provide authoritative assessments and to forge common understandings on key issues as input to government decisions on nuclear energy policy and to broader OECD policy analyses in areas such as energy and sustainable development.
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Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators
Workshop Proceedings, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 16-19 May 2004
English, 528 pages, published: 10/26/05
NEA#6003, ISBN: 92-64-01380-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2005/6003-HPPA-Korea 2004.pdf
Accelerator-driven systems (ADS) are being considered for their potential use in the transmutation of radioactive waste. The performance of such hybrid nuclear systems depends to a large extent on the specification and reliability of high power accelerators, as well as the integraton of the accelerator with spallation targets and sub-critical systems. At present, much R&D work is still required in order to demonstrate the desired capability of the system as a whole.

Accelerator scientists and reactor physicists from around the world gathered at an NEA workshop to discuss issues of common interest and to present the most recent achievements in their research. Discussions focused on accelerator reliability; target, window and coolant technology; sub-critical system design and ADS simulatons; safety and control of ADS; and ADS experiments and test facilities. These proceedings contain the technical papers presented at the workshop as well as summaries of the working group discussions held. They will be of particular interest to scientists working on ADS development as well as on radioactive waste management issues in general.

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2003 NEA Annual Report
English, 40 pages, published: 06/23/04
NEA#5329, ISBN: 92-64-02066-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2003/

Other language(s):
- Français: 2003 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Basic Studies in the Field of High-temperature Engineering
Third Information Exchange Meeting, Ibaraki-ken, Japan, 11-12 September 2003
English, 280 pages, published: 06/01/04
NEA#5309, ISBN: 92-64-01601-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2004/5309-basic-studies.pdf
In response to growing interest in high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) in many countries and the need for improved materials for nuclear applications in high-temperature environments, the NEA organised the Third Information Exchange Meeting on Basic Studies in the Field of High-temperature Engineering. The proceedings of this meeting provide an overview of high-temperature research currently under way, including studies on the behaviour of irradiated graphite and improvements in material properties under high-temperature irradiation. These proceedings also contain recommendations for further international work in the areas of high-temperature engineering.
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Benchmark on Beam Interruptions in an Accelerator-driven System
Final Report on Phase II Calculations
English, 80 pages, published: 07/09/04
NEA#5422, ISBN: 92-64-02072-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2004/nsc-doc2004-7.pdf
In accelerator-driven system (ADS) development, it is important to evaluate temperature variations caused by beam trips, as this type of event in an ADS results in a temperature transient that can lead to thermal fatigue in the structural components of the subcritical system. A series of benchmarks is therefore being organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) for lead-bismuth-cooled and MOX-fuelled accelerator-driven systems.

This report provides a comparative analysis of the Phase II calculation results of the beam trip transients at different power densities. In subsequent phases of the benchmark, temperature transients under irradiated fuel conditions will also be investigated. This report and those to follow will be of particular interest to ADS designers, including subcritical system physicists and accelerator scientists.
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Benchmark on the Three-dimensional VENUS-2 MOX Core Measurements
Final Report
English, 204 pages, published: 02/09/04
NEA#4438, ISBN: 92-64-02160-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2003/nsc-doc2003-5.pdf
In order to validate the calculations methods and nuclear data used for the prediction of power in MOX-fuelled systems, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has examined a series of theoretical physics benchmarks and multiple recycling issues of various MOX-fuelled systems. This had led to many improvements and clarifications in nuclear data libraries and calculation methods. The final validation requires linking those findings to data from experiments. Hence, the first experiment-based benchmarks using the VENUS-2 MOX core measurement data were undertaken in 1999. The two-dimensional benchmark was completed in 2000. A full three-dimensional benchmark using 3-D VENUS-2 MOX core experimental data was launched in 2001 for a more thorough investigation of the calculation methods.

This report provides details of the comparative analysis of the 3-D calculation results against experimental data. Results obtained with the latest nuclear data libraries and various modern 3-D calculation methods are analysed. The report will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and nuclear engineers as well as to nuclear data evaluators.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 4
Human Reliability Analysis in Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants
English, 20 pages, published: 02/09/04
NEA#5068, ISBN: 92-64-02157-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2004/nea5068-HRA.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - No 4 
This technical opinion paper represents the consensus of risk analysts in NEA member countries on the current state of the art of human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for nuclear power plants. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on HRA status as implemented in industrial PSAs. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.

CSNI: NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 5
Managing and Regulating Organisational Change in Nuclear Installations
English, 20 pages, published: 06/09/04
NEA#5348, ISBN: 92-64-02069-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2004/nea5348-change.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - N° 5 
Nuclear licensees are increasingly required to adapt to a more challenging commercial environment as electricity markets are liberalised. One of the costs that is often perceived as being amenable to control is staffing, and hence there is significant exploration of new strategies for managing this cost - for example, by reducing staffing levels, changing organisational structures, adopting new shift strategies, introducing new technology or increasing the proportion of work carried out by external contractors. However, if changes to staffing levels or organisational structures and systems are inadequately conceived or executed they have the potential to affect the way in which safety is managed.

In this context, the NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations (CSNI) and its Special Expert Group on Human and Organisational Factors (SEGHOF) organised an international workshop to discuss the management and regulation of organisational change in 2001. This technical opinion paper distils the findings of that workshop and sets out the factors that regulatory bodies might reasonably expect to be addressed within licensees' arrangements to manage organisational change. The paper should be of particular interest to both regulators and managers of nuclear utilities.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 6
PSA-based Event Analysis
English, 24 pages, published: 12/02/04
NEA#4409, ISBN: 92-64-02091-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2004/nea4409-PSA.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - No 6 
This technical opinion paper provides the reader with a concise description of both the benefits and disadvantages of using probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) to analyse operational events in nuclear power plants in order to facilitate better operator feedback. The paper's objective is to present decision makers in the nuclear field with a clear technical opinion on how PSA techniques can be used to address this issue. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.

CSNI: NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations.
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Chemical Thermodynamics of Americium (reprint) (Volume 2)
Reprint of the 1995 Review
English, 392 pages, published: 06/02/04
NEA#3713, ISBN: 92-64-02168-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/pubs/americium.pdf
The present volume is a reprint of the 1995 edition of Chemical Thermodynamics of Americium by Robert J. Silva, Giovanni Bidoglio, Malcom H. Rand, Piotr B. Robouch, Hans Wanner and Ignasi Puigdomenech, which also contains an Appendix on the Chemical Thermodynamcis of Uranium by Ingmar Grenthe, M.C. Amaia Sandino, Ignasi Puidomenech and Malcom H. Rand.

As part of Phase II of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project (TDB), a new publication entitled Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium and Technetium and authored by Robert Guillaumont, Thomas Fanghänel, Jean Fuger, Ingmar Grenthe, Volker Neck, Donald A. Palmer and Malcom H. Rand, was published by Elsevier in 2003. For americium (and for the topics dealt with in the 1995 Appendix on uranium), this Update contains a review of the literature published since the cut-off date for the literature reviewed in the 1995 edition cited above. As a consequence on this new TDB Review, some of the values selected in the earlier publication have been superseded while others have retained their validity. The 2003 Update is self-contained with respect to any new data selections, but the discussions leading to the retained selections can in most cases only be found in the 1995 publication. Since the latter is no longer available from its original publisher, the NEA is making the present reprint available to the scientific community.
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Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium (reprint) (Volume 1)
Reprint of the 1992 Review
English, 738 pages, published: 06/02/04
NEA#3712, ISBN: 92-64-02167-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/pubs/uranium.pdf
The present volume is a reprint of the 1992 edition of Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium by Ingmar Grenthe, Jean Fuger, Rudy J.M. Konings, Robert J. Lemire, Anthony B. Muller, Chinh Nguyen-Trung and Hans Wanner.

As part of Phase II of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project (TDB), a new publication entitled Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium and Technetium and authored by Robert Guillaumont, Thomas Fanghänel, Jean Fuger, Ingmar Grenthe, Volker Neck, Donald A. Palmer and Malcom H. Rand, was published by Elsevier in 2003. For uranium this Update contains a review of the literature published since the cut-off date for the literature reviewed in the 1992 edition cited above. As a consequence on this new TDB Review, some of the values selected in the earlier publication have been superseded while others have retained their validity. The 2003 Update is self-contained with respect to any new data selections but the discussions leading to the retained selections can in most cases only be found in the 1992 publication. Since the latter is no longer available from its original publisher, the NEA is making the present reprint available to the scientific community.
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Collective Statement Concerning Nuclear Safety Research
Capabilities and Expertise in Support of Efficient and Effective Regulation of Nuclear Power Plants
English, 20 pages, published: 03/26/04
NEA#5490, ISBN: 92-64-02169-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2004/nea5490-research.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Déclaration collective concernant la recherche sur la sûreté nucléaire 
The degree to which regulatory-sponsored nuclear safety research is conducted and utilised in the regulatory process varies from country to country. This statement articulates the value to efficient and effective regulation, as well as to safety, of maintaining safety research capability and expertise. It can serve as a guideline for consideration by NEA member countries in determining what safety research capability and expertise should be maintained in support of regulation and why. The intended readership is primarily nuclear safety research managers, regulatory organisations and research centres. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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Computing Radiation Dosimetry - CRD 2002
Workshop Proceedings, Sacavém, Portugal, 22-23 June 2002
English, 256 pages, published: 08/11/04
NEA#4311, ISBN: 92-64-10823-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2004/4311-computing-radiation-dosimetry.pdf
Establishing reliable computational methods and tools for radiation dosimetry is of great importance today because of the increased use of radiation in a number of areas of science, technology and medical applications. Fields concerned include radiation protection, radiation shielding, radiation diagnostics and therapy, radiobiology, biophysics and radiation detection.

A series of lectures delivered by experts provides the content of these workshop proceedings. They are a valuable reference for those wishing to better understand the most advanced computational methods in radiation dosimetry.
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Dealing with Interests, Values and Knowledge in Managing Risk
Workshop Proceedings, Brussels, Belgium, 18-21 November 2003
English, 172 pages, published: 12/20/04
NEA#5301, ISBN: 92-64-00731-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2004/5301-dealing-values-knowledge.pdf
Radioactive waste management is an area of public interest in which stakeholder involvement has largely proven itself to be beneficial to all parties and processes concerned. With growing experience, sharing best practice can be useful at the international level.

These workshop proceedings deal with the local partnership methodology employed in Belgium in order to develop an integrated proposal to the national Government to construct and operate a disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste that is adapted to local conditions. The partnerships are formed amongst representatives of local organisations in affected communities and representatives of the Belgian national radioactive waste management agency. Insights are provided into a unique - and so far very successful - governance approach to dealing with interests, values and knowledge in managing risk.
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Debris Impact on Emergency Coolant Recirculation
Workshop Proceedings, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 25-27 February 2004
English, 424 pages, published: 10/29/04
NEA#5468, ISBN: 92-64-00666-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2004/5468-debris-impact.pdf
Under normal operation, nuclear reactor fuel is cooled by water circulating in the primary circuit. In the case of a loss-of-coolant accident, the reactor is stopped automatically. Residual fuel heat must then be evacuated, typically by use of a safety injection system and a reactor containment spray system. These systems are fed with water recovered from the bottom of the containment through sumps. However, because this water may contain debris (insulating material, concrete particles, paint), sumps are equipped with strainers. These strainers may become clogged, preventing emergency coolant recirculation. This could in turn lead to reactor core overheating, or melting in the most extreme cricumstances.

Participants at the workshop discussed the most recent research and developments in this field, as well as proposed and implemented solutions. These proceedings contain the papers presented at the workshop as well as a summary of the discussions that took place.
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Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Facilities
It can and has been done
English, published: 08/25/04
NEA#5728
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5728-decom.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari 
One concern commonly expressed about electricity production from nuclear power is that the decommissioning (i.e.dismantling to a desirable end state) of the redundant radioactive facilities presents a significant problem. In fact, international experience shows that this is not the case. This brochure looks at decommissioning across the spectrum of nuclear power facilities and shows worldwide examples of successful projects.
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Direct Indicators of Nuclear Regulatory Efficiency and Effectiveness
Pilot Project Results
English, 48 pages, published: 04/20/04
NEA#3669, ISBN: 92-64-02061-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2004/nea3669-indicators.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Indicateurs directs de l'efficience et de l'efficacité de la réglementation nucléaire 
The desired outcome of nuclear regulatory activities is the safe operation of nuclear facilities in a manner that protects public health and safety, and the environment. The operator has prime responsibility for safe operation; however, the actions of the regulator contribute to this objective.

A task group was established by the NEA Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) to develop a set of direct performance indicators of regulatory efficiency and effectiveness. This report describes the pilot project carried out by the task group to test the indicators developed, and makes some general observations about the usefulness of individual indicators as well as recommendations for future activities. While primarily directed at nuclear safety regulators, the report may also be of interest to government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public.
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Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS): Design Requirements and Constraints
Workshop Proceedings,Turku, Finland, 26-29 August 2003
English, 148 pages, published: 05/26/04
NEA#4548, ISBN: 92-64-02068-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea4548-ebs.pdf
A joint NEA-EC workshop entitled "Engineered Barrier Systems: Design Requirements and Constraints" was organised in Turku, Finland on 26-29 August 2003 and hosted by Posiva Oy. The main objectives of the workshop were to promote interaction and collaboration among experts responsible for enginering design and safety assessment in order to develop a greater understanding of how to achieve the integration needed for the successful design of engineered barrier systems, and to clarify the role that an EBS can play in the overall safety case for a repository. These proceedings present the outcomes of this workshop.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 24-25 October 2002
English, 112 pages, published: 02/09/04
NEA#4414, ISBN: 92-64-02163-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/4414-evolution-sys-rp.pdf
The development of new radiological protection recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) continues to be a strategically important undertaking, both nationally and internationally. With the growing recognition of the importance of stakeholder aspects in radiological protection decision making, regional and cultural aspects have also emerged as having potentially significant influence on how protection of the public, workers and the environment are viewed. Differing cultural aspects should therefore be considered by the ICRP in its development of new recommendations.

Based on this assumption, the NEA organised the Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection to express and explore views from the Far East. Held in Tokyo on 24-25 October 2002, the conference included presentations by the ICRP Chair as well as by radiological protection experts from Japan, the Republic of Korea, China and Australia. The distinct views and needs of these countries were discussed in the context of their regional and cultural heritages. These views, along with a summary of the conference results, are presented in these proceedings.
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Geological Disposal: Building Confidence Using Multiple Lines of Evidence
First AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, 3-5 June 2003
English, 204 pages, published: 06/01/04
NEA#4309, ISBN: 92-64-01592-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4309-geological.pdf
When preparing the safety case for a deep geological repository of radioactive waste, the integration of wide-ranging information from multidisciplinary sources is a complex task. This has provided the motivation for establishing AMIGO, an OECD/NEA international project on "Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case". AMIGO is structured as a series of biannual topical workshops involving site characterisation and safety assessment practitioners with experience in both sedimentary and crystalline rock settings.

The first AMIGO workshop was organised in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland on 3-5 June 2003. The main objective of the workshop was to exchange views on building confidence in analyses and arguments that support the safety case using multiple lines of evidence and integrating the work of geoscientists and safety assessors. These proceedings present the outcomes of the workshop.
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Government and Nuclear Energy
English, 96 pages, published: 03/31/04
NEA#5270, ISBN: 92-64-01538-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2004/5270-government-nuclear-energy.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Gouvernement et énergie nucléaire 
The main objective of national energy policies in OECD countries is to ensure the availability of secure and economic supplies with minimal environmental impact. The means of achieving security and competitiveness in the supply of electricity differ between countries. Some governments resort to competitive markets while others maintain ownership and apply strict economic regulation. Environmental goals are pursued by direct regulation and sometimes, for example in the case of carbon dioxide emissions from power plants, by adopting market-based approaches.

This publication addresses the roles and responsibilities of governments in the field of nuclear energy, within the context of broad national policy goals, and reviews the tools available to achieve those goals. It will be of particular interest to decision makers in government and the industry, as well as to energy policy analysts and journalists.
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JANIS - Version 2.0 (A Java-based Nuclear Data Display Program)
English, 2 pages, published: 01/28/04
NEA#3728
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/
JANIS (Java-based nuclear information software) is a display program designed to facilitate the visualisation and manipulation of nuclear data. Its objective is to allow the user of nuclear data to access numerical values and graphical representations without prior knowledge of the storage format. It offers maximum flexibility for the comparison of different nuclear data sets. The first version of JANIS was used by more than 700 users around the world. Important feedback was accumulated and improvements were added to the software to produce JANIS-2.0.
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JANIS 2.1 (DVD)
English, 1 pages, published: 07/27/04
NEA#5688
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/
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Learning and Adapting to Societal Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management
Key Findings and Experience of the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence
English, 70 pages, published: 09/13/04
NEA#5296, ISBN: 92-64-02080-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5296-societal.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Comprendre les attentes de la société dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs et s'y adapter 
This report presents a synthesis of the key findings and experience of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence regarding the governance of long-term radioactive waste management. Most of the main findings are of relevance to all public policy-making processes, not only to radioactive waste management. In this sense, the report reads as a primer on the concrete governance challenges facing complex, collective decision making.
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NEA News Vol. 22.1
English, 40 pages, published: 06/29/04
NEA#5208, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2004/nea-news-22-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 22.1 
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NEA News Vol. 22.2
English, 36 pages, published: 12/31/04
NEA#5310
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2004/nea-news-22-2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 22.2 
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Neutronics/Thermal-hydraulics Coupling in LWR Technology, Vol. 1
CRISSUE-S - WP1: Data Requirements and Databases Needed for Transient Simulations and Qualification - 5th EURATOM Framework Programme (1998-2002)
English, 104 pages, published: 11/19/04
NEA#4452, ISBN: 92-64-02083-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea4452-crissue-s-vol1.pdf
The interaction between system thermal-hydraulics and 3-D neutron kinetics is relevant for both the safety and the design and operation of existing nuclear reactors and reactor cores. Today, advanced coupled thermal-hydraulics/neutronics computer tools along with powerful computers can perform realistic best-estimate analyses of complex power plant transients. The results provide new insights into the conversatisms for the specification of relevant operational safety margins and can imply new optimisations of emergency operating procedures in existing plants. They also improve knowledge of the physical phenomena behind "old-fashioned" problems (critical issues) in light water reactor technology, and can specifically shed light on the interaction between thermal-hydraulics and neutronics that still can challenge the design and operation of nuclear power plants.

This is the first of three reports addressing the type of transients that are of interest in relation to reactivity initiated accidents in light water reactor power plants, and elaborating on the data needed for coupled 3-D neutron kinetics/thermal-hydraulic analysis and associated validations.
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Neutronics/Thermal-hydraulics Coupling in LWR Technology, Vol. 2
CRISSUE-S - WP2: State-of-the-art Report - 5th EURATOM Framework Programme (1998-2002)
English, 296 pages, published: 11/19/04
NEA#5436, ISBN: 92-64-02084-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5436-crissue-s-vol2.pdf
The interaction between system thermal-hydraulics and 3-D neutron kinetics is relevant for both the safety and the design and operation of existing nuclear reactors and reactor cores. Today, advanced coupled thermal-hydraulics/neutronics computer tools along with powerful computers can perform realistic best-estimate analyses of complex power plant transients. The results provide new insights into the conversatisms for the specification of relevant operational safety margins and can imply new optimisations of emergency operating procedures in existing plants. They also improve knowledge of the physical phenomena behind "old-fashioned" problems (critical issues) in light water reactor technology, and can specifically shed light on the interaction between thermal-hydraulics and neutronics that still can challenge the design and operation of nuclear power plants.

This is the second of a series of three reports. The first is devoted to the assembly and structure of the existing database related to this subject. This publications provides the state-of-the-art report on the subject. The third report summarises the results, selects the most important findings and indicates the industry position on the related subjects.
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Neutronics/Thermal-hydraulics Coupling in LWR Technology, Vol. 3
CRISSUE-S - WP3: Achievements and Recommendations Report - 5th EURATOM Framework Programme (1998-2002)
English, 68 pages, published: 11/19/04
NEA#5434, ISBN: 92-64-02085-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5434-crissue-s-vol3.pdf
The interaction between system thermal-hydraulics and 3-D neutron kinetics is relevant for both the safety and the design and operation of existing nuclear reactors and reactor cores. Today, advanced coupled thermal-hydraulics/neutronics computer tools along with powerful computers can perform realistic best-estimate analyses of complex power plant transients. The results provide new insights into the conversatisms for the specification of relevant operational safety margins and can imply new optimisations of emergency operating procedures in existing plants. They also improve knowledge of the physical phenomena behind "old-fashioned" problems (critical issues) in light water reactor technology, and can specifically shed light on the interaction between thermal-hydraulics and neutronics that still can challenge the design and operation of nuclear power plants.

This is the third of a series of three reports. The first is devoted to the assembly and structure of the existing database related to this subject. The second provides the state-of-the-art report on the subject. The present report summarises the results, selects the most important findings and indicates the industry position on the related subjects.
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Nuclear Competence Building
English, 100 pages, published: 10/28/04
NEA#5288, ISBN: 92-64-10850-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2004/nea5288-competence-building.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Développement des compétences dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire 
In many countries, government R&D funding in the area of nuclear energy has been dramatically reduced or has disappeared altogether. At the same time, the profit margins of electricity generators have been severely squeezed. The combined effect has led to a reduction in technical innovation and the danger of the loss of technical competencies and skills in the area.

However, because different countries are at different stages of the nuclear technology life cycle, these losses are not common to all countries, either in their nature or their extent. A competence that may have declined or been lost in one country may be strong in another. Therein lies one solution to the problems the sector faces: international collaboration.

This report presents the results of an international survey on initiatives launched during recent years in the area of nuclear education and training. Key human resource issues are discussed and many good practices regarding international collaboration are identified.

The report includes an executive summary along with conclusions and recommendations aimed at policy makers and other stakeholders. It also contains an in-depth analysis of the factual information collected.
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Nuclear Competence Building
Summary Report
English, 32 pages, published: 08/16/04
NEA#5588, ISBN: 92-64-02073-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2004/nea5588-competence.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Développement des compétences dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire 
This booklet, a summary of the full report, presents the main results of an international survey on initiatives launched during recent years in the area of nuclear education and training. Key human resource issues are discussed and good practices regarding international collaboration are identified.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2004/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2004
Bilingual, 100 pages, published: 06/08/04
NEA#5290, ISBN: 92-64-01632-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2004/5290-BB-2004.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, offers additional graphical information as compared with previous editions allowing a rapid comparison between capacity and requirements in the various phases of the nuclear fuel cycle. It provides the reader with a comprehensive but easy-to-access overview on the status of and trends in the nuclear power and fuel cycle sector. This publication is an authoritative information source of interest to policy makers, experts and academics involved in the nuclear energy field.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, publiées tous les ans par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présentent des statistiques essentielles sur l'énergie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE, ainsi que des informations graphiques nouvelles par rapport aux éditions précédentes permettant une comparaison rapide entre la capacité et les besoins aux différentes étapes du cycle du combustible nucléaire. Cet ouvrage offre un aperçu complet et facile à consulter de la situation et des tendances dans le secteur électronucléaire, y compris le cycle du combustible. Il constitue une source de données de référence qui intéressera les décideurs, les experts et les chercheurs dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 73 (June 2004)
English, 124 pages, published: 07/21/04
NEA#5312, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb73.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 73 (juin 2004) 
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 74 (December 2004)
English, 100 pages, published: 12/21/04
NEA#5316, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb74.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire n° 74 (décembre 2004) 
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Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS
2003 Overview
English, 200 pages, published: 04/13/04
NEA#4268, ISBN: 92-64-01542-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/2004/4268-cent-eastern.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Législation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI 
This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in eastern European countries. It covers 11 countries from Central and Eastern Europe and 12 countries from the New Independent States:

Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

The chapters follow a systematic format making it easier for the reader to carry out research and compare information.
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Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study - 2002 and 2003 Updates
Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
English, 308 pages, published: 10/27/04
NEA#4248, ISBN: 92-64-01814-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/

Other language(s):
- Français: Législations nucléaires : étude analytique - Mises à jour 2002 et 2003 
Please note that this publication is no longer available. For the most recent information on nuclear legislation in OECD member countries, please visit the NEA website at www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation.

This 2002-2003 update of the Analytical Study on Nuclear Legislation in OECD member countries was prepared in co-operation with the competent authorities in the countries listed herein. It is organised on the basis of a standardised format for all countries, thus facilitating the search for and comparison of information. The 2002-2003 update consists of replacement chapters for Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This update is based on information which was made available to the NEA Secretariat by the end of 2003. Neither the NEA Secretariat nor the national authorities of the countries concerned assume any liability for it.
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Nuclear Production of Hydrogen
Second Information Exchange Meeting, Argonne, Illinois, USA, 2-3 October 2003
English, 316 pages, published: 04/28/04
NEA#5308, ISBN: 92-64-10770-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2004/5308-production-hydrogen.pdf
Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable source of energy in the 21st century. Present methods for producing hydrogen are mainly based on the reforming of fossil fuels with subsequent release of greenhouse gases. To avoid producing greenhouse gases, the possibility to use heat and surplus electricity from nuclear power plants to produce hydrogen by water cracking is being investigated. This report presents the state of the art in the nuclear production of hydrogen and describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with it.
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Nuclear Regulatory Challenges Related to Human Performance
English, 24 pages, published: 12/02/04
NEA#5334, ISBN: 92-64-02089-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2004/nea5334-human-performance.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le facteur humain : un défi pour les autorités de sûreté nucléaire 
In June 2003, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) organised a topical session on the importance of human performance to nuclear safety and the factors influencing it. The discussion focused on three questions:

- Is human performance as important to the safety of nuclear installations as many references seem to indicate?
- Has the importance of human performance increased during the past five to ten years?
- What recommendations can be made on how to manage human peformance challenges?

This publication provides a summary of the introductory presentations as well as a description of the regulatory challenges identified during the discussions. The publication's intended audience is primarily nuclear regulators; it may also be of interest to technical support organisations, nuclear operators, governmental bodies and the general public.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2002
Twelfth Annual Report on the ISOE programme, 2002
English, 108 pages, published: 02/27/04
NEA#4418, ISBN: 92-64-02164-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/4418-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The ISOE Programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 465 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the Programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Twelfth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2002 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Post-closure Safety Case for Geological Repositories
Nature and Purpose
English, 56 pages, published: 07/19/04
NEA#3679, ISBN: 92-64-02075-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea3679-closure.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dossier de sûreté post-fermeture d'un dépôt en formation géologique 
Disposal of long-lived radioactive waste in engineered facilities deep underground is being widely investigated worldwide in order to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. This report defines and analyses the purpose and general contents of the post-closure safety cases for such facilities. The aim is to provide a point of reference for people involved in the development of safety cases and those with responsibility for, or interest in, decision making in radioactive waste management.
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Pyrochemical Separations in Nuclear Applications
A Status Report
English, 180 pages, published: 06/25/04
NEA#5427, ISBN: 92-64-02071-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5427-pyrochemical.pdf
The treatment of spent nuclear fuel is presently performed by the industry using different aqueous chemical processes. Alternative dry processes, using pyrochemical methods, are beginning to receive greater attention due to their potential advantages for more compact reprocessing plant designs, as well as for reduced criticality and radiation dose risks.

Effective transmutation of long-lived fission products and minor actinides will be based in future on multi-recycling of the fuel with very high burn-up and short cooling times, conditions for which pyrochemical methods offer various advantages over traditional aqueous processes. Closed nuclear fuel cycles, considered for the future generation of nuclear reactors, could also benefit from pyrochemical reprocessing methods. Studies of pyrochemical processes have so far been carried out at laboratory level. Much R&D work will still be required in order to upgrade these processes to the level of current industrial aqueous processing.

This publication describes ongoing national programmes, collaborative international activiities, present research needs and future applications for pyrochemical methods, used in the treatment of irradiated nuclear fuel. It will be of particular interest to nuclear scientists involved in the development of advanced fuel cyles.
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Safety of Disposal of Spent Fuel, HLW and Long-lived ILW in Switzerland
An International Peer Review of the Post-closure Radiological Safety Assessment for Disposal in the Opalinus Clay of the Zürcher Weinland
English, 126 pages, published: 04/23/04
NEA#5568, ISBN: 92-64-02063-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5568-nagra.pdf

Other language(s):
- German: Die Sicherheit der geologischen Tiefenlagerung von BE, HAA und LMA in der Schweiz 
Studies are under way in Switzerland to investigate various aspects of the geological disposal of radioactive waste. This report presents the results of the international peer review organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) on behalf of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (BFE) of a post-closure radiological safety assessment prepared by Nagra for geological disposal of spent fuel (SF), vitrified high-level waste (HLW) and long-lived intermediate-level waste (ILW) within the Opalinus Clay of the Zürcher Weinland in northern Switzerland.
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Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 6
Workshop Proceedings, Stanford, California, USA, 10-12 April 2002
English, 448 pages, published: 07/22/04
NEA#3828, ISBN: 92-64-01733-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2004/3828-SATIF-6.pdf
Particle accelerators are used today for an increasing range of scientific and technological applications. They are very powerful tools for investigating the origin and structure of matter, and for improving understanding of the interaction of radiation with materials, including the transmutation of nuclides and the beneficial or harmful effects of radiation. Particle accelerators are used to identify properties of molecules that can be used in pharmacy, for medical diagnosis and therapy, and for biophysics studies.

Particle accelerators must be operated in safe ways that protect the operators, the population and the environment. New technological and research applications give rise to new issues in radiation shielding. These workshop proceedings review the state of the art in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities and irradiated targets. They also evaluate advancements and discuss the additional developments required to meet radiation protection needs.
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Stakeholder Involvement Techniques
A Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography
English, 54 pages, published: 10/14/04
NEA#5418, ISBN: 92-64-02087-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5418-stakeholder.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Favoriser la participation des parties prenantes 
Stakeholder involvement, dialogue and deliberation can improve the quality and the sustainability of policy decisions. This publication offers a short guide to stakeholder involvement techniques and their selection. It includes an annotated bibliography pointing to easily accessible handbooks and other resources. While it approaches the topic from the point of view of radioactive waste management, it is intended for any person or organisation considering stakeholder involvement in decision making.
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Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (Villigen 3)
Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
English, 64 pages, published: 07/29/04
NEA#5298, ISBN: 92-64-10825-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/5298-stakeholder-villigen-3.pdf
Since 1988, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency has been organising a series of workshops to address the various aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. These workshops have been instrumental in forging consensus and improving understanding of key issues in this area.

Building on the experience of the first two "Villigen workshops", the third in the series extensively analysed three case studies, which covered the licensing of a new facility, the clean-up and release of an old facility, and the rehabilitation of a large, contaminated area. Consideration was given to the stakeholder involvement processes that had been used, and the implications that these did or could have on radiological protection policy, regulation and application. The workshop papers analysing these processes and implications are presented in these proceedings, which should provide valuable examples and lessons for governments, regulators and practitioners.
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Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications
Case Studies for the Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
English, 104 pages, published: 05/28/04
NEA#5410, ISBN: 92-64-02065-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/5410-stakeholder.pdf
Within the radiological protection community, stakeholder issues have moved steadily to the forefront of policy discussions, and clearly form a key element in decisions regarding the development and implementation of radiological protection policy. It was in this light that the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) undertook three case studies on stakeholder involvement processes and experiences. Experience and lessons were analysed and extracted that may have application to numerous situations in other national contexts. They are intended to aid decision makers and regulators who are involved in radiological protection, and may have particular value for post-accident contamination situations, the siting of new nuclear installations, the management of emissions from routine operations at nuclear facilities, and the decommissioning of existing nuclear installations.

The three case studies presented in this report were specifically developed as input to the Third Villigen Workshop (Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003) and address the following situations:

- The Canadian review process for uranium production projects in Northern Saskatchewan;
- the Rocky Flats controversy on radionuclide action levels;
- the ETHOS project for post-accident rehabilitation in the area of Belarus contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster.
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Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications
Summary Report of the 3rd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, October 2003
English, 36 pages, published: 07/30/04
NEA#5368, ISBN: 92-64-02079-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/5368-stakeholder-sum.pdf
This summary seeks to answer the questions that radiological protection professionals ask when confronted with the need to consider stakeholder participation processes. As will become clear, there is no one-size-fits-all blueprint for such processes: The sheer range and diversity of the situations where they may be appropriate dictates a much more flexible approach. However, the workshop demonstrated that it is possible to identify common themes and features. These should aid professionals in developing participation processes without detracting from the flexibility needed to remain responsive to the particular demands and expectations of any given situation.

The report is intended for policy makers and regulators with radiological protection responsibilities.
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Stepwise Approach to Decision Making for Long-term Radioactive Waste Management
Experience, Issues and Guiding Principles
English, 76 pages, published: 09/13/04
NEA#4429, ISBN: 92-64-02077-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea4429-stepwise.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La prise de décision par étapes dans la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs 
The decision-making process for developing and implementing long-term radioactive waste management (RWM) solutions extends over decades and involves both a multitude of actors/stakeholders and stages. In order to be sustainable and successful, a great deal of built-in flexibility is needed in designing and carrying out such processes. Concepts such as "stepwise decision making" and "adaptive staging" hold out a means by which the public, and especially the local public, can be meaningfully involved in the review and planning of radioactive waste management solutions.

This review of stepwise decision making for long-term RWM pinpoints its current status, highlights its societal dimension and identifies implementation issues from both the point of view of social research and RWM practitioners. There is convergence between these two perspectives, and general guiding principles and action goals are proposed as a basis for further discussion and development of the stepwise decision-making concept.
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Strategy Selection for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
Seminar Proceedings, Tarragona, Spain, 1-4 September 2003
English, 272 pages, published: 07/16/04
NEA#5300, ISBN: 92-64-01671-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2004/5300-strategy-selection.pdf
As modern nuclear power programmes mature and large, commercial nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities approach the end of their useful life by reason of age, economics or change of policy on the use of nuclear power, new challenges associated with decommissioning and dismantling come to the fore. Politicians and the public may expect there to be a "right answer" to the choice of strategy for a particular type of facility, or even all facilities. Both this seminar and wider experience show that this is not the case.

Local factors and national political positions have a significant input and often result in widely differing strategy approaches to broadly similar decommissioning projects. All facility owners represented at the seminar were able to demonstrate a rational process for strategy selection and compelling arguments for the choices made. In addition to the papers that were presented, these proceedings include a summary of the discussions that took place.
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The Future Policy for Radiological Protection
A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Proposals - Summary Report, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
English, 48 pages, published: 03/01/04
NEA#4421, ISBN: 92-64-02165-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/4421-future-policy.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Politique future en matière de protection radiologique 
At the end of the 1990s, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) launched a process for establishing new recommendations, which are expected to serve as guidelines for national systems of radiological protection. Currently the ICRP's proposed recommendations are being subjected to extensive stakeholder comment and modifications.

The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been actively involved in this process. Part of the Committee's work has been to undertake collaborative efforts with the ICRP through, for example, the organisation of broad stakeholder fora. The first of these, held in Taormina, Italy in 2002, focused on the development of a policy basis for the radiological protection of the environment.

The second forum, held in Lanzarote, Spain in April 2003, addressed the latest concepts and approaches in the ICRP proposed recommendations for a system of radiological protection. During this meeting, the ICRP listened to the views of various stakeholder groups, including radiological protection regulators, environmental protection ministries, the nuclear power industry and NGOs. As a result, the ICRP modified its proposals to better reflect stakeholder needs and wishes. This report presents the outcomes of the disucssions, examining what the ICRP proposed and how its proposals have been affected and modified as a result of stakeholder input.
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The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety
Lessons Learnt from the April 2002 Workshop in Paris, France
English, 52 pages, published: 02/10/04
NEA#4435, ISBN: 92-64-02161-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea4435-timescales.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Gestion des échelles de temps dans l'évaluation de la sûreté en phase post-fermeture 
A workshop entitled "The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety" of deep geological repositories for radioactive waste was organised by the NEA in April 2002. This report presents the main lessons learnt from the workshop discussions and is intended to help promote the better understanding of issues related to the handling of timescales in a safety case.
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The JEFF-3.0 Nuclear Data Library
JEFF Report 19
English, 132 pages, published: 12/14/04
NEA#3711, ISBN: 92-64-01046-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-19/jefreport-19.pdf
To master the technology and the economics of nuclear energy, deep insight is needed into the physical and chemical phenomena at work in nuclear reactors and all parts of the associated fuel cycle. Scientific knowledge should be constantly updated in order to:
- improve the safety and the economics of existing installations and anticpate possible problems;
- optimise the design of future installations;
- develop satisfactory techniques for radioactive waste storage and disposal.

One of the most important basic tools needed for accomplishing the above is accurate nuclear data. NEA Data Bank member countries have long supported the development of the Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) library, wich is used as reference data for nuclear applications in many European countries.

The third, improved version of the data library (JEFF-3.0) was recently issued. The present report describes the contents of this library.
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The Need for Integral Critical Experiments with Low-moderated MOX Fuels
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 14-15 April 2004
English, 220 pages, published: 07/19/04
NEA#5668, ISBN: 92-64-02078-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5668-mox.pdf
The use of MOX fuel in commercial reactors is a means of burning plutonium originating from either surplus weapons or reprocessed irradiated uranium fuel. This requires the fabrication of MOX assemblies on an industrial scale.

The OECD/NEA Expert Group on Experimental Needs for Criticality Safety has highlighted MOX fuel manufacturing as an area in which there is a specific need for additional experimental data for validation purposes. Indeed, integral experiments with low-moderated MOX fuel are either scarce or not sufficiently accurate to provide an appropriate degree of validation of nuclear data and computer codes. New and accurate experimental data would enable a better optimisation of the fabrication process by decreasing the uncertainties in the determination of multiplication factors of configurations such as the homogenisation of MOX powders.

This report contains the proceedings of a workshop organised by the OECD/NEA Nuclear Science Committee. Issues debated include the expression of research needs, proposals of experimental programmes and prospects for an international co-operative programme to address these needs.
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The Regulatory Control of Radioactive Waste Management
Overview of 15 NEA Member Countries
English, 210 pages, published: 02/27/04
NEA#3597, ISBN: 92-64-10650-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2004/3597-regulatory-control-rwm.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le contrôle réglementaire de la gestion des déchets radioactifs 
Regulators are major stakeholders in the decision-making process for radioactive waste management. The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) has recognised the value of exchanging and comparing information about national regulatory practices and having an informal, international network for discussing issues of common concern. The RWMC Regulators' Forum provides considerable opportunity for such activities.

This report presents the initial results of the Forum's work. Information is given for 15 NEA member countries in a format that allows easy accessibility to specific aspects and comparison between different countries. It includes an array of facts about national policies for radioactive waste management, institutional frameworks, legislative and regulatory frameworks, available guidance, classification and sources of waste and the status of waste management. It also provides an overview of current issues being addressed and related R&D programmes.
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The Strategic Plan of the Nuclear Energy Agency - 2005-2009
English, 68 pages, published: 09/17/04
NEA#5729, ISBN: 92-64-02081-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/general/about/strat04.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le plan stratégique de l'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire - 2005-2009 
The NEA mission:

To assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases required for a safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes; as well as to provide authoritative assessments and to forge common understandings on key issues as input to government decisions on nuclear energy policy and to broader OECD policy analyses in areas such as energy and sustainable development.
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Uranium 2003: Resources, Production and Demand
A Joint Report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
English, 302 pages, published: 06/24/04
NEA#5291, ISBN: 92-64-01673-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2004/5291-uranium-2003.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 2003 : Ressources, production et demande 
The "Red Book", jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is a recognised world reference on uranium. This edition, the 20th, presents the results of a thorough review of world uranium supplies and demand as of 1 January 2003 based on official information received from 43 countries.

Uranium 2003: Resources, Production and Demand paints a statistical profile of the world uranium industry in the areas of exploration, resource estimates, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantial new information from all major uranium production centres in Africa, Australia, Eastern Europe and North America and for the first time, a report for Turkmenistan. Also included are international expert analyses and projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements through 2020. The long lead times required to bring resources into production underscore the importance of making timely decisions to pursue production capability well in advance of any supply shortfall.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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2002 NEA Annual Report
English, 40 pages, published: 06/27/03
NEA#4368, ISBN: 92-64-02129-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2002/

Other language(s):
- Français: 2002 AEN Rapport annuel 
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A New Approach to Authorisation in the Field of Radiological Protection
The Road Test Report
English, 76 pages, published: 05/26/03
NEA#4416, ISBN: 92-64-02122-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4416-authorisation.pdf
Approaches to radiological protection have been evolving, particularly over the past several years. This has been driven by the emergence of modern concepts of and approaches to risk governance, and by calls from within the radiological protection community for the simplification and clarification of the existing system of protection, as based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).

The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been very active in developing its own suggestions as to how the system of radiological protection should evolve to better meet the needs of policy makers, regulators and practitioners. One of those suggestions is that a generic concept of "regulatory authorisation" of certain levels and types of exposure to radiation should replace the current and somewhat complicated concepts of exclusion, exemption and clearance. It has also been suggested that by characterising emerging sources and exposures in a screening process leading into the authorisation process, regulatory authorities could develop a better feeling for the type and scale of stakeholder involvement that would be necessary to reach a widely accepted approach to radiological protection.

In order to verify that these suggestions would make the system of radiological protection more understandable, easy to apply, and acceptable, independent consultants have "road tested" the CRPPH concepts of authorisation and characterisation. Their findings, which show that applying these concepts would represent significant improvement, are reproduced herein. Specific approaches for the application of the new CRPPH ideas are also illustrated in this report.
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Seventh Information Exchange Meeting, Jeju, Republic of Korea, 14-16 October 2002
English, 176 pages, published: 08/28/03
NEA#4454, ISBN: 92-64-02125-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pt/docs/iem/jeju02/
During the last decade interest in partitioning and transmutation (P&T) has grown in many countries around the world. In the years to come, P&T is expected to be one of the key technologies for nuclear waste management, together with geological disposal. In order to provide experts a forum to present and discuss state-of-the-art developments in the P&T field, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has been holding biennial information exchange meetings on actinide and fission product partitioning and transmutation since 1990.

This book and its enclosed CD-ROM contain the proceedings of the 7th Information Exchange Meeting held in Jeju, Republic of Korea, on 14-16 October 2002. The meeting covered the broad spectrum of developments in the field, such as the role of P&T in advanced nuclear fuel cycles; developments in partitioning; developments in accelerators, materials and fuels; the performance of transmutation systems and their safety; R&D needs, including benchmarks, data improvement and experiments; and the role of international collaboration. More than 100 papers were presented during the meeting. These proceedings also contain a summary of the panel discussion on perspectives for the future development of P&T.
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Benchmark on Beam Interruptions in an Accelerator-driven system
Final Report on Phase I Calculations
English, 28 pages, published: 08/08/03
NEA#3136, ISBN: 92-64-02138-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2003/nsc-doc2003-17.pdf
In accelerator-driven system (ADS) development, it is important to evaluate temperature variations caused by beam trips as they can result in a temperature transient that would lead to thermal fatigue in the structural components of the subcritical system. A series of benchmarks is therefore being organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) for a lead-bismuth-cooled and MOX-fuelled accelerator-driven system.

This report provides a comparative analysis of the Phase I calculation results of the beam trip transient benchmark. In subsequent phases of the benchmark, temperature transients in different power densities and under irradiated fuel conditions will also be investigated. This report and those to follow will be of particular interest to ADS designers, including subcritical system physicists as well as accelerator scientists.
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Benchmark on Deterministic Transport Calculations Without Spatial Homogenisation
A 2-D/3-D MOX Fuel Assembly Benchmark
English, 152 pages, published: 08/08/03
NEA#3135, ISBN: 92-64-02139-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2003/nsc-doc2003-16.pdf
One of the important issues regarding deterministic transport methods for whole core calculations is that homogenised techniques can introduce errors into results. On the other hand, with modern computation abilities, direct whole core heterogeneous calculations are becoming increasingly feasible.

This report provides an analysis of the results obtained from a challenging benchmark on deterministic MOX fuel assembly transport calculations without spatial homogenisation. A majority of the participants obtained solutions that were more than acceptable for typical reactor calculations. The report will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and transport code developers.
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Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase IV-A
Phase IV-A: Reactivity Prediction Calculations for Infinite Arrays of PWR MOX Fuel Pin Cells
English, 88 pages, published: 05/16/03
NEA#3694, ISBN: 92-64-02123-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2003/nsc-doc2003-3.pdf
The OECD/NEA Expert Group on Burn-up Credit was established in 1991 to address scientific and technical issues connected with the use of burn-up credit in nuclear fuel cycle operations. Following the completion of six benchmark exercises with uranium oxide fuels irradiated in pressurised water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs), the present report concerns mixed uranium and plutonium oxide (MOX) fuels irradiated in PWRs.

The report summarises and analyses the solutions to the specified exercises provided by 37 contributors from 10 countries. The exercises were based upon the calculation of infinite PWR fuel pin cell reactivity for fresh and irradiated MOX fuels with various MOX compositions, burn-ups and cooling times. In addition, several representations of the MOX fuel assembly were tested in order to check various levels of approximations commonly used in reactor physics calculations.
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Burn-up Credit Criticality Benchmark - Phase IV-B
Phase IV-B: Results and Analysis of MOX Fuel Depletion Calculations
English, 180 pages, published: 05/16/03
NEA#3709, ISBN: 92-64-02124-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2003/nsc-doc2003-4.pdf
The OECD/NEA Expert Group on Burn-up Credit was established in 1991 to address scientific and technical issues connected with the use of burn-up credit in nuclear fuel cycle operations. Following the completion of six benchmark exercises with uranium oxide (UOX) fuels irradiated in pressurised water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs), the present report concerns mixed uranium and plutonium oxide (MOX) fuels irradiated in PWRs.

The exercises consisted of inventory calculations of MOX fuels for two initial plutonium compositions. The depletion calculations were carried out using three representations of the MOX assemblies and their interface with UOX assemblies. This enabled the investigation of the spatial and spectral effects during the irradiation of the MOX fuels.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - No. 3
Recurring Events
English, 20 pages, published: 12/31/03
NEA#4388, ISBN: 92-64-02155-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea4388-recurring.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - No 3 
Feedback on operating experience from nuclear power plants is intended to help avoid occurrence or recurrence of safety-significant events. Well-established feedback systems exist on the national and international levels. One such example is the Incident Reporting System (IRS), jointly operated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA).

This technical opinion paper presents the international systems used to collect operating experience, the role of recurring events within them, examples of recurrence and ideas about how to improve the situation. It is expected that managers in both nuclear utilities and regulatory bodies, persons involved in operating experience feedback and analysis, inspectors and technical support organisation staff will be interested in this publication.

CSNI: NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations.
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Collective Statement Concerning Nuclear Safety Research
Good Practice and Closure Criteria
English, 20 pages, published: 12/31/03
NEA#4908, ISBN: 92-64-02149-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea4908-closure.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Déclaration collective concernant la recherche sur la sûreté nucléaire 
The method for setting nuclear safety research priorities and the criteria for ranking programmes and projects, including for their closure, vary from one country to another. This collective statement addresses good practices in conducting nuclear safety research and focuses on closure considerations. It also considers the effects that closure can have for regulators and the industry, including potential losses of technical capability, expertise and facilities. The intended readership is primarily research managers, regulatory organisations and research centres. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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Decommissioning Nuclear Power Plants
Policies, Strategies and Costs
English, 108 pages, published: 08/11/03
NEA#3590, ISBN: 92-64-10431-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2003/3590-decommissiong-npps.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Démantèlement des centrales nucléaires 
The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is a topic of increasing interest to governments and the industry as many nuclear units approach retirement. It is important in this context to assess decommissioning costs and to ensure that adequate funds are set aside to meet future financial liabilities arising after nuclear power plants are shut down. Furthermore, understanding how national policies and industrial strategies affect those costs is essential for ensuring the overall economic effectiveness of the nuclear energy sector.

This report, based upon data provided by 26 countries and analysed by government and industry experts, covers a variety of reactor types and sizes. The findings on decommissioning cost elements and driving factors in their variance will be of interest to analysts and policy makers in the nuclear energy field.
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Effluent Release Options from Nuclear Installations
Technical Background and Regulatory Aspects
English, 104 pages, published: 10/29/03
NEA#3690, ISBN: 92-64-02146-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3690-effluent.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Options de rejet des effluents des installations nucléaires 
Radioactive effluent releases from nuclear installations have generally been substantially reduced in recent years, well below regulatory requirements. At the same time, international and intergovernmental agreements and declarations, as well as national policies, continue to seek to optimise and further reduce such releases. Nevertheless, due to societal concerns about levels of radioactivity in the environment, the management of effluent releases from nuclear installations remains high on the agenda of public discussion.

This report provides basic technical information on different options for managing and regulating radioactive effluent releases from nuclear installations during normal operation. It should contribute to national and international discussions in this area and be of particular interest to both nuclear regulatory authorities and nuclear power plant operators.
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Engineered Barrier System (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case
Workshop Proceedings, Oxford, U.K., 25-27 September 2002
English, 152 pages, published: 07/03/03
NEA#4308, ISBN: 92-64-10354-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4308-EBS-safety-case.pdf
A joint NEA-EC workshop entitled "Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case" was organised in Oxford on 25-27 September 2002 and hosted by United Kingdom Nirex Limited. The main objectives of the workshop were to provide a status report on engineered barrier systems in various national radioactive waste management programmes considering deep geological disposal; to establish the value to member countries of a project on EBS; and to define such a project's scope, timetable and modus operandi. This report presents the outcomes of this workshop.
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Engineered Barrier Systems and the Safety of Deep Geological Repositories
State-of-the-art Report, NEA/CE
English, 72 pages, published: 03/25/03
NEA#3615, ISBN: 92-64-18498-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea3615-ebs.pdf
Repositories for the disposal of radioactive waste generally rely on a multi-barrier system to isolate the waste from the biosphere. This multi-barrier system typically comprises the natural geological barrier provided by the repository host rock and an engineered barrier system (EBS).

The EBS project being conducted by the NEA Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) seeks to clarify the role that an EBS can play in the overall safety case for a deep geological repository. It is in this context that the European Commission and the NEA have prepared the present report, which describes the state of the art for engineered barrier systems and provides a common basis of understanding from which to plan future programmes. It is based on answers to a questionnaire received from 13 countries and 17 organisations.
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Features, Events and Processes Evaluation Catalogue for Argillaceous Media
English, 380 pages, published: 11/28/03
NEA#4437, ISBN: 92-64-02148-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4437-FEP.pdf
The OECD/NEA Working Group on the Characterisation, the Understanding and the Performance of Argillaceous Rocks as Repository Host Formations for the disposal of radioactive waste (known as the "Clay Club") launched a project called FEPCAT (Features, Events and Processes CATalogue for argillaceous media) in late 1998.

The present report provides the results of work performed by an expert group to develop a FEPs database related to argillaceous formations, whether soft or indurated. It describes the methodology used for the work performed, provides a list of relevant FEPs and summarises the knowledge on each of them. It also provides general conclusions and identifies priorities for future work.
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Indemnification of Damage in the Event of a Nuclear Accident
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 26-28 November 2001
Bilingual, 400 pages, published: 03/12/03
NEA#3631, ISBN: 92-64-09919-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/2003/3631-indemnification.pdf
The Workshop on the Indemnification of Damage in the Event of a Nuclear Accident, organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in close co-operation with the French authorities, was held in Paris from 26 to 28 November 2001. This event was an integral part of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2000. It attracted wide participation from national nuclear authorities, regulators, operators of nuclear installations, nuclear insurers and international organisations. The objective was to test the capacity of the existing nuclear liability and compensation mechanisms in the 29 countries represented at the workshop to manage the consequences of a nuclear emergency. This workshop was based upon the scenario used for the INEX 2000 Exercise, i.e. an accident simulated at the Gravelines nuclear power plant in the north of France in May 2001. These proceedings contain a comparative analysis of legislative and regulatory provisions governing emergency response and nuclear third party liability, based upon country replies to a questionnaire. This publication also includes the full responses provided to that questionnaire, as well as the texts of presentations made by special guests from Germany and Japan describing the manner in which the public authorities in their respective countries responded to two nuclear accidents of a very different nature and scale.

L'Atelier sur l'indemnisation des dommages en cas d'accident nucléaire, organisé par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, en étroite collaboration avec les autorités françaises, s'est tenu à Paris du 26 au 28 novembre 2001. Cette réunion faisait partie intégrante de l'Exercice international d'urgence nucléaire INEX 2000. Elle a suscité une large participation des autorités nationales nucléaires, des instances de réglementation, des exploitants d'installations nucléaires, des assureurs nucléaires et des organisations internationales. L'objectif était de mettre à l'épreuve la capacité des mécanismes actuels de responsabilité civile et de réparation des 29 pays représentés à l'atelier de gérer les conséquences d'une situation d'urgence nucléaire. Cet atelier était fondé sur le scenario utilisé lors de l'Exercice INEX 2000, c'est-à-dire une simulation d'accident à la centrale nucléaire de Gravelines dans le nord de la France en mai 2001. Ce compte rendu comporte une analyse comparative des dispositions législatives et réglementaires applicables aux situations d'urgence nucléaire et à la responsabilité civile nucléaire qui s'appuie sur des réponses nationales à un questionnaire, ainsi que les réponses complètes à ce dernier. Cette publication reproduit également les textes des présentations faites par des intervenants allemands et japonais décrivant la manière dont les autorités publiques dans leurs pays respectifs ont fait face à deux accidents nucléaires de nature et d'ampleur très différentes.
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International Evaluation Co-operation (Vol. 9)
Fission Neutron Spectra of Uranium-235 (Volume 9)
English, 28 pages, published: 07/15/03
NEA#3693, ISBN: 92-64-02134-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume9/volume9.pdf
This report has been prepared by Subgroup 9 which was set up in 1998 with the aim of investigating discrepancies found between microscopic and macroscopic data for the uranium-235 fission neutron spectrum. In addition, it was noted that the most recent evaluation of this spectrum had been performed in 1988 and had been based on only one experiment. It was thus felt necessary to review the existing evaluations, taking into account new experimental data and improved calculations methods.
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NEA News Vol. 21.1
English, 40 pages, published: 07/09/03
NEA#4312, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2003/21-1-complete.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 21.1 
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NEA News Vol. 21.2
English, 40 pages, published: 12/17/03
NEA#4314, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2003/21-2-complete.pdf
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Nuclear Electricity Generation: What Are the External Costs?
English, 88 pages, published: 11/10/03
NEA#4372, ISBN: 92-64-02153-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2003/nea4372-generation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Electricité nucléaire : quels sont les coûts externes ? 
Broad economic analysis becomes increasingly important in the context of market deregulation and integration of environmental and social aspects in policy making. External costs will remain a challenge for policy makers as long as they are not assessed and recognised in a reliable and fair way across all sectors of the economy. This report provides insights into the internalised and external costs of nuclear-generated electricity and alternative sources.

This book will be of interest to policy makers and analysts in the field of energy and electricity systems. It contains authoritative information and data that could assist in their decision-making processes as well as support more in-depth analyses and academic research.
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Nuclear Energy Data 2003/Données sur l'énergie nucléaire 2003
Bilingual, 102 pages, published: 06/03/03
NEA#4288, ISBN: 92-64-10326-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2003/4288-BB-2003.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, offers additional textual and graphical information as compared with previous editions. It provides the reader with a comprehensive but easy-to-access overview on the status of and trends in the nuclear power and fuel cycle sector. This publication is an authoritative information source of interest to policy makers, experts and academics involved in the nuclear energy field.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, publiées annuellement par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présentent des statistiques de base sur le nucléaire dans l'OCDE, ainsi que des informations graphiques et textuelles nouvelles par rapport aux éditions précédentes. Cet ouvrage offre un aperçu complet et facile à consulter de la situation et des tendances dans le secteur électronucléaire, y compris le cycle du combustible. Il constitue une source de données de référence qui intéressera les décideurs, les experts et les chercheurs dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire.
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Nuclear Energy Today
English, 112 pages, published: 06/06/03
NEA#3595, ISBN: 92-64-10328-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/nuclearenergytoday/3595-nuclear-energy-today.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'énergie nucléaire aujourd'hui 
- German: Kernenergie Heute 
Energy is the power of the world's economies, whose appetite for this commodity is increasing as the leading economies expand and developing economies grow. How to provide the energy demanded while protecting our environment and conserving natural resources is a vital question facing us today. Many parts of our society are debating how to power the future and whether nuclear energy should play a role.

Nuclear energy is a complex technology with serious issues and a controversial past. Yet it also has the potential to provide considerable benefits. In pondering the future of this imposing technology, people want to know:

- How safe is nuclear energy?
- Is nuclear energy economically competititive?
- What role can nuclear energy play in meeting greenhouse gas reduction targets?
- What can be done with the radioactive waste it generates?
- Does its use increase the risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons?
- Are there sufficient and secure resources to permit its prolonged exploitation?
- Can tomorrow's nuclear energy be better than today's?

This publication provides authoritative and factual replies to the questions. Written primarily to inform policy makers, it will also serve interested members of the public, academics, journalists and industry leaders.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 71 (June 2003)
English, 122 pages, published: 06/27/03
NEA#4316, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb71.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no. 71 (juin 2003) 
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 72 (December 2003)
English, 125 pages, published: 12/16/03
NEA#4320, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb72.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no. 72 (décembre 2003) 
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Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experiences from the IAEA/NEA Incident Reporting System
1999-2002
English, published: 12/16/03
NEA#5168
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea5168-IRS.pdf
Incident reporting has become an increasingly important aspect of the operation and regulation of all public health and safety-related industries. Diverse industries such as aeronautics, chemicals, pharmaceuticals and explosives all depend on operating experience to provide lessons learnt about safety.

The Incident Reporting System (IRS) is an essential element of the system for feeding back international operating experience for nuclear power plants. IRS reports contain information on events of safety significance with important lessons learnt. These experiences assist in reducing or eliminating recurrence of events at other plants. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The first report, which covered the period July 1996-June 1999, was widely acclaimed and encouraged both agencies to prepare this second report in order to highlight important lessons learnt from around 300 events reported to the IRS for the period July 1999-December 2002. Several areas were selected in this report to show the range of important topics available in the IRS. These include different types of failure in a variety of plant systems, as well as human performance considerations.

This report is primarily aimed at senior officials in industry and government who have decision-making roles in the nuclear power industry.
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Nuclear Regulatory Review of Licensee Self-assessment (LSA)
English, 52 pages, published: 06/30/03
NEA#4728, ISBN: 92-64-02132-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea4728-lsa.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Examen par les autorités de réglementation nucléaire des auto-évaluations par l'exploitant 
Licensee self-assessment (LSA) by nuclear power plant operators is described as all the activities that a licensee performs in order to identify opportunities for improvements. An LSA is part of an organisation's holistic management system, which must include other process elements. Particularly important elements are: a process for choosing which identified potential improvements should be implemented and a process of project management for implementing the improvements chosen. Nuclear regulators expect the licensee to run an effective LSA programme, which reflects the licensee's "priority to safety".

Based on contributions from members of the NEA Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA), this publicaiton provides an overview of the current regulatory philosophy on and approaches to LSA as performed by licensees. The publication's intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, but government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants
Third ISOE European Workshop, Portoroz, Slovenia, 17-19 April 2002
English, 356 pages, published: 07/16/03
NEA#4422, ISBN: 92-64-02135-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4422-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE), a joint initiative of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has become a unique worldwide programme on the protection of workers in nuclear power plants, including a network for the exchange of experience in the area of occupational exposure management, and the world's largest database on occupational exposure from nuclear power plants.

Each year, an international workshop or symposium offers a forum for radiation protection professionals from the nuclear industry, operating organisations and regulatory authorities to exchange information on practical experience with occupational radiation exposure issues in nuclear power plants.

These proceedings include the presentations made at the Third ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants, held in April 2002 in Portoroz, Slovenia.
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PENELOPE 2003 - A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport
Workshop Proceedings, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 7-10 June 2003
English, 254 pages, published: 10/20/03
NEA#4488, ISBN: 92-64-02145-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbcps/PDF-Library/penelope-2003.pdf
Radiation is used in many applications of modern technology. Its proper handling requires competent knowledge of the basic physical laws governing its interaction with matter. To ensure its safe use, appropriate tools for predicting radiation fields and doses, as well as pertinent regulations, are required.

One area of radiation physics that has received much attention concerns electron-photon transport in matter. PENELOPE is a modern, general-purpose Monte Carlo tool for simulating the transport of electrons and photons, which is applicable for arbitrary materials and in a wide energy range. PENELOPE provides quantitative guidance for many practical situations and techniques, including electron and X-ray spectroscopies, electron microscopy and microanalysis, biophysics, dosimetry, medical diagnostics and radiotherapy, as well as radiation damage and shielding.

These proceedings contain the extensively revised teaching notes of the second workshop/training course on PENELOPE held in 2003, along with a detailed description of the improved physics models, numerical algorithms and structure of the code system.
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Physics of Plutonium Recycling - Vol. VII
Volume VII: BWR MOX Benchmark - Specification and Results
English, 150 pages, published: 03/10/03
NEA#3038, ISBN: 92-64-19905-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2003/3038-physics-plutonium-recycling-vol.7.pdf
The commercial recycling of plutonium as PUO2/UO2 mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel is an established practice in pressurised water reactors (PWRs) in several countries, the main motivation being the consumption of plutonium arising from spent fuel reprocessing. Although the same motivating factors apply in the case of boiling water reactors (BWRs), they have lagged behind PWRs for various reasons, and MOX utilisation in BWRs has been implemented in only a few reactors to date. One of the reasons is that the nuclear design of BWR MOX assemblies (or bundles) is more complex than that of PWR assemblies. Recognising the need and the timeliness to address this issue at the international level, the OECD/NEA Working Party on the Physics of Plutonium Fuels and Innovative Fuel Cycles (WPPR) conducted a physics code benchmark test for a BWR assembly. This volume reports on the benchmark results and conclusions that can be drawn from it.
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Plutonium Management in the Medium Term
A Review by the OECD/NEA Working Party on the Physics of Plutonium Fuels and Innovative Fuel Cycles (WPPR)
English, 72 pages, published: 11/03/03
NEA#4451, ISBN: 92-64-02151-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea4451-plutonium.pdf
The decision to re-use plutonium generated in thermal reactors is a strategic one for a utility, and is closely tied to the spent fuel management strategy. One option is to reprocess the spent fuel in existing reprocessing plants and immediately re-use the plutonium. Another option is to postpone re-use of the plutonium by placing the irradiated fuel in interim storage. The availability of different types of reactors determines the timescales for the present, medium-term or long-term future re-use of plutonium.

Current commercial reprocessing plants are all designed to separate the remaining plutonium at discharge for re-use. Historically, the rationale was to recover sufficient plutonium to enable a build-up of fast reactors, which were expected to be deployed as uranium reserves became scarce and prices rose. For a variety of reasons, but principally that of the low price of uranium ore, fast reactors have not yet been deployed commercially and projected timescales for doing so have been postponed everywhere.

Fast reactors are nevertheless still judged by many to be the most promising for long-term sustainability. Until such time as fast reactors are deployed commercially, however, the issue of how best to manage plutonium arisings from existing reprocessing plants remains. This report reviews the technical options available for plutonium management during this interim period. Presenting the consensus views of experts in this field, it is intended to serve as a reference source for researchers as well as utilities.
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Possible Implications of Draft ICRP Recommendations
English, 56 pages, published: 06/10/03
NEA#4415, ISBN: 92-64-02131-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4415-icrp.pdf
The Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has, since its inception, worked to develop and improve international norms in the area of radiological protection of the public, workers and the environment. International radiological protection norms continue to evolve, with significant new steps having been taken by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Since the issuance of its 1990 recommendations, which form the basis of the international system of radiological protection, the ICRP has continued to add to them. The sum of these recommendations has become overly complicated and at times incoherent. In 1999 the ICRP therefore began to re-evaluate its recommendations with the aim of consolidation, simplification and clarification. New ICRP recommendations are due to be published in 2005.

The CRPPH is contributing to the development of these new recommendations by providing the views of regulators and practitioners from its member countries. This report summarises the views of the CRPPH regarding the conceptual framework that the ICRP has recently proposed as the basis for its forthcoming detailed recommendations. The CRPPH highly appreciates the open stakeholder process that the ICRP has initiated to gather input for the development of new recommendations. This document, which is supported by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health, and by the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee, provides detailed suggestions with regard to the proposed ICRP framework. The stakeholder views expressed in this report have been presented to the ICRP at the second NEA/ICRP Forum in April 2003, and have persuaded the ICRP to reintroduce several key concepts into its proposed new system.
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Pressured Water Reactor Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) Benchmark
Volume IV: Results of Phase III on Coupled Core-plant Transient Modelling
English, 184 pages, published: 11/19/03
NEA#3129, ISBN: 92-64-02152-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2003/nsc-doc2003-21.pdf
This benchmark is based on a well-defined problem concerning a pressurised water reactor (PWR) main steam line break, which may occur as a consequence of the rupture of one steam line upstream of the main steam isolation valves. This event is characterised by significant space-time effects in the core caused by asymmetric cooling and an assumed stuck-out control rod during reactor trip. It is based on reference design and data from Unit 1 of the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant (TMI-1). It includes a description of the event sequence with set points of all activated system functions and typical plant conditions during the transient.

This report summarises the results contributed by international participants to Phase III of the exercise addressing best-estimate, coupled core-plant transient modelling.
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Public Confidence in the Management of Radioactive Waste: The Canadian Context
Workshop Proceedings, Ottawa, Canada, 14-18 October 2002
English, 196 pages, published: 10/20/03
NEA#4292, ISBN: 92-64-10396-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2003/4292-public-confidence-canadian-context.pdf
Public confidence is significantly affected by social considerations, such as public participation in decision-making processes, transparency of activities, access to information, effective and appropriate mitigation measures, development opportunities and social justice issues. In order to increase public confidence, there is a need to fully understand social concerns and to design an effective strategy on how to address them. This is particularly so in relation to radioactive waste management decision making.

A workshop held in Ottawa in October 2002 brought together a wide range of Canadian stakeholders to present their views and to debate related issues with delegates from radioactive waste management programmes in 14 countries. This third interactive workshop of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence focused on key areas such as the social concerns at play in radiaoactive waste management, how these concerns can be addressed, and development opportunities for local communities.

These proceedings provide a summary of the workshop, the full texts of the stakeholder presentations and detailed reports of the workshop discussions.
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Public Information, Consultation and Involvement in Radioactive Waste Management
An International Overview of Approaches and Experiences
Bilingual, 140 pages, published: 08/14/03
NEA#4430, ISBN: 92-64-02128-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4430-publicinfo.pdf
Institutions involved in radioactive waste management face a rapidly evolving environment stemming from societal changes, including new information technology and new roles for the media. As in many environmental areas, a demand for public participation in decision making creates a need for new approaches to involving stakeholders. This report addresses stakeholder dialogue, consultation and information practices by radioactive waste management institutions at the start of the 21st century. It will provide both the practitioner and the non-specialist with a valuable baseline of detailed, comparative information. It can be used to assess the state of the art in the field as well as to provide a historical perspective when assessing future progress.

Les organismes chargés de la gestion des déchets radioactifs sont confrontés à une évolution contextuelle rapide due aux mutations de la société, comprenant les nouveaux rôles joués à la fois par les nouvelles technologies et les médias. Comme dans de nombreux secteurs liés à l'environnement, la demande de participation du public au processus de décision conduit à adopter de nouvelles démarches à l'égard de l'implication des parties prenantes. Le présent rapport traite des méthodes de dialogue, de consultation et d'information appliquées aux parties prenantes par les agences de gestion des déchets radioactifs au début du 21e siècle. Il apportera aussi bien aux praticiens qu'aux non-spécialistes des informations comparatives détaillées. Il pourra aussi servir à évaluer l'état des connaissances dans ce domaine ainsi qu'à offrir une perspective historique lors de l'évaluation des progrès futurs.
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Radiological Protection of the Environment
Summary Report of the Issues
English, 36 pages, published: 01/30/03
NEA#3691, ISBN: 92-64-18497-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3691-environment.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Protection radiologique de l'environnement 
The system of radiological protection is currently being revised in order to make it simpler, clearer and more responsive to stakeholder needs. During this evolution process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment. It was in this context that the NEA organised, in close collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, a forum on radiological protection of the environment.

This report summarises the key issues discussed at the forum. They include sustainable development, indentification of what to protect, the definition of detriment, the necessary level of regulation, an integrated approach to protection, the use of similar approaches for humans and the environment, practical foundations for a system of environmental protection, and consequences in terms of training.
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Regulator and Industry Co-operation on Nuclear Safety Research
Challenges and Opportunities
English, 46 pages, published: 05/27/03
NEA#4413, ISBN: 92-64-02126-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea4413-research.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Coopération autorités de sûreté-industrie pour la recherche en sûreté nucléaire 
Regulator-industry co-operation in nuclear safety research has potential advantages as well as disadvantages. This report provides research managers in industry, regulatory organisations and research centres with information on current practices in collaborative safety research in OECD member countries. It identifies means of establishing effective industry-regulator collaboration and provides indications on how to overcome difficulties that can arise. It also advises on possible areas of concern. The report addresses in particular the issue of regulator independence, means to preserve it and ways to demonstrate it to the public while undertaking collaboration with industry.
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Research and Development Needs for Current and Future Nuclear Energy Systems (REPRINT)
English, 152 pages, published: 12/31/03
NEA#5188, ISBN: 92-64-02159-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea5188-research-needs.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Besoins de R-D pour les systèmes nucléaires actuels et futurs 
- Japanese: Research and Development Needs for Current and Future Nuclear Energy Systems (Japanese translation) 
Research capability and technical expertise in the area of nuclear science are needed to maintain a high level of performance and safety of present nuclear installations, as well as to develop future-generation nuclear power programmes.

The NEA Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) has completed a study on future research and development needs in specific areas of nuclear science, covering nuclear data; reactor physics and systems behaviour; and reactor fuels, materials and coolants.

This report contains information on past and present international R&D activities conducted under the aegis of the NSC and on R&D needs for new nuclear systems in different NEA member countries. Recommendations for further work in the areas mentioned above are also given in the report. Possible follow-up actions to these recommendations will be considered by the NSC.
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SAFIR 2: Belgian R&D Programme on the Deep Disposal of High-level and Long-lived Radioactive Waste
An International Peer Review
English, 80 pages, published: 04/02/03
NEA#4431, ISBN: 92-64-18499-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4431-safir2.pdf
This report presents the common views of the International Review Team established by the NEA Secretariat on behalf of the Belgian Government to perform a peer review of the SAFIR 2 report, produced by the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials (ONDRAF/NIRAS) to describe the research, development and demonstration activities in the Belgian programme on the disposal of high-level and long-lived radioactive waste in a deep geological repository excavated within an argillaceous formation.
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Short-term Countermeasures in Case of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
English, 112 pages, published: 09/15/03
NEA#3600, ISBN: 92-64-02140-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3600-short-term.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Contre-mesures à court-terme en cas d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique 
Nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management are essential elements of any country's nuclear power programme. The timely and appropriate implementation of short-term countermeasures can, in case of a nuclear emergency with a release of radioactive material, considerably reduce the doses the public could receive in the vicinity of the nuclear installation.

This report summarises information on national emergency preparedness and planning in NEA member countries for the implementation of short-term countermeasures such as evacuation, sheltering and iodine prophylaxis. The information presented may be used to better understand and to compare existing national approaches, procedures, practices and decisions, which may vary among countries due to different national habits, cultural specificity and society needs. This report may also assist member countries interested in achieving international harmonisation of short-term countermeasures;
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The French R&D Programme on Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
An International Peer Review of the "Dossier 2001 Argile"
English, 80 pages, published: 07/31/03
NEA#4432, ISBN: 92-64-02136-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4432-andraeng.pdf
This report presents the conclusions of the International Review Team established by the NEA Secretariat at the request of the French government to perform a peer review of the Dossier 2001 Argile. The latter was produced by the French National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (Andra) to describe the research, development and demonstration activities in the French programme on the disposal of high-level and long-lived radioactive waste in a deep geological repository excavated within an argillaceous formation.
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The Future Policy for Radiological Protection
Workshop Proceedings, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
English, 114 pages, published: 12/05/03
NEA#4291, ISBN: 92-64-10570-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4291-future-policy-rp.pdf
The international system of radiological protection is currently being revised with the aim of making it more coherent and concise. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has published its draft reflections on the system's evolution, and has opened discussions with the radiological protection community in order to seek a broad range of stakeholder input. This open dialogue will help bring about a common level of understanding of the issues at stake and contribute to the evolution of new ICRP recommendations.

These proceedings present a significant block of stakeholder input, comprising the views of policy makers, regulators, radiological protection professionals, industry and representatives of both non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations.
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The Regulator's Evolving Role and Image in Radioactive Waste Management
Lessons Learnt within the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence
English, 28 pages, published: 10/20/03
NEA#4428, ISBN: 92-64-02142-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4428-regulator-role.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Image et rôle des autorités réglementaires dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs 
Of all the institutional actors in the field of long-term radioactive waste management (RWM), it is perhaps the regulatory authorities that have restyled their roles most significantly. Modern societal demands on risk governance and widespread adoption of stepwise deicison-making processes have influenced the image and role of regulators. Legal instruments both reflect and encourage a new set of behaviours and a new understanding on how regulators may best serve the public interest.

This report, based on the work of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence, presents findings of relevance to regulators and examines their role within a robust and transparent RWM decision-making process. Detailed international observations are provided on the role of regulatory authorities; characteristics of the regulatory process; attributes that help achieve public confidence; and regulatory communication approaches.
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The Regulatory Challenges of Decommissioning Nuclear Reactors
English, 32 pages, published: 04/30/03
NEA#4375, ISBN: 92-64-02120-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea4375-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Les autorités de sûreté face au démantèlement des réacteurs nucléaires 
Each nuclear power plant, fuel cycle facility and nuclear research and test facility that is operating today will eventually reach the end of its useful life and cease operation. During the period of its decommissioning, it is important to properly manage the health and environmental hazards and physical protection measures of the shutdown facility in order to protect the health and safety of the public and workers and to safeguard any nuclear materials. In this regard, the nuclear safety regulatory body is responsible for independently assuring that decommissioning activities are conducted safely, that radioactive materials and spent nuclear fuel are disposed of properly and that the site is in an acceptable end state.

The purpose of this report is to describe the broad range of safety, environmental, organisational, human factors and public policy issues that may arise during the decommissioning of nuclear reactors and that the regulatory body should be prepared to deal with in the framework of its national regulatory system. The intended audience is primarily nuclear regulators, although the information and ideas may also be of interest to government authorities, environmental regulators, nuclear operating organisations, technical expert organisations and the general public.
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Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators
Workshop Proceedings, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 12-16 May 2002
English, 432 pages, published: 05/22/03
NEA#4310, ISBN: 92-64-10211-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2003/4310-HPPA-USA 2002.pdf
R&D activities and construction plans related to high power proton accelerators are being considered in various countries to promote basic and applied sciences. This includes plans for accelerator-driven nuclear energy systems (ADS) for the transmutation of nuclear waste. The performance of such hybrid nuclear systems depends to a large extent on the specification and reliability of high power accelerators, as well as the integration of the accelerator with spallation targets and subcritical systems.

Both accelerator scientists and reactor physicists gathered together at an NEA workshop to discuss, inter alia, the reliability of the accelerator and the impact of beam interruptions on the design and performance of the ADS; spallation target design characteristics and their impact on the subcritical system design; safety and operational characteristics of a subcritical system driven by a spallation source; and test facilities.

These proceedings contain all the technical papers presented at the workshop as well as summaries of the discussions held during each technical session.

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2001 NEA Annual Report
English, 40 pages, published: 06/11/02
NEA#3666, ISBN: 92-64-18483-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2001/
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A VVER-1000 LEU and MOX Assembly Computational Benchmark
Specification and Results
English, 156 pages, published: 09/27/02
NEA#3133, ISBN: 92-64-18491-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2002/nsc-doc2002-10.pdf
The United States and the Russian Federation have each agreed to dispose of 34 tonnes of weapons-grade plutonium that are in surplus of their defence needs. One effective way to do this is to convert the plutonium into mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel, burn it in a nuclear reactor and produce electricity with it. The Russian Federation intends to use this MOX fuel in both fast (BN-600) and light water (VVER-1000) reactors.

This report describes a benchmark study that compared the results obtained for low-enriched uranium (LEU) and MOX fuel in a VVER-1000. It contributes to the computer code certification process and to the verification of calculation methods used in the Russian Federation.
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Accelerator-driven Systems (ADS) and Fast Reactors (FR) in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles
A Comparative Study
English, 352 pages, published: 05/07/02
NEA#3109, ISBN: 92-64-18482-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2002/nea3109.html

Other language(s):
- English: Accelerator-driven Systems (ADS) and Fast Reactors (FR) in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles: A Comparative Study - Executive Summary 
- Français: Accelerator-driven Systems (ADS) and Fast Reactors (FR) in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles: A Comparative Study - Executive Summary 
The long-term hazard of radioactive waste arising from nuclear energy production is a matter of continued discussion and public concern in many countries. Through partitioning and transmutation (P&T) of the actinides and some of the long-lived fission products, the radiotoxicity of high-level waste (HLW) can be reduced by a factor of 100 compared with the current once-through fuel cycle. This requires very effective reactor and fuel cycle strategies, including fast reactors (FR) and/or accelerator-driven, sub-critical systems (ADS).

The present study compares FR- and ADS-based actinide transmutation systems with respect to reactor properties, fuel cycle requirements, safety, economic aspects and R&D needs. Several advanced fuel cycle strategies are analysed in a consistent manner to provide insight into the essential differences between the various systems in which the role of ADS is emphasised.

The report includes a summary aimed at policy makers and research managers as well as a detailed technical section for experts in this domain.
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Advanced Nuclear Safety Issues and Research Needs
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 18-20 February 2002
English, 344 pages, published: 05/29/02
NEA#3613, ISBN: 92-64-19781-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2002/3613-advanced-safety-issues.pdf
New nuclear reactor designs are expected to have a higher level of safety than current designs. As part of the efforts to achieve this, important safety issues related to the new designs need to be identified at an early stage, and research required for problem resolution defined.

These proceedings bring together the papers presented at the OECD/NEA Workshop on Advanced Nuclear Reactor Safety Issues and Research Needs. Conclusions of the workshop discussions are offered at the end of the book, which will be of particular interest to all those involved in planning and designing the next generation of nuclear reactors.
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Advanced Reactors with Innovative Fuels
Workshop Proceedings, Chester, United Kingdom, 22-24 October 2001
English, 512 pages, published: 08/30/02
NEA#3056, ISBN: 92-64-19847-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2002/3056-advanced-reactors-2001.pdf
A new generation of nuclear reactor designs is being developed in order to meet the needs of the 21st century. In the short term, the most important objective is to improve competitiveness in the deregulated market. For this purpose evolutionary light water reactors are being developed and promoted actively. In the longer term, other requirements related to long-term sustainability will emerge, including the need to minimise the environmental burden passed on to future generations, the need to establish sustainability of the fuel and the need to minimise stocks of separated plutonium and their accessibility.

At this workshop, information on R&D activities for advanced reactor systems was exchanged and research areas in which international co-operation could be strengthened were identified, in particular the roles that could be played by existing experimental facilities and the possible needs for new infrastructure.
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An International Peer Review of the Yucca Mountain Project
Total System Performance Assessment for the Site Recommendation (TSPA-SR)
English, 96 pages, published: 02/22/02
NEA#3682, ISBN: 92-64-18477-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea3682-yucca.pdf
The Department of Energy of the United States of America (USDOE) has been studying the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada for more than 15 years to determine whether it is a suitable place to construct an underground repository for US spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste of commercial and military origins. A number of performance assessments have been carried out over the past decade by the USDOE, the latest of which is the Total System Performance Assessment supporting the site recommendation process (TSPA-SR) of December 2000. This report presents the results of the jointly organised NEA-IAEA international peer review of the TSPA-SR, performed upon the request of the USDOE. The review was carried out by a team of ten international specialists.
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Basic Studies on High-temperature Engineering
Second Information Exchange Meeting, Paris, France, 10-12 October 2001
English, 360 pages, published: 05/29/02
NEA#3632, ISBN: 92-64-19796-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2002/3632-basic-studies.pdf
In response to increasing interest in high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) in many countries and the need for improved materials for nuclear applications in high-temperature environments, the NEA organised a Second Information Exchange Meeting on Basic Studies in the Field of High-temperature Engineering. These proceedings provide an overview of the activities being carried out in eight countries, the improvement of material properties for HTGR application, in-core monitoring methods and properties of irradiated graphite, and HTGR fuel fabrication and performance.
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Better Integration of Radiation Protection in Modern Society
Workshop Proceedings, Villigen, Switzerland, 23-25 January 2001
English, 280 pages, published: 02/01/02
NEA#3057, ISBN: 92-64-19694-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3057-better-integration.pdf
The societal aspects of risk governance are increasingly becoming a part of public decision-making processes. This tendency is particularly evident in matters dealing with the protection of human health and the environment. The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health organised a workshop to examine stakeholder involvement processes through which governments and regulators can arrive at accepted decisions regarding radiological protection. An example of an area in which stakeholder involvement is important is the clean-up of sites contaminated by accidents or by past industrial or research activities.

These proceedings address the roles of various stakeholders in the decision-making process, and their expectations regarding how a modern system of radiological protection should be integrated within the broader context of risk governance. Case studies are presented to illustrate good practice and as a basis for drawing conclusions regarding general lessons that can be applicable in many different national contexts. These proceedings will be of interest to policy makers, radiation protection experts and interested members of the public.
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CSNI Technical Opinion Papers - Nos. 1-2
Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Power Plants Seismic Probabilistic Safety Assessment for Nuclear Facilities
English, 28 pages, published: 09/26/02
NEA#3948, ISBN: 92-64-18490-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3948-fire-seismic.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Avis techniques du CSIN - N° 1 et 2 
These technical opinion papers represent the consensus of risk analysts and experts in NEA Member countries on the current state of the art in Fire Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) for nuclear power plant design and operation and Seismic PSA for nuclear facilities. The objective is to present clear technical opinions to decision makers in the nuclear community. As such, the intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, senior researchers and industry leaders. Government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.

CSNI: NEA Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations.
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Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts
2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On
English, 160 pages, published: 12/31/02
NEA#3508, ISBN: 92-64-18487-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3508-chernobyl.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Tchernobyl : Evaluation des incidences radiologiques et sanitaires 
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studies of the accident site and the contaminated territories continue to be undertaken, which have yielded new scientific results and highlighted important social and health aspects. This report is a complete update of the NEA's earlier publication, Chernobyl: Ten Years On. In particular, it offers the reader the most recent informatin on the significant new experience gained in the areas of emergency management, long-term environmental behaviour of radioactive materials and health effects.
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Comparison Calculations for an Accelerator-driven Minor Actinide Burner
English, 200 pages, published: 02/21/02
NEA#3128, ISBN: 92-64-18478-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2001/nsc-doc2001-13.pdf
International interest in accelerator-driven systems (ADS) has recently been increasing in view of the important role that these systems may play as efficient minor actinide and long-lived fission-product (LLFP) burners and/or energy producers with an enhanced safety potential. However, the current methods of analysis and nuclear data for minor actinide and LLFP burners are not as well established as those for conventionally fuelled reactor systems. Hence, in 1999, the OECD/NEA Nuclear Science Committee organised a benchmark exercise for an accelerator-driven minor actinide burner to check the performances of reactor codes and nuclear data for ADS with unconventional fuel and coolant. The benchmark model was a lead-bismuth-cooled subcritical system driven by a beam of 1 GeV protons.

This report provides an analysis of the results supplied by seven participants from eight countries. The analysis reveals significant differences in important neutronic parameters, indicating a need for further investigation of the nuclear data, especially minor actinide data, as well as the calculation methods. This report will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and nuclear data evaluators developing nuclear systems for nuclear waste management.
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Environmental Remediation of Uranium Production Facilities
A Joint NEA/IAEA Report
English, 350 pages, published: 02/14/02
NEA#3033, ISBN: 92-64-19509-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2002/3033-environmental-remediation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: Réaménagement de l'environnement des sites de production d'uranium 
Environmental remediation activities in uranium mines and mills have become increasingly important in the last few decades due to the large number of facilities which have been taken out of operation, the growing interest in remediating previously abandoned sites and the increasingly strict environmental regulations that are being put in place. Remediation programmes are being implemented to ensure the return of affected areas to previously existing environmental conditions or to a land use that will be sustainable in the long term and acceptable to all stakeholders.

This report provides a summary of the most relevant issues and practices in remediation programmes or uranium production facilities and an overview of activities and plans in reporting countries. It covers the areas of site characterisation, dismantling and decommissioning, waste management facilities, water remediation, long-term stewardship and monitoring, policies and regulations, and costs. The country profiles of remediation activities and plans include information considered to be important by the country and are based on survey responses provided by 22 countries (12 OECD and 10 non-OECD countries).
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Establishing and Communicating Confidence in the Safety of Deep Geologic Disposal
Approaches and Arguments
Bilingual, 188 pages, published: 05/23/02
NEA#3628, ISBN: 92-64-09782-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea3628-establishing-communicating-confidence-safety-deep-disposal.pdf
Confidence among both technical experts and the public in the safety of deep geologic repositories for radioactive waste is a key element in the successful development of the repositories. This report presents the approaches and arguments that are currently used in OECD contries to establish and communicate confidence in their safety. It evaluates the state of the art for obtaining, presenting and demonstrating confidence in long-term safety, and makes recommendations on future directions and initiatives to be taken for improving confidence.


La confiance des experts techniques et du public dans la sûreté des dépôts de déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques profondes est un élément clé dans la réussite de leur développement. Ce rapport présente les approches et les arguments actuellement utilisés dans les pays de l'OCDE pour établir et faire partager cette confiance. Il fait le point des travaux visant à faire connaître et à démontrer la confiance dans la sûreté à long terme des dépôts. Il comporte également des recommandations sur les futures directions à prendre pour accroître cette confiance.
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Externalities and Energy Policy: The Life Cycle Analysis Approach
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 15-16 November 2001
English, 240 pages, published: 03/08/02
NEA#3676, ISBN: 92-64-18481-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2002/nea3676-externalities.pdf
Getting the prices right is a prerequisite for energy market mechanisms to work effectively towards the development of sustainable energy mixes. External costs of energy have been recognised and assessed in many studies, and the life cycle analysis (LCA) approach provides a conceptual framework for a detailed and comprehensive, comparative evaluation of alternative technology options. Despite this, results from analytical work on externalities and LCA studies are seldom used in policy making.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised a workshop on "Externalities and Energy Policy: The Life Cycle Analysis Approach" to bring together policy makers and experts from governmental agencies and the industry to discuss key issues regarding the role and limitations of external cost evaluations and LCA results. The presentations and discussions reported in these proceedings will be of interest to senior analysts, policy makers and other stakeholders concerned with the sustainable development of the energy sector.
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Fission Gas Behaviour in Water Reactor Fuels
Workshop Proceedings, Cadarache, France, 26-29 September 2000
English, 564 pages, published: 02/04/02
NEA#3053, ISBN: 92-64-19715-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2002/3053-fission-gas-behaviour.pdf
During irradiation, nuclear fuel changes volume, primarily through swelling. This swelling is caused by the fission products and in particular by the volatile ones such as krypton and xenon, called fission gas. Fission gas behaviour needs to be reliably predicted in order to make better use of nuclear fuel, a factor which can help to achieve the economic competitiveness required by today's markets.

These proceedings communicate the results of an international seminar which reviewed recent progress in the field of fission gas behaviour in light water reactor fuel and sought to improve the models used in computer codes predicting fission gas release. State-of-the-art knowledge is presented for both uranium-oxide and mixed-oxide fuels loaded in water reactors.
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GEOTRAP: Radionuclide Migration in Geologic Heterogeneous Media
Summary of Accomplishments
English, 52 pages, published: 03/01/02
NEA#3058, ISBN: 92-64-18479-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea-3058-geotrap.pdf
GEOTRAP - the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media - was carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste. The project was created in 1996 with the aim of developing an understanding of, and modelling capability for, potential radionuclide migration.

This report provides an overview of the project's main findings and accomplishments over its five-year life. This summary should help make the valuable information collected and generated by the GEOTRAP project accessible to a wide readership both within and outside the radioactive waste community. It is a reflection of the careful attention paid by this community to the question of radionuclide transport.
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ISOE - Information System on Occupational Exposure
Ten Years of Experience
English, 40 pages, published: 03/01/02
NEA#3688, ISBN: 92-64-18480-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3688-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created in 1992 to provide a forum for radiation protection experts from both utilities and national regulatory authorities to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The ISOE System is jointly managed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

This report provides an overview of the experience gained from, and benefits provided by, the ISOE System over the past ten years. Active participation of a large number of utilities in ISOE has contributed to a reduction in occupational exposure at nuclear power plants worldwide.
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Improving Versus Maintaining Nuclear Safety
English, 36 pages, published: 10/15/02
NEA#3672, ISBN: 92-64-18493-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3672-improving.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Améliorer ou maintenir le niveau de sûreté nucléaire 
The concept of improving nuclear safety versus maintaining it has been discussed at a number of nuclear regulators meetings in recent years. National reports have indicated that there are philosophical differences between NEA member countries about whether their regulatory approaches require licensees to continuously improve nuclear safety or to continuously maintain it. It has been concluded that, while the actual level of safety achieved in all member countries is probably much the same, this is difficult to prove in a quantitative way. In practice, all regulatory approaches require improvements to be made to correct deficiencies and when otherwise warranted.

Based on contributions from members of the NEA Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA), this publication provides an overview of current nuclear regulatory philosophies and approaches, as well as insights into a selection of public perception issues. This publication's intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, but government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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Innovative Nuclear Reactor Development
Opportunities for International Co-operation
English, 96 pages, published: 08/13/02
NEA#3969
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2002/nea3969.html
A number of countries wish to keep open the option of expanding their use of nuclear power in the future. What new technologies will they have to choose from? How will these technologies overcome the many challenges - among them safety, economics, waste disposal and nonproliferation - facing nuclear power today? Can collaboration in developing new technologies reduce the time and cost required to make them available to the market?

This book begins to answer these questions. It is a valuable guide for those wishing to understand the innovations characterising the new nuclear-fission technologies that are on their way, and for those involved in research and development who seek information on fruitful areas for collaboration.
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Delayed Neutron Data for the Major Actinides (Volume 6)
English, 132 pages, published: 10/11/02
NEA#3209
Volume of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume6/volume6.pdf
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NEA News Vol. 20.1
English, 36 pages, published: 06/21/02
NEA#3648, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2002/20-1-complete.pdf
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NEA News Vol. 20.2
English, 40 pages, published: 12/31/02
NEA#3650, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2002/20-2-complete.pdf
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Nuclear Energy Data 2002
Bilingual, 85 pages, published: 09/13/02
NEA#3592, ISBN: 92-64-09899-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2002/3592-BB-2002.pdf
This new edition of Nuclear Energy Data, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of essential statistics on nuclear energy in OECD countries, offers additional textual and graphical information as compared with previous editions. It provides the reader with a comprehensive but easy-to-access overview on the status of and trends in the nuclear power and fuel cycle sector. This publication is an authoritative information source of interest to policy makers, experts and academics invovled in the nuclear energy field.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire, publiées annuellement par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, présentent des statistiques de base sur le nucléaire dans l'OCDE, ainsi que des informations graphiques et textuelles nouvelles par rapport aux éditions précédentes. Cet ouvrage offre un aperçu complet et facile à consulter de la situation et des tendances dans le secteur électronucléaire, y compris le cycle du combustible. Il constitute une source de données de référence qui intéressera les décideurs, les experts et les chercheurs dans le domaine de l'énergie nucléaire.
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Nuclear Energy and the Kyoto Protocol
English, 52 pages, published: 07/26/02
NEA#3808, ISBN: 92-64-18486-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2002/nea3808.html

Other language(s):
- Français: L'énergie nucléaire et le Protocole de Kyoto 
The implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the application of its "flexible mechanisms" are at the forefront of energy policy debates in most OECD countries. The potential role of nuclear energy in this context is viewed very differently and assessed against various criteria by the range of stakeholders in governments and civil society according to their interests and priorities.

This book provides key facts concerning nuclear energy and the Kyoto Protocol. It highlights the challenges and opportunities for the future development of nuclear energy in the context of implementing the Kyoto Protocol, and more broadly in alleviating the risks of global climate change.

The report will be of interest to energy policy makers and senior experts in the field as well as to members of civil society eager to better understand the issues raised within the debate on the role of nuclear energy in sustainable development. It will assist in making the necessary trade-offs involved in addressing global climate change concerns.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 69 (June 2002)
English, 120 pages, published: 06/24/02
NEA#3652, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb69.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no. 69 (juin 2002) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, bilateral and international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 70 (December 2002)
English, 86 pages, published: 12/31/02
NEA#3656, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb70.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no. 70 (décembre 2002) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, bilateral and international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study - Update 2001
Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
English, 180 pages, published: 03/25/02
NEA#3028, ISBN: 92-64-19743-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/
Please note that this publication is no longer available. For the most recent information on nuclear legislation in OECD member countries, please visit the NEA website at www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation.

This is the first update of the 1999 Edition of the Analytical Study on Nuclear Legislation in OECD Member countries, prepared in co-operation with the competent authorities in the countries listed herein. As with the 1999 Edition, it is organised on the basis of a standardised format for all countries, thus facilitating the search for and comparison of information.

The 2001 Update consists of replacement chapters for Australia, Canada, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Norway and Spain. In addition, there is a completely new chapter for the Slovak Republic, which became a member of the OECD on 14 December 2000, and which was not previously covered by this publication. An information note is also provided on Poland, pending revision of this chapter upon adoption of legislation to implement the new Polish Atomic Law.

This update is based on information which was made available to the NEA Secretariat by the time of its publication. Neither the NEA Secretariat nor the national authorities of the countries concerned assume any liability for it.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2001
Eleventh Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2001
English, 104 pages, published: 10/17/02
NEA#3687, ISBN: 92-64-18492-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3687-isoe-ar11.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 452 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Eleventh Annual Report of the ISOE programme summarises achievements made during 2001 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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PENELOPE 2001 - A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport
Workshop Proceedings, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 5-7 November 2001
English, 250 pages, published: 01/11/02
NEA#3388, ISBN: 92-64-18475-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbcps/PDF-Library/penelope-2001.pdf
Radiation is used in many applications of modern technology. Its proper handling requires competent knowledge of the basic physical laws governing its interaction with matter. To ensure its safe use, appropriate tools for predicting radiation fields and doses, as well as pertinent regulations, are required.

One area of radiation physics that has received much attention concerns electron-photon transport in matter. PENELOPE is a modern, general-purpose Monte Carlo tool for simulating the transport of electrons and photons, which is applicable for arbitrary materials and in a wide energy range. PENELOPE provides quantitative guidance for many practical situations and techniques, including electron and x-ray spectroscopies, electron microscopy and microanalysis, biophysics, dosimetry, medical diagnostics and radiotherapy, and radiation damage and shielding.

These proceedings contain the teaching notes of a recent workshop/training course on PENELOPE, with a detailed description of the physics, numerical algorithms and structure of the code system.
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Physics of Plutonium Recycling
Multiple Pu Recycling in Advanced PWRs - Volume VI
English, 162 pages, published: 10/23/02
NEA#3037, ISBN: 92-64-19957-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2002/3037-physics-plutonium-recycling vol.6.pdf
Although the recycling of plutonium as thermal mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel in pressurised water reactors (PWRs) is now well-established on a commercial scale, many physics questions remain. The main question addressed in this report is the number of times plutonium can effectively be recycled in a PWR.

This report describes in particular an exercise based on realistic, multiple-recycle scenario, which followed plutonium through five generations of recycling in a PWR. It considered both a standard PWR design currently in use and a highly moderated design. The latter is a possible option for a dedicated, MOX-fuelled PWR in which it would be possible to optimise the moderation for plutonium. The study of these two designs in parallel has provided a better understanding of their relative merits, as well as insight into the limitations of multiple recycling and the long-term toxicity of fission products and actinides.
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Pressurised Water Reactor Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) Benchmark
Volume III: Results of Phase 2 on 3-D Core Boundary Conditions Modelling
English, 172 pages, published: 11/22/02
NEA#3117, ISBN: 92-64-18495-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2002/nsc-doc2002-12.pdf
This benchmark is based on a well-defined problem concerning a pressurised water reactor (PWR) main steam line break, which may occur as a consequence of the rupture of one steam line upstream of the main steam isolation valves. This event is characterised by significant space-time effects in the core caused by asymmetric cooling and an assumed stuck-out control rod during reactor trip. It is based on reference design and data from the Three Mile Island Unit 1 Nuclear Power Plant (TMI-1). It includes a description of the event sequence with set points of all activated system functions and typical plant conditions during the transient.

This report summarises the results contributed by international participants concerning Phase II of the exercise: a coupled 3-D neutronics/core thermal-hydraulics response evaluation using inlet and outlet core transient boundary conditions.
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Radiological Protection of the Environment: The Path Forward to a New Policy?
Workshop Proceedings, Taormina, Sicily, Italy, 12-14 February 2002
English, 248 pages, published: 01/07/03
NEA#3629, ISBN: 92-64-09969-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3629-rp-path-forward-new-policy.pdf
The international system of radiological protection is currently being revised with the aim of making it more coherent and concise. During the revision process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment in addition to that of human beings.

In order to support the ongoing discussions of the international community of radiological protection experts, these proceedings try to answer the questions: Is there an international rationale behind the wish to protect the environment from radiation? Do we have enough scientific information to develop and define a broadly accepted policy? What are the characteristics of the process for developing a system or radiological protection of the environment?

These proceedings comprise the views of a broad range of invited speakers, including policy makers, regulators, radiological protection and environmental protection professionals, industry, social scientists and representatives of both non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations.
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Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media
Workshop Proceedings, Oskarshamn, Sweden, 7-9 May 2001
English, 272 pages, published: 02/14/02
NEA#3061, ISBN: 92-64-19695-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea3061-radionuclide.pdf
GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.

Retention of radionuclides within the geosphere for prolonged periods is an important safety function of deep geologic disposal concepts for radioactive waste. The extent to which retention processes can be relied upon in repository performance assessment depends upon the existence of well-established theoretical bases for the processes. It also depends on support for the operation of specific retention processes, and models for their quantitative evaluation, from a wide range of laboratory and field experiments and observations from nature. The fifth GEOTRAP workshop, "Geological Evidence and Theoretical Bases for Radionuclide-retention Processes in Heterogeneous Media" held in May 2001, looked at radionuclide-retention processes and their consideration and representation in performance assessments. Current approaches to characterising and modelling retention processes, and suggestions for future improvements, were presented and discussed.

In addition to the material presented during the workshop, this publication includes a technical synthesis reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.
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Society and Nuclear Energy: Towards a Better Understanding
English, 128 pages, published: 11/15/02
NEA#3677, ISBN: 92-64-18494-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2002/nea3677.html

Other language(s):
- Korean: Society and Nuclear Energy: Towards a Better Understanding (Korean Version) 
- Français: Société et énergie nucléaire : vers une meilleure compréhension 
While signs of a possible nuclear energy renaissance are visible worldwide, it is highly important to understand better the views of civil society on nuclear technologies, how their risks are perceived, and how to establish effective communication between all stakeholders aiming at enhancing consensus building prior to decision making.

This report is based upon an in-depth analysis of research work and published literature on risk perception and communication, public participation in policy and decision making and the evolution of public opinion on nuclear energy. It will be of interest to policy makers, governmental agencies and industry. Additionally, members of civil society and various stakeholders eager to learn more about social issues related to the development of nuclear energy will find relevant information in this report.
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Speciation, Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchroton Light Sources
Workshop Proceedings, Grenoble, France, 10-12 September 2000
English, 380 pages, published: 06/20/02
NEA#3054, ISBN: 92-64-18485-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea3054.html
This NEA Workshop and Euroconference was the second in a series devoted to the application of synchrotron-based techniques to radionuclide and actinide sciences. The unique properties of synchrotron radiation allow one to obtain information about the molecular structure of radionuclides and actinide species, which is essential for understanding and predicting the behaviour of these hazardous elements in the environment. Application areas include risk assessment of nuclear waste storage, remediation of contaminated sites, and development of effective separation technologies, as well as radiopharmaceutical chemistry.

These proceedings contain the abstracts and some of the full papers presented at the meeting. In addition to presenting the latest experimental and theoretical results, the meeting was aimed at providing opportunities for learning and scientific discussions between experts in the field and young scientists.
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Stepwise Decision Making in Finland for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Workshop Proceedings, Turku, Finland, 15-16 November 2001
English, 152 pages, published: 09/20/02
NEA#3616, ISBN: 92-64-19941-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2002/3616-stepwise-decision-making.pdf
On 18 May 2001, the Finnish Parliament ratified the Decision in Principle (DiP) on the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto, in the municipality of Eurajoki. This followed positive decisions taken earlier by the Municipal Council and the Government. How did these political and societal decisions come about?

An NEA workshop held in November 2001 provided the opportunity to present the history leading up to the DiP and to examine future perspectives with an emphasis on stakeholder involvement. The workshop was highly interactive and focused on three main topics: the stepwise decision-making process, stakeholder involvement and confidence building. All relevant stakeholder voices were heard and their viewpoints debated. An account of the individual presentations and the discussions that took place are provided in these proceedings.
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The Decommissioning and Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities
Status, Approaches, Challenges
English, 52 pages, published: 09/13/02
NEA#3714, ISBN: 92-64-18488-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/3714-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Dissattivazione e Smantellamento degli Impianti Nucleari 
This report, intended for a broad readership, provides a concise overview of the decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities and associated issues in NEA Member countries. It draws upon a database of fact sheets produced to a standard format by individual Member countries that is accessible online from the NEA website.
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The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety of Deep Geological Disposal
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France,16-18 April 2002
English, 216 pages, published: 11/21/02
NEA#3614, ISBN: 92-64-09911-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2002/3614-handling-timescales.pdf
A workshop entitled the "Handling of timescales in assessing post-closure safety" of deep geological repositories for radioactive waste was organised in Paris on 16-18 April 2002 and hosted by the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). The main objective of the workshop was to identify and discuss approaches related to, and work done on, the timescales issue within national radioactive waste management programmes in the context of assessing post-closure safety. The timescales in question depend upon the half-lives and levels of activity of the radionuclides considered for disposal.

These proceedings include the presentations made at the workshop as well as a summary of the discussions held. They will be of interest to radioactive waste repository managers and engineers.
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The Nuclear Regulatory Challenge of Judging Safety Backfits
English, 24 pages, published: 06/14/02
NEA#3674, ISBN: 92-64-18484-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3674-backfits.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Juger les mises en conformité en matière de sûreté : un défi au plan réglementaire 
The economic pressures of electricity market competition have led nuclear power plant operators to seek ways to increase electricity production and to reduce operating costs at their plants. Corresponding pressures on the regulatory bodies include operator demande to reduce regulatory burdens perceived as unnecessary and general resistance to consider safety backfits sought by the regulator.

The purpose of this report is to describe potential situations giving rise to safety backfit questions and to discuss regulatory approaches for judging the backfits.

The intented audience for this report is primarily nuclear regulators, although the information and ideas may also be of interest to nuclear operating organisations, other industry organisations and the general public.
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The Use of Thermodynamic Databases in Performance Assessment
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 29-30 May 2001
English, 216 pages, published: 08/29/02
NEA#3055, ISBN: 92-64-19846-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2002/3055-use-thermodynamic-databases.pdf
Performance assessment of repository concepts for the geological disposal of long-lived radioactive waste relies on the availability of thermodynamic data for many radionuclides and other elements under a wide range of physico-chemical conditions. For the past ten years, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has been co-ordinating a multinational effort to produce a database of selected thermochemical values that would satisfy the requirements of the various national programmes in Member countries. This project is known as the NEA thermochemical Database (TDB) Project.

This publication contains the full papers and summary discussion records of a workshop attended by scientists active in the field of chemical thermodynamics and experts in repository performance assessment who use the thermochemical databases for their evaluations. During the workshop, participants discussed current experimental and theoretical standpoints, new data requirements and the peculiarities of their application in performance assessment.
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The Way Forward in Radiological Protection
An Expert Group Report
English, 48 pages, published: 09/12/02
NEA#3685, ISBN: 92-64-18489-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3685-way-forward.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers un nouveau système de protection radiologique 
Virtually all national and international radiation protection regulations and standards are based on the recommendations published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). New recommendations, to replace those issued in 1990, are in the process of being developed for issuance in 2005, and it is in the interest of all NEA Member countries to ensure that these recommendations meet the needs of national regulatory organisations and practitioners. Since revisions began at the ICRP in 1999, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been leading discussions regarding what, in the old recommendations, could be improved or changed to make any new recommendations more functional. Based on a preliminary two-year study to identify those areas that should be improved, this report suggests specific improvements that would render the new system easier to understand and apply, and that should be considered for inclusion in the new ICRP recommendations.
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Trends in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Economic, Environmental and Social Aspects
English, 160 pages, published: 01/01/02
NEA#3030, ISBN: 92-64-19664-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2002/3030-trends-nuclear-fuel-cycle.pdf
The role of nuclear energy in a sustainable development context has multiple facets, a significant number of which relate to the nuclear fuel cycle. This report provides a description of the developments and trends in the nuclear fuel cycle that may improve the competitiveness and sustainability of nuclear generating systems over the medium and long term. It also presents criteria and indicators for future nuclear energy systems.

Prepared by experts from the nuclear industry, government agencies and research organisations, this report will be of interest to those involved in nuclear energy policy and decision making.
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Uranium 2001: Resources, Production and Demand
Joint NEA/IAEA Report
English, 340 pages, published: 08/09/02
NEA#3593, ISBN: 92-64-19823-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2002/3593-Uranium-2001.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 2001 : Ressources, production et demande 
The "Red Book", jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is a recognised world reference on uranium. Its contents are based on official information received from 45 countries, supplemented by unofficial information for two others.

This edition, the 19th, presents the results of a thorough review of world uranium supply and demand as of 1 January 2001 and provides a statistical profile of the world uranium industry in the areas of exploration, resource estimates, production and reactor-related requirements. It provides substantial new information from all major uranium production centres in Africa, Australia, Eastern Europe and North America and, for the first time, includes a report on Tajikistan. This edition also features international expert analyses and projections of nuclear generating capacity and reactor-related uranium requirements through 2020.
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VVER-1000 Coolant Transient Benchmark (Vol. I)
PHASE 1 (V1000CT-1), Vol. I: Main Coolant Pump (MCP) Switching On - Final Specifications
English, 172 pages, published: 12/31/02
NEA#4128, ISBN: 92-64-18496-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2002/nsc-doc2002-6.pdf
In the field of coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics computation there is a need to enhance scientific knowledge in order to develop advanced modelling techniques for new nuclear technologies and concepts, as well as current applications.

Recently developed best-estimate computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear reactor cores and for the coupling of core phenomena and system dynamics need to be compared against each other and validated against results from experiments. International benchmark studies have been set up for this purpose.

The present volume describes the specification of such a benchmark. The transient addressed is caused by the switching on of a main coolant pump when the other three are in operation. It is based on an experiment that was conducted by Bulgarian and Russian engineers during the plant-commissioning phase at the VVER-1000 Kozloduy Unit 6.

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2000 NEA Annual Report
English, 40 pages, published: 06/28/01
NEA#3110, ISBN: 92-64-18467-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar2000/AR2000.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: 2000 AEN Rapport annuel 
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Sixth International Information Exchange Meeting, Madrid, Spain, 11-13 December 2000
English, 128 pages, published: 06/19/01
NEA#3108, ISBN: 92-64-18466-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/docs/2001/nea3108-actinide.pdf
The objective of the OECD/NEA Information Exchange Programme on Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T), established in 1989, is to enhance the value of basic research in this area by facilitating the exchange of information and discussions of programmes, experimental procedures and results. The Information Exchange Meetings form an integral part of the Programme and are intended to provide a biennial review of the state of the art in P&T.

This book and its enclosed CD-ROM contain the proceedings of the 6th Information Exchange Meeting held in Madrid (Spain) on 11-13 December 2000. Recent developments and achievements and the new challenges in P&T are reported in four overview papers. Details are provided in the 79 papers that were presented during the meeting. The conclusions highlight some of the main aspects to take into consideration when planning future research and development on P&T.
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Assuring Future Nuclear Safety Competencies
Specific Actions
English, 68 pages, published: 04/24/01
NEA#3146, ISBN: 92-64-18462-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3146-competencies.pdf
In many countries, retiring nuclear safety experts are not being replaced by younger counterparts. This risks creating a shortfall in the number of experts available to ensure the effective regulation of the nuclear power industry. It could also result in the loss of much of the present nuclear safety knowledge base. This report discusses specific ways to maintain future nuclear safety competencies in nuclear regulatory authorities and the nuclear industry.
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Boiling Water Reactor Turbine Trip (TT) Benchmark
Volume I: Specifications
English, 96 pages, published: 07/20/01
NEA#3115, ISBN: 92-64-18470-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2001/nsc-doc2001-1.pdf
In the field of coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics computation there is a need to enhance scientific knowledge in order to develop advanced modelling techniques for new nuclear technologies and concepts, as well as for current nuclear applications.

Recently developed "best-estimate" computer code systems for modelling 3-D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics transients in nuclear cores and for the coupling of core phenomena and system dynamics (PWR, BWR, VVER) need to be compared against each other and validated against results from experiments. International benchmark studies have been set up for the purpose.

The present volume describes the specification of such a benchmark. The transient addressed is a turbine trip (TT) in a BWR involving pressurisation events in which the coupling between core phenomena and system dynamics plays an important role. In addition, the data made available from experiments carried out at the plant make the present benchmark very valuable. The data used are from events at the Peach Bottom 2 reactor (a GE-designed BWR/4).
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Chemical Thermodynamics of Neptunium and Plutonium (Volume 4)
Published by Elsevier
English, published: 06/06/01
NEA#3114
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/pubs/vol4-neptunium-plutonium.pdf
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Collective Statement on Major Nuclear Safety Research Facilities and Programmes at Risk
Joint OECD Projects and Centres of Excellence
Bilingual, 16 pages, published: 12/11/01
NEA#3528, ISBN: 92-64-08476-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3528-statement.pdf
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Collective Statement on the Role of Research in a Nuclear Regulatory Context
Bilingual, 16 pages, published: 10/12/01
NEA#3288
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea-3288-statement.pdf
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Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Assessment
Workshop Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA, 14-17 June 1999
English, 312 pages, published: 02/13/01
NEA#2968, ISBN: 92-64-18620-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea2968-confidence-models-radionuclide-transport.pdf
GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.

Performance assessment of proposed waste disposal sites requires models of radionuclide transport through the geosphere. To be used in repository planning and development, these models must have the confidence of both national waste management programmes and the wider scientific community. The fourth GEOTRAP workshop , "Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Performance Assessment" held in June 1999, addressed the issue of technical confidence building and provided an overview of current developments in this field. Proposed approaches to confidence building and approaches that have already proven successful were presented and discussed.

In addition to the material presented during the workshop, this publication includes a technical synthesis reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.
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Evaluation of Speciation Technology
Workshop Proceedings, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, Japan, 26-28 October 1999
English, 436 pages, published: 05/09/01
NEA#3168, ISBN: 92-64-18667-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2001/3168-evaluation-speciation.pdf
It has been widely recognised among researchers that speciation data are essential for proper and reliable modelling of radionuclide behaviour, which is studied inter alia in the context of radioactive waste management. Participants at the OECD/NEA workshop on "Evaluation of Speciation Technology" reviewed the various techniques used to identify different species of actinide and fission product elements present in nuclear waste and nuclear reprocessing streams. The review takes into account the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the various methods in relation to their field of application. Recommendations for future R&D are also provided. These proceedings will primarily be of interest to chemists specialised in separation techniques and radioactive waste management experts.
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Experience from International Nuclear Emergency Exercises
The INEX 2 Series
English, 42 pages, published: 04/27/01
NEA#3138, ISBN: 92-64-18464-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3138-inex2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: Enseignements des exercices internationaux d'urgence nucleaire 
In case of a nuclear emergency, countries need to be well prepared to manage a crisis situation. In order to help countries improve their emergency planning, preparedness and management, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised a series of international nuclear emergency exercises called INEX 2.

This report summarises the lessons learned from all four exercises in the series, which took place in Switzerland (1996), Finland (1997), Hungary (1998) and Canada (1999), in the areas of:

- decision making based on limited information and on uncertain plant conditions;
- real-time exchange of information;
- public and media communications; and
- preparation and conduct of emergency exercises on an international level.

The report will be of interest to both policy makers and technical managers in the nuclear emergency field.
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Forsmark 1 & 2 Boiling Water Reactor Stability Benchmark
Time Series Analysis Methods for Oscillations During BWR Operation: Final Report
English, 150 pages, published: 06/20/01
NEA#3116, ISBN: 92-64-18469-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea3116-forsmark.pdf
Events involving unnoticed power oscillations have occurred at different boiling water reactors (BWRs) in the past, and have led to the implementation of interim corrective actions to avoid their repetition. Despite these measures, power oscillations continue to occur. In response to this situation, a great deal of research and analytical activities have been undertaken to improve the knowledge of the underlying phenomenology, and to define final solutions to handle this type of event.

An OECD/NEA expert group has carried out studies in which the predictive capability of the codes and models for stability analysis are compared. This report provides the results of a specific study investigating the possibility of determining the main stability parameters from the neutronic signals time series with sufficient reliability and accuracy. It is based on a series of six complex cases derived from measurements carried out at the Forsmark nuclear power plant in Sweden.
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Gas Generation and Migration in Radioactive Waste Disposal
Safety-relevant Issues Workshop Proceedings, Reims, France, 26-28 June 2000
English, 190 pages, published: 04/20/01
NEA#3060, ISBN: 92-64-18672-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea3060-gas-generation-migration-disposal.pdf
In underground repositories for radioactive waste, significant quantities of gases may be generated as a result of several processes. The potential impact of gas generation, accumulation and migration on the performances of the various barriers and, ultimately, on the long-term safety of a repository, should therefore be assessed in the development of safety cases for underground repositories.

It was in this context that the EC and the NEA organised a workshop on "Gas Generation, Accumulation and Migration in Underground Repository Systems for Radioactive Waste: Safety-relevant Issues" in Reims, France on 26-28 June 2000. This book includes the texts of the invited presentations, the reports of the deliberations held in the five working groups, as well as the main conclusions of the workshop.
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Improving Nuclear Regulatory Effectiveness
English, 48 pages, published: 05/03/01
NEA#3148, ISBN: 92-64-18465-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3148-effectiveness.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: Améliorer l'efficacité des autorités de sûreté nucléaire 
Ensuring that nuclear installations are operated and maintained in such a way that their impact on public health and safety is as low as reasonably practicable has been and will continue to be the cornerstone of nuclear regulation. In the past, nuclear incidents provided the main impetus for regulatory change. Today, economic factors, deregulation, technological advancements, government oversight and the general requirements for openness and accountability are leading regulatory bodies to review their effectiveness. In addition, seeking to enhance the present level of nuclear safety by continuously improving the effectiveness of regulatory bodies is seen as one of the ways to strengthen public confidence in the regulatory systems.

This report covers the basic concepts underlying nuclear regulatory effectiveness, advances being made and future requirements. The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, but government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Evaluation Method of Inelastic Scattering Cross-sections for Weakly Absorbing Fission-product Nuclides (Volume 10)
English, 100 pages, published: 09/21/01
NEA#3119
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume10/volume10.pdf
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International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments
A Project by the NEA Nuclear Science Committee
English, published: 10/19/01
NEA#3328
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpncs/icsbep/
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Investing in Trust: Nuclear Regulators and the Public
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 29 November-1st December 2000
English, 324 pages, published: 05/16/01
NEA#3062, ISBN: 92-64-19314-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2001/3062-investing-in-trust.pdf
Good governance and efficiency in decision making by governmental authorities are increasingly dependent upon mutual trust and confidence between those authorities and the public. This workshop provided an opportunity to exchange information and views on how national nuclear regulatory organisations can improve their interface with the public.
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JANIS - A Java-based Nuclear Data Display Program
English, published: 10/04/01
NEA#3268
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/
JANIS (Java-based nuclear information software) is a display program designed to facilitate the visualisation and manipulation of nuclear data. Its objective is to allow the user of nuclear data to access numerical values and graphical representations without prior knowledge of the storage format. It offers maximum flexibility for the comparison of different nuclear data sets.
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JANIS Leaflet
English, published: 09/07/01
NEA#3488
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/janis/
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Management of Depleted Uranium
English, 68 pages, published: 08/22/01
NEA#3035, ISBN: 92-64-19525-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2001/3035-management-depleted-uranium.pdf
Large stocks of depleted uranium have arisen as a result of enrichment operations, especially in the United States and the Russian Federation. Countries with depleted uranium stocks are interested in assessing strategies for the use and management of depleted uranium. The choice of strategu depends on several factors, including government and business policy, alternative uses available, the economic value of the material, regulatory aspects and disposal options, and international market developments in the nuclear fuel cycle.

This report presents the results of a depleted uranium study conducted by an expert group organised jointly by the OECd Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency. It contains information on current inventories of depleted uranium, potential future arisings, long-term management alternatives, peaceful use options and country programmes. In addition, it explores ideas for international collaboration and identifies key issues for governments and policy makers to consider.
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NEA News Vol. 19.2
English, 40 pages, published: 11/14/01
NEA#3088, ISBN: 92-64-19108-9, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2001/19-2-complete.pdf
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NEA News Vol.19.1
English, 44 pages, published: 05/10/01
NEA#3068, ISBN: 92-64-19107-0, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2001/news-vol.19-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 19.1 
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Nuclear Energy Data 2001
Bilingual, 50 pages, published: 05/30/01
NEA#3032, ISBN: 92-64-08707-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2001/3032-BB-2001.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of basic statistics on electricity generation and nuclear power in OECD countries. The reader will have quick and easy reference to the status of and projected trends in total electricity generating capacity, nuclear generating capacity, and actual electricity production, as well as to supply and demand for nuclear fuel cycle services.


Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire rassemblent chaque année toutes les statistiques de base compilées par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire sur la production d'électricité et d'énergie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE. Le lecteur trouvera dans cette publication une source de référence d'accès facile et pratique sur la situation actuelle et les tendances de la puissance totale installée d'électricité, de la puissance nucléaire installée et de la production d'électricité. Des informations chiffrées sur l'offre et la demande de services liés au cycle du combustible nucléaire sont également présentées.
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Nuclear Fuel Safety Criteria Technical Review
English, 68 pages, published: 12/05/01
NEA#3349, ISBN: 92-64-19687-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2001/3349-safety-criteria-technical-review.pdf
Nuclear reactor safety is primarily concerned with the prevention of radiation-related damage to the public from the operation of commercial nuclear reactors; safety limits are introduced to avoid fuel failures during normal operation, or to mitigate the consequences of reactor accidents in which substantial damage is done to the reactor core.

In this report, brief descriptions of 20 fuel-related safety criteria are presented along with both the rationale for having such criteria and possible new design and operational issues which could have an effect on them. No attempt was made to categorise the criteria according to event type or risk significance.

This report will be of particular interest to nuclear engineers working in the area of fuel safety and to all those interested in general aspects of nuclear safety.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 67 (June 2001)
English, 82 pages, published: 07/18/01
NEA#3090, ISBN: 92-64-19109-7, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb67.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no.67 (Juin 2001) 
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 68 (December 2001)
English, 100 pages, published: 12/19/01
NEA#3094, ISBN: 92-64-19110-0, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb68.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no.68 (décembre 2001) 
Considered to be the standard reference work for both professionals and academics in the field of nuclear law, the Nuclear Law Bulletin is a unique international publication providing its subscribers with up-to-date information on all major developments falling within the domain of nuclear law. Published twice a year in both English and French, it covers legislative developments in almost 60 countries around the world as well as reporting on relevant jurisprudence and administrative decisions, bilateral and international agreements and regulatory activities of international organisations.
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Nuclear Production of Hydrogen
First Information Exchange Meeting, Paris, France, 2-3 October 2000
English, 244 pages, published: 06/05/01
NEA#3188, ISBN: 92-64-18696-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2001/3188-production-hydrogen.pdf
Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy source in the 21st century. However, hydrogen does not exist as a gas on earth and thus has to be produced from, for example, water or natural gas by different separation techniques. One way to do so would be to use nuclear-produced energy or heat in this separation process. The present publication gives an overview of the advancements in the scientific and technological fields related to the nuclear production of hydrogen.
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Nuclear Regulatory Challenges Arising from Competition in Electricity Markets
Bilingual, 34 pages, published: 02/12/01
NEA#2948, ISBN: 92-64-08460-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea2948-comp.pdf
In recent years a world-wide trend has been developing to introduce competition in electricity markets. As market competition unfolds, it produces a wide range of safety challenges for nuclear power plant operators and regulators.

Nuclear regulators must be aware of the potential safety challenges produced and consider whether new regulatory response strategies are warranted. This report describes many of these challenges, their implications and possible regulatory response strategies.

The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, although government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.



On assiste depuis quelques années au développement de la concurrence dans les marchés de l'électricité à l'échelle mondiale. Au fur et à mesure que cette concurrence se développe, elle entraîne une grande variété de défis de sûreté pour les exploitants de centrales nucléaires et les autorités réglementaires.

Les autorités de sûreté doivent être conscientes des défis de sûreté potentiels et examiner le besoin éventuel de nouvelles stratégies de réponse réglementaire. Ce rapport décrit plusieurs de ces défis, leurs implications et les stratégies de réponse réglementaire éventuelle.

Le public vise est avant tout les autorités de sûreté nucléaire, mais les autorités gouvernementales, les exploitants de centrales nucléaires et le grand public pourront également être interessés.
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Nuclear Safety Research in OECD Countries
Summary Report of Major Facilities and Programmes at Risk
English, 60 pages, published: 04/20/01
NEA#3144, ISBN: 92-64-18463-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3144-research.pdf
Major nuclear safety research facilities and programmes are facing increasing budgetary constraints, and in many cases are being closed or terminated. This report identifies major facilities of vital interest to the international nuclear safety community and makes recommendations for their continued operation in an international framework, either as joint projects or centres of excellence.
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Nuclear Safety Research in OECD Countries
Major Facilities and Programmes at Risk
English, 158 pages, published: 05/23/01
NEA#3145, ISBN: 92-64-18468-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea3145-safetyresearch.pdf
Major nuclear safety research facilities and programmes are facing increasing budgetary constraints, and in many cases are being closed or terminated. This report identifies major facilities of vital interest to the international nuclear safety community and makes recommendations for their continued operation in an international framework, either as joint projects or centres of excellence.
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Nuclear Waste Bulletin
Update on Waste Management Policies and Programmes, No. 14 - 2000 Edition
English, 136 pages, published: 02/27/01
NEA#3008, ISBN: 92-64-18461-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin14.pdf
The NEA Nuclear Waste Bulletin is prepared by the Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management Division of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in order to provide a means of communicaton amongst the various technical and policy groups within the radioactive waste management community. It delivers concise information on current activities, policies and programmes in 18 NEA Member countries and 3 international organisations. It also provides biennial updates of progress in the development of technologies for the management and disposal of radioactive waste.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Tenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2000
English, 104 pages, published: 10/26/01
NEA#3137, ISBN: 92-64-18473-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3137-isoe.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 452 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Tenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2000 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Policy Issues in Radiological Protection Decision Making
Summary Report of the 2nd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, January 2001
English, 28 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3308, ISBN: 92-64-18474-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3308-policy.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La prise de décision en radioprotection : domaines d'action des pouvoirs publics 
The society aspects of risk governance are increasingly becoming a part of public decision-making processes. This tendency is particularly evident in matters dealing with the protection of human health and the environment. The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) organised a workshop to probe stakeholder involvement processes and their limitations in the field of radiation protection. An example of an area in which stakeholder involvement is particularly important is the clean-up of sites contaminated by accidents or by past industrial or research activities.

Based on discussions during the workshop and previous CRPPH work in this area, this summary addresses the policy development and implementation issues that are key to identifying broadly accepted solutions for radiological protection situations in which stakeholders are an important part of the decision-making process. Applicable in a wide variety of national contexts, enhanced understanding of these policy issues will assist governments and regulatory authorities in better integrating stakeholder concerns in decision making.
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Pyrochemical Separations
Workshop Proceedings, Avignon, France, 14-16 March 2000
English, 332 pages, published: 02/14/01
NEA#2988, ISBN: 92-64-18443-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2001/2988-pyrochemical-separations.pdf
The industrial treatment of spent nuclear fuel is presently performed using different wet chemical processess. Alternative dry processes, using pyrochemical methods, have received some attention due to their potential advantages in terms of plant design and criticality safety, as well as radiation dose.

Recent progress in the transmutation of long-lived fission products and minor actinides has brought renewed interest in pyrochemical methods, as effective transmutation will be based on multi-recycling of the fuel with very high burn-up and short cooling times, conditions under which pyrochemical methods offer various advantages over wet processes.

Studies of pyrochemical processes have so far been carried out at laboratory level. Considerable R&D work is still required in order to upgrade these processes to the current level of industrial aqueous processing.
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Reversibility and Retrievability in Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste
Reflections at the International Level
English, 52 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3140, ISBN: 92-64-18471-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea3140.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La réversibilité et la récupérabilité dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs 
Reversibility of decisions is an important consideration in the step-wise decision-making process that is foreseen for engineered geologic disposal of radioactive waste. The implications of favouring retrievability of the waste within disposal strategies and the methods to implement it are also being considered by NEA Member countries.

This report reviews the concepts of reversibility and retrievability as they may apply to the planning and development of engineered geologic repositories. The concepts span technical, policy and ethical issues, and it is important that a broad understanding is developed of their value and implications. Furthermore, improved comprehension and communication of these issues will clarify the value of flexible, step-wise decision making in repository development programmes and may help to generate a climate conducive to the further progress of such programmes.
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Scenario Development Methods and Practices
An Evaluation Based on the NEA Workshop on Scenario Development, Madrid, Spain, May 1999
English, 244 pages, published: 07/25/01
NEA#3059, ISBN: 92-64-18722-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea3059-scenario-development-methods.pdf

Analysis of the long-term safety of radioactive waste repositories, using performance assessment and other tools, is required prior to implementation.The initial stage in developing a repository safety assessment is the identification of all factors that may be relevant to the long-term safety of the repository and their combination to form scenarios. This must be done in a systematic and transparent way in order to assure the regulatory authorities that nothing important has been forgotten.

This report is a review of developments in scenario methodologies based on a large body of practical experience in safety assessments. It will be of interest to radioactive waste management experts as well as to other specialists involved in the development of scenario methodologies.
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Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2
Final Report of the Hungarian Regional Exercise
Bilingual, 82 pages, published: 03/15/01
NEA#3039, ISBN: 92-64-08640-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3039-inex2-hungarian-rpt-bilingual.pdf
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) initiated its programme of International Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX) by a table-top exercise (INEX 1) which allowed the 16 participating countries to examine how their response mechanisms addressed the international aspects of a large-scale nuclear emergency.

Based on the experience thus gained, a series of more realistic exercises, INEX 2, was organised by the NEA. These exercises used as a basis a national-level emergency exercise at an existing power plant, and aimed to achieve three international objectives: the real-time exchange of information, public information and decision making based on limited information and uncertain plant conditions.

This report summarises the experience gained and lessons learned during the third INEX 2 regional exercise which took place in Hungary.




L'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a débuté son programme d'exercices internationaux de préparation d'urgence (INEX) par une simulation théorique : INEX 1, qui a permis à 16 pays participants d'évaluer l'efficacité des mécanismes mis en place pour traiter des aspects internationaux d'une urgence nucléaire à grande échelle.

À partir des enseignements recueillis, une série d'exercices plus réalistes - INEX 2 - a été organisée par l'AEN. Ces exercices, qui ont pris comme point de départ une situation d'urgence de dimension nationale dans une centrale nucléaire existante, visaient trois objectifs internationaux : l'échange d'informations en temps réel, l'information du public et la prise de décision d'après des informations limitées et une connaissance incertaine des conditions de la centrale.

Ce rapport résume les résultats obtenus et les enseignements tirés du troisième exercice régional d'INEX 2 qui a eu lieu en Hongrie.
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Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2
Final Report of the Canadian Regional Exercise
Bilingual, 80 pages, published: 09/05/01
NEA#3040, ISBN: 92-64-09532-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3040-inex2-canadian-rpt-bilingual.pdf
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) initiated its programme of International Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX) by a table-top exercise (INEX 1) which allowed the 16 participating countries to examine how their response mechanisms addressed the international aspects of a large-scale nuclear emergency.

Based on the experience thus gained, a series of more realistic exercises, INEX 2, was organised by the NEA. These exercises used as a basis a national-level emergency exercise at an existing power plant, and aimed to achieve three international objectives: the real-time exchange of information, public information and decision making based on limited information and uncertain plant conditions.

This report summarises the experience gained and lessons learned during the fourth and final INEX 2 regional exercise which took place in Canada.


L'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a débuté son programme d'exercices internationaux de préparation d'urgence (INEX) par une simulation théorique : INEX 1, qui a permis à 16 pays participants d'évaluer l'efficacité des mécanismes mis en place pour traiter des aspects internationaux d'une urgence nucléaire à grande échelle.

À partir des enseignements recueillis, une série d'exercices plus réalistes - INEX 2 - a été organisée par l'AEN. Ces exercices, qui ont pris comme point de départ une situation d'urgence de dimension nationale dans une centrale nucléaire existante, visaient trois objectifs internationaux : l'échange d'informations en temps réel, l'information du public et la prise de décision d'après des informations limitées et une connaissance incertaine des conditions de la centrale.

Ce rapport résume les résultats obtenus et les enseignements tirés du quatrième et dernier exercice régional d'INEX 2 qui a eu lieu au Canada.
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Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 5
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 18-21 July 2000
English, 426 pages, published: 05/30/01
NEA#3052, ISBN: 92-64-18691-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2001/3052-SATIF-5.pdf
Over the last 50 years particle accelerators have evolved from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to investigating the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use particle accelerators for material science and medical applications.

In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These workshop proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluating advancements and discussing further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
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The Role of Underground Laboratories in Nuclear Waste Disposal Programmes
English, 48 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3142, ISBN: 92-64-18472-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/3142-underground-labs-waste.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: 放射性廃棄物処分プログラムにおける地下研究施設の役割 
- Francais: La gestion des déchets radioactifs : le rôle des laboratoires souterrains 
- Chinese: 地下实验室在核废物处置计划中的作用 
Underground research laboratories (URLs) are essential to provide the scientific and technical information and practical experience that are needed for the design and construction of nuclear waste disposal facilities, as well as for the development of the safety case that must be presented at various stages of repository development.

This report provides an overview of the purpose of URLs within repository development programmes; the range of URLs that have been developed, or are planned, in NEA Member countries to date; the various contributions that such facilities can make to repository development programmes and the development of a safety case; considerations on the timing of developing a URL within a national programme; and the opportunities and benefits of international co-operation in relation to URLs.
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Using Thermodynamic Sorption Models for Guiding Radioelement Distribution Coefficient (KD) Investigations
A Status Report
English, 192 pages, published: 04/27/01
NEA#3041, ISBN: 92-64-18679-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2001/3041-soprtion-status-report.pdf
A general consensus has been reached among technical experts that high-level radioactive waste can safely be disposed of in deep geological repositories. Safety studies are carried out to evaluate the overall capacity of a particular disposal site to confine waste and minimise radioactive releases. Since the principal way in which radioactive elements might eventually reach the biosphere is by transport of dissolved radionuclides in groundwater, the safety study calculations must be able to estimate their rate of transfer through each of the barriers surrounding the repository.

It is well known that, for many radioelements, sorption reactions can lead to a reduction of the amount of radionuclides present in the solution phase. How best to take radionuclide sorption reactions into account in repository performance assessment models is the subject of this book.
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Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators
Workshop Proceedings, Aix-en-Provence, France, 22-24 November 1999
English, 476 pages, published: 10/25/01
NEA#3051, ISBN: 92-64-18749-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2001/3051-HPPA-France 1999.pdf
High power proton accelerators are being studied for their potential use in the transmutation of nuclear waste. The Second Workshop on Utilisation and Rerliability of High Power Proton Accelerators, organised by the NEA Nuclear Science Committee, placed special emphasis on accelerator-driven system (ADS) concepts comprising a sub-critical reactor coupled with a high power accelerator.

The information provided in these proceedings will primarily be of interest to scientists working on accelerator-driven systems, but also to those involved in the construction of high power accelerators.

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1999 NEA Annual Report
English, 40 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2508, ISBN: 92-64-18504-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar99.pdf
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3-D Radiation Transport Benchmarks for Simple Geometries with Void Regions
English, 38 pages, published: 12/08/00
NEA#2828, ISBN: 92-64-18274-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2000/nsc-doc2000-4.pdf
Industry requires well-validated computation methods and computer codes for its nuclear applications. The predictive power of such tools must be established and users must be confident of their results. Model refinement requires that increasingly sophisticated tools be used. Moreover, the computing power available today no longer justifies a number of geometrical simplifications.

This report describes the results of challenging international benchmarks in three-dimensional radiation transport that contribute to the evaluation and validation of state-of-the-art computation methods and computer codes. It will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and radiation shielding specialists.
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A Critical Review of the System of Radiation Protection
First Reflections of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH)
English, 30 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2628, ISBN: 92-64-18554-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2628-critical.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Analyse critique du système de protection radiologique 
Our modern, information society is increasingly interested in transparency and participation in many aspects of government, and this is particularly true in areas involving public health and environmental protection. Radiaion protection is no exception to this trend.

Scientific rationale that was once sufficient to explain radiation protection theory and practice is no longer adequate. The need to address and communicate theory, practice and the decision-making process to a wider audience has given rise to numerous debates and led the radiation protection community to revisit the framework of the system of radiation protection. The very fundamentals of the system of radiation protection continue to be questioned in a healthy fashion, and many aspects have been identified which could better serve stakeholders given some additional thoughts in the light of modern societal needs.

This report is the summary of the NEA's first reflections in this area, and describes those aspects of the current international system of radiation protection that could be improved. Suggested directions for improvements are provided.

It is hoped that this materail will help guide the international community towards consensus and provide valuable input to the development of new recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
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Assuring Nuclear Safety Competence into the 21st Century
Workshop Proceedings, Budapest, Hungary, 12-14 October 1999
English, 246 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2528, ISBN: 92-64-18517-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/2000/2528-assuring-competence.pdf
Irrespective of current views on the future of nuclear power programmes, concerns are arising with respect to the long-term ability to preserve safety competence because student enrolments in nuclear engineering are decreasing rapidly and experienced staff are reaching retirement age. "Assuring Nuclear Safety Competence into the 21st Century" was discussed in depth by workshop participants. The need for a long-term strategic view was emphasised, and policy recommendations were made. Thes proceedings will be of particular interest to those playing a policy role in the nuclear industry, regulatory bodies and the education sector.
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Basic Studies on High-Temperature Engineering
First Information Exchange Meeting, Paris, France, 27-29 September 1999
English, 401 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2408, ISBN: 92-64-17695-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/hightemp.pdf
In response to increasing interest in high-temperature, gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) and the need for improved knowledge of materials for nuclear applications that resist high temperatures, the NEA organised a first information exchange meeting on basic studies in the field of high-temperature engineering. The proceedings of the meeting cover studies on irradiation effects on advanced materials, safety-related behaviour of HTGRs and in-pile reactor instrumentation development. They also include recommendations for further promotion of international collaboration.
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Benchmark Calculations of Power Distribution Within Fuel Assemblies
Phase II: Comparison of Data Reduction and Power Reconstruction Methods in Production Codes
English, 234 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2751, ISBN: 92-64-18275-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2000/nsc-doc2000-3.pdf
Systems loaded with plutonium in the form of mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel show somewhat different neutronic characteristics compared with those using conventional uranium fuels. In order to maintain adequate safety standards, it is essential to accurately predict the characteristics of MOX-fuelled systems and to further validate both the nuclear data and the computation methods used.

A computation benchmark on power distribution within fuel assemblies to compare different techniques used in production codes for fine flux prediction in systems partially loaded with MOX fuel was carried out at an international level. It addressed first the numerical schemes for pin power reconstruction, then investigated the global performance including cross-section data reduction methods. This report provides the detailed resutls of this second phase of the benchmark. The analysis of the results revealed that basic data still need to be improved, primarily for highter plutonium isotopes and minor actinides.
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Benchmark on the VENUS-2 MOX Core Measurements
English, 192 pages, published: 12/22/00
NEA#2848, ISBN: 92-64-18276-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2000/nsc-doc2000-7.pdf
The plutonium produced during the operation of commercial power plants and made available from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons needs to be properly managed. One important contribution to the management process consists in validating the calculation methods and nuclear data used for the prediction of power in MOX-fuelled systems. A series of theoretical physics benchmarks and multiple recycling issues of various MOX-fuelled systems have been studied by the NEA. This led to many improvements and clarifications in nuclear data libraries and calculation methods. The final validation requires linking those findings to data from experiments. Hence, the first experiment-based benchmark using the two-dimensional VENUS-2 MOX core measurement data was launched in May 1999.

This report provides an analysis of the results supplied by 12 participants from 10 countries. The comparison of the latest nuclear data libraries and of different calculation methods - including stochastic Monte Carlo and deterministic transport/diffusion methods - is presented. The report will be of particular interest to reactor physicists and designers as well as to nuclear power plant utilities.
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Beneficial Uses and Production of Isotopes
2000 Update
English, 78 pages, published: 12/31/00
NEA#2908, ISBN: 92-64-18417-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2000/2908-beneficial-uses.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Usages bénéfiques et production des isotopes 
Isotopes, radioactive and stable, are used worldwide in various applications related to medical diagnosis or care, industry and scientific research. More than fifty countries have isotope production or separation facilities operated for domestic supply, and sometimes for international markets.

This publication provides up-to-date information on the current status of, and trends in, isotope uses and production. It also presents key issues, conclusions and recommendations, which will be of interest to policy makers in governmental bodies, scientists and industrial actors in this field.
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Business as Usual and Nuclear Power
English, 162 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2168, ISBN: 92-64-17175-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2000/2168-business-as-usual.pdf
Energy and nuclear policy makers face many challenges as they evaluate options to ensure an adequate supply of electricity while pursuing environmental, economic and energy security goals. Many analysts suggest that nuclear's share of global energy supply could decrease in coming decades. If energy markets and national energy policies continue along "business as usual" lines, what are the issues that arise? What are the consequences for the long-term availability of nuclear technology and expertise. This book identifies the issues in a series of papers presented at a recent meeting jointly organised by the International Energy Agency and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.

Senior energy policy makers and industry executives from OECD Member countries contributed these analyses. They offer a realistic assessment of nuclear's potential contribution, and the major challenges awaiting nuclear energy and energy supply in general. For those seeking a review of the current issues facing nuclear power within the broad context of energy policy, this is an essential report.
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Calculations of Different Transmutation Concepts
An International Benchmark Exercise
English, 157 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2148, ISBN: 92-64-17638-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2000/nsc-doc2000-6.pdf
In April 1996, the NEA Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) Expert Group on Physics Aspects of Different Transmutation Concepts launched a benchmark exercise to compare different transmutation concepts based on pressurised water reactors (PWRs), fast reactors, and an accelerator-driven system. The aim was to investigate the physics of complex fuel cycles involving reprocessing of spent PWR reactor fuel and its subsequent reuse in different reactor types. The objective was also to compare the calculated activities for individual isotopes as a function of time for different plutonium and minor actinide transmutation scenarios in different reactor systems.

This report gives the analysis of results of the 15 solutions provided by the participants: six for the PWRs, six for the fast reactor and three for the accelerator case. Various computer codes and nuclear data libraries were applied.
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Core Monitoring for Commercial Reactors: Improvements in Systems and Methods
Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 4-5 October 1999
English, 291 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2208, ISBN: 92-64-17659-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/2000/2208-core-monitoring.pdf
The opening of energy markets is leading to increased competition, and the nuclear power industry must adapt if it is to meet this challenge. Internationally discussions are taking place among government authorities and electric utilities and vendors on how to deal with the rapid technical development and optimisation of nuclear fuel and its utilisation under new, more aggressive fuel management strategies. Improving reactor core monitoring systems is an important part of this process.

Participants in a recent NEA workshop discussed how instrumentation, methods and models used in core monitoring can be validated or, if needed, improved and further developed to provide more reliable and detailed information on local power in the core and on other parameters indirectly affecting fuel duty.

This book shows how the core monitoring system can be used to support reactor operation in normal and anticipated transient modes and to supply data used to derive initial key core parameters for transient and accident analysis.
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Evaluation and Analysis of Nuclear Resonance Data
JEFF Report 18
English, 126 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2748, ISBN: 92-64-18272-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-18/jeff18.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Evaluation et analyse des données relatives aux résonances nucléaires 
Nuclear Data are fundamental to the development and application of all nuclear sciences and technologies. Preserving nuclear data knowledge in a field from which a large number of specialists have recently retired is also important, and this report aims to help the preservation effort.

The report provides a comprehensive presentation of the nuclear data evaluation process in the resonance energy range. The mathematical basis and the physical theories necessary for the experimental data analysis are presented in detail.

This report will be useful for experimentalists and evaluators involved in the preparation of nuclear data. It will also be of value for nuclear data users who are interested in understanding the process of preparation of these data.
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Features, Events and Processes (FEPs) for Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste
An International Database
English, 88 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2549, ISBN: 92-64-18514-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2549-features-events-processes-for-disposal.pdf
Safety assessments of disposal sites for radioactive waste involve analyses of potential releases of radionuclides from the disposed waste and subsequent transport to the human environment. An important stage of assessment is the identification and documentation of all the features, events and processes (FEPs) that may be relevant to long-term safety. This report provides an international compilation of FEPs as well as a basis for selecting the FEPs that should be included in safety analyses.
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Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Perspective
English, 62 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2548, ISBN: 92-64-18425-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/cen/publications/2548-geologic-disposal-rwm.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le point sur l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques 
One of the challenges facing the continued availability of nuclear energy is that of ensuring the safe, environmentally acceptable and economic management of the waste generated during its production.

There is a broad scientific and technical consensus that disposal of high-level, long-lived radioactive waste in deep geologic formations is an appropriate and safe means of isolating it from the biosphere for very long time scales. There have, however, been setbacks in the disposal programmes in many countries, primarily due to the failure of the waste management community to win sufficient public and political support.

This report, which is based on recent work of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), reviews the progress to date in this field and the further steps that may be required to implement geologic disposal, taking into account both the technical and regulatory requirements, and the need to achieve an appropriate level of societal acceptance.

This book should be of interest to government and industry decision makers, academics and all those eager to better understand what is at stake in this widely debated subject and the prospects that emerge.
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Processing and Validation of Intermediate Energy Evaluated Data Files (Volume 14)
English, 34 pages, published: 12/28/00
NEA#3208
Volume of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume14/volume14.pdf
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Methodologies for Assessing the Economic Consequences of Nuclear Reactor Accidents
English, 112 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2228, ISBN: 92-64-17658-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2228-methodologies-assessing.pdf
For practical reasons, the consequences of nuclear reactor accidents are often measured in economic terms. Figures currently available, however, show significant discrepancies. For this reason, the NEA created an expert group to investigate the methodologies used in calculating the economic consequences of accidents, and the bases for such methodologies.

Calculation methods were assessed according to three end uses: for compensation and liability purposes; for preparedness and management purposes; and for making electricity-generation choices. The group concluded that comparing numerical results is very difficult, even for estimates made from the same perspective, as they are strongly dependent on "boundary" conditions (such as the accident scenarios used, plant characteristics and amount of radioactive materials released). This book provides a summary of the group's findings and will be of interest to decision makers, experts and accident-consequence modellers.
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Monitoring and Data Management Strategies for Nuclear Emergencies
English, 96 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2108, ISBN: 92-64-17168-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2108-monitoring-management-strategies.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stratégies de surveillance et de gestion de données dans les urgences nucléaires 
Since the accident of Chernobyl in 1986, many countries have intensified their efforts in nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management. Experience from the NEA nuclear emergency exercises (INEX 1 and INEX 2) indicated a need to improve the international system of communication and information in case of a radiological emergency. To address this need, research was carried out by three NEA working groups, the findings of which are synthesised in the present report.

This report defines emergency monitoring and modelling needs, and proposes strategies which will assist decision makers by improving the selection of data that is transmitted, and the way in which data and information are transmitted and received. Modern communications methods, such as the Internet, are a key part of the strategies described.
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NEA News Vol. 18.1
English, 44 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2450, ISBN: 92-64-17572-5, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2000/neanews-v18-1.pdf
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NEA News Vol. 18.2
English, 44 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2788, ISBN: 92-64-17573-3, ISSN: 1605-9581
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/2000/neanews-v18-2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: AEN Infos Vol. 18.2 
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Nuclear Education and Training: Cause for Concern?
A summary Report
English, 35 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2428, ISBN: 92-64-18260-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2000/nea2428-education.pdf
Mankind now enjoys many benefits from nuclear-related technologies. There is, however, growing concern in many OECD countries that nuclear education and training is decreasing, perhaps to problematic levels.

This booklet, a summary of the full report, conveys the results of a pioneering survey on nuclear education and training in almost 200 organisations in 16 countries. The current situation is presented and causes for concern are examined. Recommendations are made as to the actions governments, academia and industry must take in order to assure that crucial present requirements are met and future options are not precluded.
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Nuclear Education and Training: Cause for Concern?
English, 120 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2529, ISBN: 92-64-18521-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2000/nea2529-educationtraining.pdf
Mankind now enjoys many benefits from nuclear-related technologies. There is, however, growing concern in many OECD countries that nuclear education and training is decreasing, perhaps to problematic levels.

This publication conveys the results of a pioneering survey on nuclear education and training in almost 200 organisations in 16 countries. It presents the current situation and examines causes for concern. It also provides recommendations as to the actions governments, academia and industry must take in order to ensure that crucial present requirements are met and future options are not precluded.
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Nuclear Energy in a Sustainable Development Perspective
English, 62 pages, published: 12/07/00
NEA#2811, ISBN: 92-64-18278-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/docs/2000/nddsustdev.pdf

Other language(s):
- Korean: Nuclear Energy in a Sustainable Development Perspective 
The concept of sustainable development, which emerged from the report of the 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development (the Brundtland report), is of increasing interest to policy makers and the public. In the energy sector, sustainable development policies need to rely on a comparative assessment of alternative options, taking into account their economic, health, environmental and social aspects, at local, regional and global levels.

This publication by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency investigates nuclear energy from a sustainable development perspective, and highlights the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in this respect. It provides data and analyses that may help in making trade-offs and choices in the energy and electricity sectors at the national level, taking into account country-specific circumstances and priorities. It will be of special interest to policy makers in the nuclear and energy fields.
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 65 + Supplement
English, 80 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2448, ISBN: 92-64-17570-9, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb65.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no.65 + supplément 
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 66 + Supplement
English, 110 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2809, ISBN: 92-64-17571-7, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb66.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no. 66 + supplément 
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Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS
2000 Overview
English, 194 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2608, ISBN: 92-64-18525-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/2000/2608-eastern.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Legislation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI 
This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in eastern European countries. It covers 11 countries from Central and Eastern Europe and 11 countries from the New Independent States.

The chapters follow a systematic format making it easier for the reader to carry out research and compare information. This study will be updated regularly.

Albania Kazakhstan
Armenia Latvia
Belarus Lithuania
Bosnia and Herzegovina Poland
Bulgaria Republic of Moldova
Croatia Romania
Czech Republic Russian Federation
Estonia Slovak Republic
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Slovenia
Georgia Ukraine
Hungary Uzbekistan
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Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study
Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
English, 586 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2688, ISBN: 92-64-17676-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/
Please note that this publication is no longer available. For the most recent information on nuclear legislation in OECD member countries, please visit the NEA website at www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation.

This analytical study on nuclear legislation provides comprehensive information on the regulatory and institutional framework governing nuclear activities in each OECD country. It is organised on the basis of a standardised format for each chapter in order to facilitate the search for, and comparison of, information. It is a useful tool for students and practitioners alike, carrying out research of an academic nature or looking for practical information on nuclear legislation.
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Nuclear Power Plant Life Management in a Changing Business World
Workshop Proceedings, Washington DC, United States, 26-27 June 2000
English, 148 pages, published: 12/31/00
NEA#2888, ISBN: 92-64-18429-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2000/2888-npp-life-management.pdf
Nuclear power plant life management (PLIM) has become an important issue in the context of changing business circumstances caused by regulatory reform of the electricity market. Specifically, the economic aspect of PLIM is being closely investigated as part of the search for greater competitiveness.

It was in this light that the NEA organised an international workshop on "Nuclear Power Plant Life Management in a Changing Business World". The objective of the workshop was to examine the status of PLIM activities in OECD Member countries and to develop a set of recommendations through separate working groups focusing on technology, regulation and business. The workshop also provided an opportunity to exchange information on lessons learned from past successes and failures. These proceedings will be of particular interest to those playing a policy role in the nuclear industry and those in a position to shape future PLIM strategies.
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Nuclear Power Plant Operating Experiences from the IAEA/NEA Incident Reporting System
1996-1999
English, 44 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2288, ISBN: 92-64-17671-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea2288-IRS.pdf
The Incident Reporting System (IRS) is an essential element of the international operating experience feedback system for nuclear power plants. IRS reports contain information on events of safety significance with important lessons learned. These experiences assist in reducing or eliminating recurrence of events at other plants. The IRS is jointly operated and managed by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a specialised agency within the United Nations system. This report highlights important lessons learned from events reported to the IRS over the period of July 1996-June 1999. A total of 342 events were reported by the participating countries during this time. Several areas were selected in this report to show the range of important topics available in the IRS. These include several different types of failure in a variety of systems, as well as experience of human errors in combination with system failures. It is important that sufficient national resources be allocated to enable timely reporting of events important to safety, and to share these events in the IRS database. This report is intended to provide general information for senior officials in industry and government who have decision-making roles in the nuclear power industry.
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Nuclear Power in Competitive Electricity Markets
English, 62 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2569, ISBN: 92-64-18262-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2000/nea2569-dereg-2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'énergie nucléaire face à la concurrence sur les marchés de l'électricité 
Economic deregulation in the power sector raises new challenges for the prospects of nuclear power. A key issue is to assess whether nuclear power can be competitive in a deregulated electricity market. Other important considerations include safety, nuclear liability and insurance, the nuclear power infrastructure, and health and environmental protection.

This study, conducted by a group of experts from twelve OECD Member countries and three international organisations, provides a review and analysis of these issues, as related to both existing and future nuclear power plants. It will be of particular interest to energy analysts, as well as to policy makers in the nuclear and government sectors.
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OECD Nuclear Energy Data 2000
Bilingual, 48 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2368, ISBN: 92-64-05913-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2000/2368-BB-2000.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of basic statistics on electricity generation and nuclear power in OECD countries. The reader will have quick and easy reference to the status of and projected trends in total electricity generating capacity, nuclear generating capacity, and actual electricity production, as well as to supply and demand for nuclear fuel cycle services.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire rassemblent chaque année toutes les statistiques de base compilées par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire sur la production d'électricité et d'énergie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE. Le lecteur trouvera dans cette publication une source de référence d'accès facile et pratique sur la situation actuelle et les tendances de la puissance totale installée d'électricité, de la puissance nucléaire installée et de la production d'électricité. Des informations chiffrées sur l'offre et la demande de services liés au cycle du combustible nucléaire sont également présentées.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Ninth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1999
English, 88 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2728, ISBN: 92-64-18270-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/2000/nea2728.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 429 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Ninth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 1999 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Porewater Extraction from Argillaceous Rocks for Geochemical Characterisation
Methods and Interpretations
English, 186 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2530, ISBN: 92-64-17181-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2530-porewater-extraction.pdf
The definition of the chemical and isotopic composition of the groundwater present in argillaceous formations, which are considered as potential host rocks for radioactive waste disposal, is crucial for establishing their barrier properties. Therefore, a critical review of the relevant literature on the current methods applied to extract water and solutes and on the various approaches to the interpretation of their results was commissioned to the Laboratoire d'hydrologie et de géochimie isotopique (Université de Paris-Sud, France).

The present document provides a synthesis of available extraction methods, assesses their respective advantages and limitations, identifies key processes that many influence the composition of the extracted water, describes modelling approaches that are used to determine in situ porewater composition, and highligths, wherever possible, some of the unresolved issues and recommendations on ways to address them.
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Prediction of Neutron Embrittlement in the Reactor Pressure Vessel
VENUS-1 and VENUS-3 Benchmarks
English, 265 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2128, ISBN: 92-64-17637-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2000/nsc-doc2000-5.pdf
The OECD/NEA Task Force on Computing Radiation Dose and Modelling of Radiation-Induced Degradation of Reactor Components (TFRDD) launched two international blind intercomparison exercises to examine the current computation techniques used in NEA Member countries for calculating neutron and gamma doses to reactor components. Various methodologies and different nuclear data were applied to predict dose rates in the Belgian VENUS-1 and three-dimensional VENUS-3 configurations for comparison with measured data.

This report provides the detailed results from the two benchmarks. The exercise revealed that three-dimensional neutron fluence calculations provide results that are significantly more accurate than those obtained from two-dimensional calculations. Performing three-dimensional calculations is technically feasible given the power of today's computers.
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Pressurised Water Reactor Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) Benchmark
Volume II: Results of Phase I on Point Kinetics
English, 136 pages, published: 12/22/00
NEA#2868, ISBN: 92-64-18280-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/2000/nsc-doc2000-21.pdf
The benchmark is based on a well-defined problem concerning a PWR main steam line break, which may occur as a consequence of the rupture of one steam line upstream of the main steam isolation valves. This event is characterised by significant space-time effects in the core caused by asymmetric cooling and an assumed stuck-out control rod during reactor trip. It is based on reference design and data from the Three Mile Island Unit 1 Nuclear Power Plant (TMI-1). It includes a description of the event sequence with set points of all activated system functions and typical plant conditions during the transient.

This report summarises the results contributed by international participants concerning Phase I of the exercise: point kinetics simulation to test the primary and secondary system model responses.
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Radiological Impacts of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Options
A Comparative Study
English, 124 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2328, ISBN: 92-64-17657-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2328-radiological-impacts.pdf
Given its potential significance for public health and the environment, the impact of radioactive releases during important steps of nuclear energy production must be considered when selecting among different fuel cycles. With this in mind, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has undertaken a comparative study of the radiological impacts of two main fuel cycle options: one with and one without reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. The study compares the respective impacts of the two options based on generic models and assumptions as well as actual data. It concludes that the difference between them is not significant.

A wealth of recent data assembled and evaluated by an international expert geam is provided in annex.
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Reduction of Capital Costs of Nuclear Power Plants
English, 106 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2088, ISBN: 92-64-17144-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2000/2088-reduction-capital-costs.pdf
The competitiveness of nuclear power plants depends largely on their capital costs that represent some 60 per cent of their total generation costs. Reviewing and analysing ways and means to reduce capital costs of nuclear power plants are essential to enhance the economic viability of the nuclear option.

The report is based upon cost information and data provided by experts from NEA Member countries. It investigates the efficiency of alternative methods for reducting capital costs of nuclear units. It will provide stakeholders from the industry and governmental agencies with relevant elements in support of policy making.
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Reform of Civil Nuclear Liability
Budapest Symposium 1999
Bilingual, 675 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2188, ISBN: 92-64-05885-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/2000/2188-liability.pdf
The International Symposium on the Reform of Civil Nuclear Liability, organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission, was held in Budapest, Hungary, from 31 May to 3 June 1999. The event attracted over 200 participants from 50 countries, with a view to examining nuclear liability and compensation issues in the context of the recent revision of the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, the adoption of the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage and the current negotiations being carried out under the aegis of the OECD/NEA on the amendment of the Paris and Brussels Conventions. These proceedings reproduce all papers which were presented at the Symposium, and provide detailed records of the discussion periods.

Le Symposium international sur la réforme de la responsabilité civile nucléaire, organisé par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire en coopération avec l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique et la Commission européenne, s'est tenu à Budapest, en Hongrie, du 31 mai au 3 juin 1999. Ce symposium a regroupé plus de 200 participants venant de 50 pays, afin d'examiner les questions que se posent aujourd'hui en matière de responsabilité et de réparation des dommages nucléaires dans le contexte de la révision récente de la Convention de Vienne, de l'adoption d'une nouvelle Convention sur la réparation complémentaire des dommages nucléaires et, enfin, des négociaitons en cours au sein de l'OCDE/AEN sur l'amendement de la Convention de Paris et de la Convention Complémentaire de Bruxelles. Sont publiés dans ce recueil tous les rapports présentés dans le cadre de ce Symposium, ainsi que les comptes rendus détaillés des discussions.
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Regulatory Response Strategies for Safety Culture Problems
Bilingual, 25 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2248, ISBN: 92-64-07672-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea2248-response.pdf
Since 1998 the NEA Committee on Nuclear Regulatory Activities (CNRA) has been dealing with the issue of how a regulatory organisation can recognise early, and address safety performance problems that stem from, safety culture weaknesses. Following a report published in 1999 entitled "the Role of the Nuclear Regulator in Promoting and Evaluating Safety Culture", this report explores regulatory response strategies for dealing with declining safety performance. It also discusses resumption of normal surveillance after a period of enhanced regulatory attention and intervention.The intended audience is primarily nuclear safety regulators, but government authorities, nuclear power plant operators and the general public may also be interested.

Depuis 1998, le Comité de l'AEN sur les activités nucléaires réglementaires (CANR) s'intéresse à la manière dont une autorité de sûreté identifie et traite à un stade précoce les problèmes de sûreté provenant de lacunes dans la culture de sûreté. Faisant suite à un rapport publié en 1999 et intitulé "Le rôle de l'autorité de sûreté dans la promotion et l'évaluation de la culture de sûreté", le présent ouvrage explore des stratégies de réponse réglementaire à la baisse du niveau de sûreté. Il aborde également le retour à un mode de surveillance normal après une période de surveillance et d'intervention renforcée décidée par les autorités de sûreté. Ce rapport s'adresse en premier lieu aux autoirtés de sûreté nucléaire, mais pourra également présenter un intérêt pour les autorités gouvernementales, les exploitants nucléaires et le public.
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Regulatory Reviews of Assessments of Deep Geologic Repositories
Lessons Learnt
Bilingual, 132 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2308, ISBN: 92-64-05886-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea2308-reg-reviews-assessments-deep-geo.pdf
Integrated performance assessments (IPAs) of radioactive waste repositories deep underground are made at different stages of repository development in order, for example, to allow full-scale development, to provide feedback to R&D, and to test and develop review capability. IPA studies must be acceptable to a wide range of stakholders and are one of the bases for dialogue amongst regulators and implementers of disposal facilities.

The goal of the IPAG-2 study was to examine the experience of regulatory reviews of IPAs, from both the implementer and regulator points of view. Ten implementer and seven regulatory organisations participated. This report presents the lessons learnt from their review experiences, and provides recommendations to aid future regulatory decision making.


A differents stades du processus d'aménagement d'un dépôt géologique de déchets radioactifs, des évaluations intégrées des performances (EIP) sont réalisées afin de progresser dans la réalisation de l'installation, de recueillir un retour d'information utile en R-D et de tester et développer les capacités d'analyse. Ces EIP doivent être ensuite approuvées par une diversité d'intervenants et constituent la base du dialogue entre les autorités de sûreté et les exploitants des dépôts de déchets.

L'étude IPAG-2 avait pour objectif de faire le point sur l'expérience des examens des EIP dans un contexte réglementaire, tant du point de vue des autorités de sûreté que des exploitants. Dix exploitants et sept organismes de réglementation y ont participé. Ce rapport présente les enseignements tirés de l'étude et propose des recommandations destinées à faciliter le travail des responsables de la réglementation.
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SR 97: Post-closure Safety of a Deep Repository for Spent Nuclear Fuel in Sweden
An International Peer Review
English, 49 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2468, ISBN: 92-64-18261-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2468-sr97.pdf
This report presents the common views of the International Review Team established by the NEA Secretariat on behalf of the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI) to perform a peer review of a post-closure safety study of a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel in Sweden, Safety Report 97, produced by the Swedish Spent Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB).
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Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2
Final Report of the Finnish Regional Exercise
Bilingual, 98 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2768, ISBN: 92-64-08580-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2768-inex2-finnish-rpt-bilingual.pdf
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) initiated its programme of international Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX) by a table-top exercise (INEX 1) which allowed the 16 participating countries to examine how their response mechanisms addressed the international aspects of a large-scale nuclear emergency.

Based on the experience thus gained, a series of more realistic exercises, INEX 2, has been organised by the NEA. These exercises used as a basis a national-level emergency exercise at an existing power plant, and aimed to achieve three international objectives: the real-time exchange of information, public information and decision making based on limited information and uncertain plant conditions.

This report summarises the experience gained and lessons learned during the second INEX 2 regional exercise which took place in Finland.




L'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a débuté son programme d'exercices internationaux de préparation d'urgence (INEX) par une simulation théorique : INEX 1, qui a permis à 16 pays participants d'évaluer l'efficacité des mécanismes mis en place pour traiter des aspects internationaux d'une urgence nucléaire à grande échelle.

À partir des enseignements recueillis, une série d'exercices plus réalistes - INEX 2 - a été organisée par l'AEN. Ces exercices, qui ont pris comme point de départ une situation d'urgence de dimension nationale dans une centrale nucléaire existante, visaient trois objectifs internationaux : l'échange d'informations en temps réel, l'information du public et la prise de décision d'après des informations limitées et une connaissance incertaine des conditions de la centrale.

Ce rapport résume les résultats obtenus et les enseignements tirés du deuxième exercice régional d'INEX 2 qui a eu lieu en Finlande.
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Stakeholder Confidence and Radioactive Waste Disposal
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28-31 August 2000
English, 166 pages, published: 12/15/00
NEA#2829, ISBN: 92-64-18277-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2829.pdf
Any significant decisions regarding geologic disposal of radioactive waste will need a comprehensive public review and a thorough involvement of all relevant stakeholders, such as waste generators, waste management agencies, regulatory authorities, local communities and elected officials. The participation of non-technical stakeholders will become increasingly important as more countries move towards siting and implementing geologic repositories.

The decision-making process and avenues for stakeholder inolvement differ from country to country. It is important to identify similarities and differences, understand the key concerns of the various stakeholders, and develop means to interact effectively. The Nuclear Energy Agency recently set up a Forum on Stakeholder Confidence charged with distilling the lessons that can be learnt from national and international experience.

These proceedings of the Forum's first workshop held in August 2000 provide an overview of OECD countries' experience in the field of stakeholder confidence and radioactive waste disposal.
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The JEF-2.2 Nuclear Data Library
JEFF Report 17
English, 253 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2348, ISBN: 92-64-17686-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-17/
The JEF-2.2 library, the latest version in the Joint Evaluated Files series, is composed of sets of evaluated nuclear data, mainly for fission reactor applications. It contains a number of different data types, including neutron interaction data, radioactive decay data, fission yield data, thermal scattering law data and photo-atomic interaction data.

This report gives detailed information on JEF-2.2, including the origin of evaluations, measures of typical biases (calculation-experiment discrepancies) for different applications and indications on the changes needed to nuclear data in order to improve the predictive power of the file. The feedback contained herein will be used to prepare JEFF-3 (the Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion file).

This report will be useful for scientists and engineers in national laboratories, universities and industry who use nuclear data constants. It is particularly suitable for those who work with computer codes utilising application libraries based on JEF-2.2.
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The Role of Nuclear Regulator in Promoting and Evaluating Safety Culture
Bilingual, 39 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1547
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea1547-Murley.pdf
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Uranium 1999: Resources, Production and Demand
A Joint report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
English, 340 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2369, ISBN: 92-64-17198-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/2000/2369-uranium-1999.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 1999 : Ressources, production et demande 
In recent years, the world uranium market has been characterised by an imbalance between demand and supply and persistently depressed uranium prices. World uranium production currently satisfies between 55 and 60 per cent of the total reactor-related requirements, while the rest of the demand is met by secondary sources including the conversion of excess defence material and stockpiles, primarily from Eastern Europe. Although the future availability of these secondary sources remains unclear, projected low-cost production capability is expected to satisfy a considerable part of demand through to 2015. Information in this report provides insights into changes expected in uranium supply and demand over the next 15 years.

The "Red Book", jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is the foremost world reference on uranium. It is based on official information from 49 countries and includes compilations of statistics on resources, exploration, production and demand as of 1 January 1999. It provides substantial new information from all of the major uranium producing centres in Africa, Australia, Eastern Europe, North America and the New Independent States. It also contains an international expert analysis of industry statistics and world-wide projections of nuclear energy growth, uranium requirements and uranium supply.

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1998 NEA Annual Report
English, 40 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1607
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/pub/activities/ar98.pdf
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A Proposed Standardised List of Items for Costing Purposes
Interim Technical Document
English, 104 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1708
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/costlist.pdf
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Proceedings of the Fifth International Information Exchange Meeting, Mol, Belgium, 25-27 November 1998
English, 543 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1488
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/trw/docs/mol98/
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Status and Assessment Report Synthèse des travaux
English, 325 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1507
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/trw/docs/neastatus99/
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Advanced Reactors with Innovative Fuels
Workshop Proceedings, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 1998
English, 459 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1747, ISBN: 92-64-17117-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/1999/1747-advanced-reactors-1998.pdf
Plutonium and minor actinide burning or recycling in thermal and fast reactors is being studied in many countries with the aim of maintaining and developing fuel cycle options which can be adjusted to changing demands and constraints. The challenge is to move towards an economically and socially sustainable nuclear energy system based on advanced reactors ? advanced water-cooled reactors, fast reactors and perhaps accelerator-based, hybrid reactors ? and new types of fuel cycles which help to minimise the waste arising. An additional issue concerns the availability of resources for the long-term future.

This workshop introduced new ideas on R&D activities and identified areas and research tasks relevant for the deployment of new systems and in which international co-operation can be strengthened. The roles played by existing experimental facilities as well as possible needs for new ones are discussed. The conclusions of the technical sessions are synthesised and the results of a round table discussion on international co-operation are presented.
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Back-end of the Fuel Cycle in a 1 000 Gwe Nuclear Scenario
Workshop Proceedings, Avignon, France, 6-7 October 1998
English, 120 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1767, ISBN: 92-64-17116-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1999/1767-Back-end-fuel-cycle.pdf
The optimisation of the nuclear fuel cycle is a key issue for the sustainability of nuclear energy. This book presents the papers from a workshop which investigated alternative nuclear energy futures, with emphasis on back-end of the fuel cycle options that could enhance the sustainability of nuclear energy in the long term, to 2050 and beyond. The papers lay out the conditions that need to be fulfilled for nuclear energy to remain a viable option and highlight the technological and strategic developments underway to address those issues.

Subjects covered include natural resource management, radioactive was minimisation, cost reduction and proliferation resistance aspects of alternative reactor and fuel cycle technologies.
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Confidence in the Long-term Safety of Deep Geological Repositories
Its Development and Communication
English, 80 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1809
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/confidence.pdf
This report is aimed at safety assessors of deep geological repositories and at technical specialists concerned with radioactive waste disposal. It is intended to improve communication among interested parties by clarifying the concepts related to the development of confidence, and by placing the various measures that are employed to evaluate, enhance and communicate confidence in the technical aspects of safety in a clear, logical framework. Thes measures are increasingly embodied in actual procedures applied in today's safety assessments, and can be incorporated in a common framework, despite differences in approaches, practices and constraints both within and between repository projects.
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Data Bank Leaflet
English, published: 01/01/99
NEA#4208
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/pubs/db-brochure.pdf
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Decontamination Techniques Used in Decommissioning Activities
A Report by the NEA Task Group on Decontaminaton
English, 52 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1707
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/decontec.pdf
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Environmental Activities in Uranium Mining and Milling
A Joint NEA/IAEA Report
English, 174 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#766, ISBN: 92-64-17064-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1999/766-environmental-activities.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Aspects environnementaux de la production d'uranium 

Environmental activities in uranium mining and milling are becoming increasingly important owing to:

- the stricter requirements for new facilities being imposed by many countries in the form of environmental clearance approvals;
- the large number of uranium production facilities which have been taken out of operation recently; and
- the restoration and reclamation measures that are being considered for many old sites which have been closed permanently.

This book provides an overview of environmental activities related to uranium production based on survey responses from 29 countries. It discusses environmental and safety activities related to the closure and remediation of formerly utilised sites; the operation, monitoring and control of producing sites; and the planning, licensing and authorisation of new facilities. It provides an overview of the reported interests of specialists working in the field, including sensitivity of ecosystems, environmental impact assessment, emissions to air and water, work environment, radiation safety, waste handling and disposal, mine and mill decommissioning and site restoration, and the regulation of these activities.
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Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
Review of Developments in the Last Decade
English, 104 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#2048, ISBN: 92-64-17194-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/1999/2048-geological-disposal.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Evacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs 
- Chinese: 国际放射性废物 - 地质处置十年进展 
The concept of removing long-lived radioactive wastes from the human environment by disposal in deep geological repositories was developed several decades ago. In the intervening years, research efforts world-wide have increased our knowledge and understanding of how underground disposal systems will function over very long periods of time. Significant progress has also been made towards implementation of such facilities. There have, however, been delays in the disposal programmes of several countries.This report is a review of developments in the past decade. The primary sources of information are the answers to a questionnaire provided by waste management organisations represented in the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC). The latter is an international forum of senior specialists from safety authorities, waste management agencies, R&D institutions and policy-making bodies.
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Glossary of Nuclear Power Plant Ageing
(English-French-German-Spanish-Russian)
English, published: 01/01/99
NEA#12, ISBN: 92-64-05842-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1999/12-glossary-npp-ageing.pdf
Plant life management is becoming an increasingly important topic both in nuclear power plant operations and in international discussions on the role of nuclear energy. As in many other aspects of nuclear power plants operations there is much to be learned by international comparisons of practices. This five-language glossary of terminology is intended to assist utility operators and regulators in OECD countries, and more generally to help readers benefit as much as possible from international experience.

La gestion de la durée de vie des centrales, vitale pour l'exploitation des centrales nucléaires, se trouve en outre au coeur du débat international sur le rôle de l'énergie nucléaire. Comme souvent en matière d'exploitation de centrales nucléaires, les comparaisons internationales sont riches d'enseignements. Ce glossaire en cinq langues s'adresse principalement aux exploitants et aux organismes de réglementation des pays del 'OCDE et, en général, à tout lecteur désireux de profiter des leçons d'une expérience internationale.

Das Alterungsmanagement von Kraftwerken gewinnt immer mehr Bedeutung sowohl für den Betrieb von Kernkraftwerken als auch in der internationalen Diskussion über die Rolle der Kernenergie. Wie bei vielen anderen Fragen des Betriebes von Kernkraftwerken kann auch hier viel durch internationalen Vergleich der Erfahrungen gelernt werden. Die vorliegende fünfsprachige Begriffe-Sammlung soll Betreiber und Aufsichtbehörden in den OECD-Ländern unterstützen und es ganz allgemein allen Lesern erleichtern, die internationalen Erfahrungen zu nutzen.

Spanish blurb

La gestión de la vida de las centrales es un tema cada vez más importante tanto en la operación de las centrales nucleares como en los debates internacionales sobre el papel de la energía nuclear. Como en muchos otros aspectos de operación de centrales nucleares hay mucho que aprender de la comparación internacional de métodos de funcionamiento. Este glosario de terminología en cinco idiomas trata de ayudar a los operadores de centrales y a los reguladores de los países de la OCDE, y en general a toda persona interesada, de aprovechar la experiencia internacional.
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ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Eighth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1998
English, 76 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1847
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1999/isoe-8ar.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in cocupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposiure data from the 422 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing 88 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Eighth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 1998 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Intercomparisons of Calculations Made for GODIVA and JEZEBEL
JEFF Report 16
English, 28 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1988
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-16.pdf
This report gives details of intercomparisons studies undertaken to investigate the accuracy of calculation methods used for reactor physics studies. The same nuclear data library, JEF-2.2, was used in all the codes. The objective of the study was to estimate the uncertainties arising from approximations in the cross-section processing and neutronics methods, as well as to provide guidance on the sources of the differences. The intercomparisons studied were the small Los Alamos fast spectrum critical spheres, GODIVA and JEZEBEL.
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International Evaluation Co-operation
238U Capture and Inelastic Cross-Sections (Volume 4)
English, 48 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1948
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume4/volume4.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Epithermal Capture Cross-Section of 235U (Volume 18)
English, 40 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1907
Volume 18 of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume18/volume18.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Present Status of Minor Actinide Data (Volume 8)
English, 116 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1947
Volume 8 of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume8/volume8.pdf
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Ion and Slow Positron Beam Utilisation
Workshop Proceedings, Costa da Caparica, Portugal, 15-17 September 1998
English, 236 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1427, ISBN: 92-64-17025-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/1999/1427-ion-slow-positron.pdf
The use of ion beams in nuclear research is well established, with many facilities and networks of experts active in the field. Applications for ion beams are expanding, in particular in the development of new materials, biotechnology and the creation of new isotopes. Positron beams are likewise a very powerful tool for observing and influencing microscopic material structures, as well as for medical diagnosis.

The combined utilisation of ion and positron beams is expected to open up new horizons in the areas of material science and biotechnology. These proceedings provide an overview of the latest developments in this field, and highlight areas for future international co-operation.
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Light Water Reactor (LWR) Pin Cell Benchmark Intercomparisons
JEFF Report 15
English, 44 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1867
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-15.pdf
Benchmark intercomparison studies are being undertaken to investigate the accuracy of calculation methods. The same nuclear data library, JEF-2.2, is used in all the codes. The objective has been to estimate the uncertainties arising from approximations in the cross-section processing and neutronics methods and to provide guidance on the sources of the differences. The intercomparisons studied in this phase have been simple models, LWR pin cells without leakage and also with leakage treated by means of a buckling.
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Low-Level Radioactive Waste Repositories: An Analysis of Costs
English, 179 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1347, ISBN: 92-64-16154-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/low-level-waste-repository-costs.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dépôts de déchets radioactifs de faible activité : Une analyse des coûts 
Low-level radioactive waste (LLW) arises in the normal operation of nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities, as well as from the use of radioactive isotopes in medicine, industry and agriculture. This report sets out the costs of operating disposal sites for LLW in OECD countries, as well as the factors that may affect the costs of sites being developed. This publication will be of special interest to experts in the field of radioactive waste management and economics of the nuclear fuel cycle.
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NEA Newsletter Vol. 17.1
English, 44 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1687, ISBN: 92-64-15968-1, ISSN: 1016-5398
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/1999/neanews-v17-1.pdf
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NEA Newsletter Vol. 17.2
English, 38 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#2068, ISBN: 92-64-16177-5, ISSN: 1016-5398
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/1999/neanews-v17-2.pdf
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Nirex Methodology for Scenario and Conceptual Model Development
An International Peer Review
English, 46 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1569
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/nirex3.pdf
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 63 + Supplement
English, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1647, ISBN: 92-64-16174-0, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb63.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no.63 + supplément 
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No. 64 + Supplement
English, 97 pages, published: 12/13/99
NEA#1968, ISBN: 92-64-16175-9, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb64.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no.64 + supplément 
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Nuclear Waste Bulletin
Update on Waste Management Policies and Programmes, No.13 - December 1998
English, 135 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1327
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin13.pdf
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OECD Nuclear Energy Data 1999
Bilingual, 47 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1487, ISBN: 92-64-05856-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1999/1487-BB-1999.pdf
Nuclear Energy Data is the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's annual compilation of basic statistics on electricity generation and nuclear power in OECD countries. The reader will have quick and easy reference to the status of an projected trends in total electricity generating capacity, nuclear generating capacity, and actual electricity production, as well as to supply and demand for nuclear fuel cycle services.

Les Données sur l'énergie nucléaire rassemblent chaque année toutes les statistiques de base compilées par l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire sur la production d'électricité et d'énergie nucléaire dans les pays de l'OCDE. Le lecteur trouvera dans cette publication une source de référence d'accès facile et pratique sur la situation actuelle et les tendances de la puissance d'électricité totale, de la puissance nucléaire installée, de la production d'électricité et de l'offre et de la demande de services du cycle du combustible nucléaire.
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Physics and Fuel Performance of Reactor-Based Plutonium Disposition
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28-30 September 1998
English, 231 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1467, ISBN: 92-64-17050-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/1999/1467-physics-fuel-performance.pdf
Following recent disarmament agreements, the Russian Federation and the USA have declared part of their stockpiles of weapons-grade plutonium as a surplus to their national defence needs. This material needs to be disposed of, and one of the suggested means of doing so is burning it in existing reactors and transforming the material into spent fuel. The experience in these two countries with mixed oxide fuel (MOX) is either dated or scarce. Several European countries and Japan, however, have acquired much experience in using MOX fuel in reactors which was shared at this important workshop.

This publication presents the workshop results which reviewed existing technical information from the civil nuclear power programmes that are benefical to weapons-grade plutonium disposition. It also proposes concrete actions that could help expedite this process in the near future.
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Pressurised Water Reactor Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) Benchmark
Volume I: Final Specifications
English, 101 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1587
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1999/nsc-doc99-8.pdf
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Progress Towards Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where do We Stand?
An International Assessment
English, 28 pages, published: 01/11/99
NEA#1787
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/progress.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: Où en est l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques ? 
Radioactive wastes of all kinds need to be managed responsibly to ensure public safety and protection of the environment, as well as security from malicious intervention, now and in the future. The most challenging task involves management of the long-lived waste that must be isolated from the human environment for many thousands of years. The preferred option for eventual disposal is emplacement in repositories deep underground in well-chosen geologica media.

This report presents and expert assessment of developments in the field of deep geologic disposal of radioactive waste over the past ten years. It reviews both technical and societal aspects, and should be of interest to decision makers responsible for radioactive waste management as well as to interested groups and individuals.
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Russian Minatom Nuclear Safety Research Strategic Plan
An International review
English, 38 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1407
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/nea1407-MINATOM.pdf
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Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities - SATIF 4
Workshop Proceedings, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, 17-18 September 1998
English, 305 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1468, ISBN: 92-64-17044-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/1999/1468-SATIF-4.pdf
Over the last 50 years particle accelerators have evolved from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continue to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to investigating the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use particle accelerators for materials science and medical applications.

In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, giving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems.These workshop proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluating advancements and discussing further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
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Speciation, Techniques and Facilities for Radioactive Materials at Synchrotron Light Sources
Workshop Proceedings, Grenoble, France, 4-6 October 1998
English, 343 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1727
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1727-speciation.pdf
The NEA Workshop and Euroconference on this subject was held in order to introduce the applications of synchrotron-based analytical techniques to scientists working in the environmental field or working with radionuclides. It was also aimed at providing a forum for teaching and for scientific discussion, as well as for establishing a possible co-operative scientific network.

These proceedings contain the abstracts and a selection of the papers presented at the meeting. They include introductions to synchrotron radiation techniques, results in the field of actinide chemistry and physics obtained at synchrotron light sources. Status reports on current and planned experimental activities at these installations are also provided.
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Strategic Areas in Radioactive Waste Management
The Viewpoint and Work Orientations of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee
English, 26 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#2008
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/strategy_final.pdf
The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) is a forum of senior operators, regulators, policy makers, and senior representatives of R&D institutions in the field of radioactive waste management. The committee assists Member countries by providing objective guidance on the solution of radioactive waste problems, and promotes safety in the short- and long-term management of radioactive waste.

This report identifies some of the major challenges currently faced by national waste management programmes, and describes the strategic areas in which the RWMC should focus its efforts in future years.
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Utilisation and Reliability of High Power Proton Accelerators
Workshop Proceedings, Mito, Japan, 13-15 October 1998
English, 443 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1627, ISBN: 92-64-17068-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/1999/1627-HPPA-Japan 1998.pdf
The use of high power particle accelerators in various areas of applied nuclear science is presented with special emphasis on accelerator driven reactor systems (ADS) for transmutation of nuclear waste. National programmes for the development of spallation neutron sources are presented and the performance and reliability of existing or planned accelerators for use in ADS are discussed. Effects, such as thermal shocks and material resistance, on the reactor part of an ADS from loss of accelerator beam are discussed more in greater detail.
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Water-conducting Features in Radionuclide Migration
Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 10-12 June 1998
English, 376 pages, published: 10/13/99
NEA#1808, ISBN: 92-64-17124-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/nea1808-water-radionuclide-migration.pdf
GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.

Water-conducting features can, for example, determine the rate of radionuclide release from the near-field to the far-field, the rate at which radionuclides can migrate with flowing groundwater, and the degree of retention in the geosphere. Therefore, the characterisation of the structure and properties of water-conducting features is an important requirement for any performance assessment of deep repository systems. The third GEOTRAP workshop, "Characterisation of Water-Conducting Features and their Representation in Models of Radionuclide Migration" (Barcelona, Spain, 10-12 June 1998), addressed these issues and provided an overview of current developments in this technical field - both within national waste management programmes and the scientific community. These developments reinforce confidence in the concepts and models used for repository performance assessment.

In addition to the material presented, this publication includes a technical synthesis of the workshop, reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.

2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 | 1991 | 1990 | 1989 | 1988 | 1987 | 1984 | 1983 | 1981 | 1979 | 1977 | 1974 | page top

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Beneficial Uses and Production of Isotopes
English, 60 pages, published: 12/06/99
NEA#787, ISBN: 92-64-16953-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1999/787-beneficial-uses-isotopes.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Usages bénéfiques et production des isotopes 
Radioactive and stable isotopes are used throughout the world and in many sectors, including medicine, industry, agriculture and research. In many applications isotopes have no substitute, and in most others they are more effective and cheaper than alternative techniques or processes.

This publication is the first international survey on the beneficial uses and production of isotopes. It provides an overview of their main uses, and detailed information on the facilities that produce them world-wide. Trends in isotope supply and demand are analysed, and the conclusions and recommendations presented point to key issues to be considered by governments.

This publication will be of special interest to policy makers from governmental bodies involved in the production and uses of isotopes, as well as to scientists and experts in the field.
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Developments in Radiation Health Sciences and Their Impact on Radiation Protection
English, 35 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#282
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1998/devrad.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Evolution de radiobiologie et de radiopathologie : répercussions sur la radioprotection 
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Evaluation of 242Pu Data for the Incident Neutron Energy Range 5-20 MeV
Bilingual, 129 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1307
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1998/sen-nsc-wppr98-1.pdf
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Fluid Flow through Faults and Fractures in Argillaceous Formations
Proceedings of a Joint NEA/EC "Clay Club" Workshop, Bern, Switzerland, 10-12 June 1996
English, 399 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#646, ISBN: 92-64-16021-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1998/nea646-fluid-flow-faults-fractures.pdf
An evaluation of the occurrence of fluid flow through faults and fractures is of primary importance for the performance assessment of radioactive waste repositories located in argillaceous settings.

In order to provide the national waste management organisations and the scientific community at large with insights into the driving processes and the occurrence of fluid flow through faults and fractures in argillaceous formations, the NEA and the EC jointly organised a workshop on this topic (Berne, Switzerland, 10-12 June 1996).

This publication includes the papers presented orally or as posters at the workshop, and is introduced by a synthesis of the topics addressed and the conclusions reached.
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ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Sixth Annual Report - 1986-1996
English, 112 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1167
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1996/isoe-6ar.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Nuclear Models to 200 MeV for High-Energy Data Evaluations [Volume 12]
English, 20 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1248
Volume of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume12/volume12.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Status of Pseudo-Fission-Product Cross-Sections for Fast Reactors [Volume 17]
English, 120 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1251
Volume of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume17/volume17.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Effects of Shape Differences in the Level Densities of Three Formalisms on Calculated Cross-Sections [Volume 16]
English, 36 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1250
Volume of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume16/volume16.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Intermediate Energy Data [Volume 13]
English, 22 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1249
Volume of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume13/volume13.pdf
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International Nuclear Data Measurement Activities - Newsletter No.3
English, 92 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1252
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1998/nsc-doc98-10-b.pdf
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Loss of Tendon Prestress in NPP Containments
Proceedings of a WANO/OECD Workshop, Poitiers, France, August 1997 NEA/CSNI/R(97)9
English, 378 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#987
General Distribution Document Number:
OCDE/GD(97)225
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/1997/csni-r1997-09.pdf
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Modelling the Effects of Spatial Variability on Radionuclide Migration
Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France 9-11 June 1997
English, 352 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1188, ISBN: 92-64-16099-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1998/nea1188-effects-spatial-variability-radionuclide.pdf
GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site characterisation and evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems of long-lived radioactive waste.

Variability (heterogeneity) in the properties of the rocks over a wide range of spatial scales is a common feature of most geologic media and broad agreement exists that its characterisation and the corresponding analysis of the consequences for groundwater flow and radionuclide transport form an important part of the assessment of the safety of deep geologic repositories.

The second GEOTRAP workshop, "Modelling the Effects of Spatial Variability on Radionuclide Migration" (Paris, France, 9-11 June 1997), addressed these issues and provided an overview of current developments in this technical field- both in national waste management programmes and the scientific community. These developments reinforce confidence in the concepts and models used for repository safety assessment.

In addition to the papers presented, this publication includes a synthesis of the workshop reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations drawn, notably during the working group sessions. The synthesis also puts these conclusions and recommendations into perspective within the scope of the GEOTRAP project and the state of the art in the technical field.
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NEA Newsletter Vol. 16.1
English, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1006, ISBN: 92-64-15968-1, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/1998/neanews-v16-1.pdf
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NEA Newsletter Vol. 16.2
English, 38 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1367
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/1998/neanews-v16-2.pdf
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Nuclear Law Bulletin - Index 1-60
English, 189 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1146, ISBN: 92-64-16015-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb-index-1-60.pdf
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No.61 + Supplement
English, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1126, ISBN: 92-64-15966-5, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb61.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no.61 + Supplément 
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Nuclear Law Bulletin No.62 + Supplement
English, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1287, ISBN: 92-64-15967-3, ISSN: 0304-341X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/nlb/nlb62.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de droit nucléaire no.62 + supplément 
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Nuclear Power and Climate Change
English, 28 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#846
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/climate/climate.html

Other language(s):
- Français: L'énergie nucléaire et le changement climatique 
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Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS
English, 128 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#606, ISBN: 92-64-16018-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/1998/606-eastern.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Panorama de la législation nucléaire en Europe centrale et orientale et dans les NEI 
This publication examines the legislation and regulations governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in Eastern European countries. It covers eleven countries from Central and Eastern Europe and five countries from the Community of Independent States.
The chapters follow a systematic format making it easier for the reader to research and compare information. This study will be updated regularly.

Arménia Latvia
Belarus Lithuania
Bulgaria Poland
Croatia Romania
Czech Republic Russian Federation
Estonia Slovak Republic
Hungary Slovenia
Kazakstan Ukraine
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Projected Costs of Generating Electricity - Update 1998
English, 240 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#768, ISBN: 92-64-16162-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1998/768-projected-costs.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Prévisions des coûts de production de l'électricité - Mise à jour 1998 
This is the fifth study in a series on the future costs of generating electricity. It reviews cost estimates for power plants using nuclear, coal, gas and renewable energy sources. Experts from fourteen OECD countries and five non-OECD countries provided estimated costs for investment, for operations and maintenance, and for fuel for more than 70 power plants. A uniform, consistent method of analysis produces comparable, levelised costs of electricity (cents/kWh). The study also analyses the effects on generation costs of variations in economic lifetime, plant load, and fossil fuel price escalation.

An authoritative reference in the field, this publication will be especially useful to electricity system analysts and experts in electric power economics.
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SATIF-3 - Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities
Proceedings of 3rd Specialists Meeting Sendai, Japan, 12-13 May 1997
English, 365 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#826, ISBN: 92-64-16071-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/1998/826-SATIF-3.pdf
Particle accelerators have evolved over the last 50 years from simple devices to powerful machines, and will continued to have an important impact on research, technology and lifestyle. Today, they cover a wide range of applications, from television and computer displays in households to the investigation of the origin and structure of matter. It has become common practice to use them for material science and medical applications.

In recent years, requirements from new technological and research applications have emerged, ginving rise to new radiation shielding aspects and problems. These proceedings review recent progress in radiation shielding of accelerator facilities, evaluate advancements and discuss further developments needed with respect to international co-operation in this field.
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State-of-the-Art Report on the Current Status of Methodologies for Seismic PSA
NEA/CSNI/R(97)22
English, 39 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#906
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/1997/csni-r1997-22.pdf
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The Strategic Plan of the Nuclear Energy Agency - 1999
English, 52 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1567
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/general/about/strat99.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le plan stratégique de l'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire - 1999 
NEA Mission Statement

To assist its Member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, tchnological and legal bases required for a safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, as well as to provide authoritative assessments and to forge common understandings on key issues, as input to government decisions on nuclear energy policy and to broader OECD policy analyses in areas such as energy and sustainable development.
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Thermal Performance of High Burn-Up LWR Fuel
Seminar Proceedings, Cadarache, France, 3-6 March 1998
English, 389 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1247, ISBN: 92-64-16957-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/pubs/1998/1247-thermal-cadarache-1998.pdf
Proper heat removal from the fuel is essential for the safe operation of nuclear reactors used for electricity production. As nuclear fuel is burnt it undergoes important changes, including a degradation of its thermal conductivity. This important phenomenon needs to be reliably predicted in order to make better use of the fuel, a factor which can help to achieve the economic competitiveness required by today's markets.

This report communicates the results of an international seminar which reviewed recent progress in the field of nuclear fuel thermal conductivity and sought to improve the models used in computer codes predicting thermal performance. State-of-the-art knowledge is presented for both uranium-oxide and mixed-oxide fuels loaded in water reactors.
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Uranium 1997: Resources, Production and Demand
A Joint report by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency
English, 430 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#726, ISBN: 92-64-16050-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1998/726-uranium-1997.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Uranium 1997 - Ressources, production et demande 
The events characterizing the world uranium market in the last several years illustrate the persistent uncertainty faced by uranium producers and consumers worldwide. With world nuclear capacity expanding and uranium production satisfying only about 60 per cent of demand, uranium stockpiles continue to be depleted at a high rate. The uncertainty related to the remaining levels of world uranium stockpiles and to the amount of surplus defence material that will be entering the maket makes it difficult to determine when a closer balance between uranium supply and demand will be reached. Information in this report provides insights into changes expected in uranium supply and demand until well into the next century.

The "Red Book", jointly prepared by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency, is the foremost reference on uranium. This world report is based on official information from 59 countries and include compilations of statistics on resources, exploration, production and demand as of 1 January 1997. It provides substantial new information from all of the major uranium producing centres in Africa, Australia, Eastern Europe, North America and New Independent States, including the first-ever official reports on uranium production in Estonia, Mongolia, Russian Federation and Uzbekistan. It also contains an international expert ananlysis of industry statistics and worldwide projections of nuclear energy growth, uranium requirements and uranium supply.

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CRPPH Sponsored Survey of University Level Education Programmes in Radiation Protection
English, 175 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#343
General Distribution Document Number:
OCDE/GD(97)80
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1996/crpph-survey.pdf
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Evaluation of Pu-242
English, published: 01/01/97
NEA#300
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1996/sen-nsc-wppr96-5.pdf
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Field Tracer Experiments: Role in the Prediction of Radionuclide Migration
Proceedings of the 1st NEA/EC GEOTRAP Workshop, Cologne, Germany - 28-30 August 1996
English, 254 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#506, ISBN: 92-64-16013-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/nea506-field-tracer-experiments-radionuclide-migration.pdf
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In-Core Instrumentation and Reactor Core Assessment
Proceedings of a Specialist Meeting, Mito-shi, Japan, 16-17 October 1996
English, 426 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#347, ISBN: 92-64-15616-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/rsd/ic96/
Information on the conditions in the reactor core is essential for the safe and economic operation of nuclear reactors. These proceedings review improvements in the methods used to gather and interpret this information. An international selection of contributions from industry and research laboratories cover radiation sensors, safety analysis, system and validation, other miscellaneous measurements, core monitoring and core performance.
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International INTRAVAL Project (The) - Flow and Tracer Experiments in Unsaturated Tuff and Soil - Las Cruces Trench and Apache Leap Tuff Studies
Phase 2 - Working Group 1 Report
English, 41 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#297
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/intraval2wg1.pdf
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International Intraval Project (The) - Phase 2
Summary Report
English, 118 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#446
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/ivalfin2.pdf
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Irradiation Embrittlement and Optimisation of Annealing
Proceedings of a Specialist meeting, Paris, France, 20-23 September 1993 - jointly organised by the OECD/NEA and the IAEA - NEA/CSNI/R(94)1 Principal Working Group No. 3 on Primary Circuit Integrity
English, 547 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#325
General Distribution Document Number:
OCDE/GD(97)23
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/1994/csni-r1994-1.pdf
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Lessons Learnt from Ten Performance Assessment Studies
English, 129 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#527
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/ipag.pdf
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Modelling in Aquatic Chemistry
English, published: 01/01/97
NEA#291, ISBN: 92-64-15569-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbtdb/pubs/Modelling_Book_TOC.htm
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NEA Newsletter 15.1
English, published: 01/01/97
NEA#276
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/1997/neanews-v15-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin de l'AEN Vol. 15.1 
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NEA Newsletter Vol. 15.2
English, 40 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#827
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nea-news/1997/neanews-v15-2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Bulletin AEN Vol. 15.2 
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Neural Network Benchmark Report
English, published: 01/01/97
NEA#309
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1996/nsc-doc96-29.html
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Nuclear Waste Bulletin
No. 12 - June 1997
Bilingual, 90 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#529
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin12.pdf
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Nucleon Nucleus Optical Model up to 200 MeV
Proceedings of a Specialist Meeting, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France, 13-15 November 1996
English, 235 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#528
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/om200/
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PWR Benchmark on Uncontrolled Rods Withdrawal at Zero Power
Final Report - September 1997
English, 77 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#406
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1996/nsc-doc96-20.pdf
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Probabilistic System Assessment Group (The)
History and Achievement - 1985-1994
English, 72 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#466
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/probabilistic.pdf
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Safety Research Needs for Russian-Designed Reactors
English, 64 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#270, ISBN: 92-64-15669-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/1998/0270-safety-research-russian-reactors.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Recherches sur la sûreté des réacteurs de conception russe - Etat des besoins 
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency co-operates with both the central and eastern European countries and the New Independent States of the former Soviet Union in planning and executing safety research programmes. The purpose is to build up know-how and capabilities in safety technology pertaining to their nuclear power plants. In this report, senior safety experts from Russia and Western countries review the nuclear-safety research needed to improve the safety of Russian-designed nuclear power reactors. They have selected a number of important research topics to which priority should be given. They have also identified nuclear-safety research topics that would benefit from a collaborative effort between eastern and western nuclear-safety researchers.
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Work Management in the Nuclear Power Industry
A Manual prepared for the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health by the ISOE Expert Group on the Impact of Work Management on Occupational Exposure
English, 173 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#99, ISBN: 92-64-15459-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1997/99-work-management-nuclear-industry.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 核电站工作管理——NEA辐射防护和公众健康委员会手册《工作管理对职业照射之影响》专家工作组编 
As we near the beginning of the 21st century, the industrialised world continues to change. Economic pressures in all facets of modern industry have made productivity and cost competitiveness increasingly essential to the very survival of companies. Many of them have therefore adopted a very global approach to their work, stressing the importance of considering jobs from a multidisciplinary team perspective, and of following them through all stages of conception, design, planning, preparation, implementation and follow-up. This focus assures successful job completion - on schedule, within budget, with a sufficient level of quality, with minimum cost, and with a maximum change of fulfilling the originally desired goal. This multidisciplinary, start-to-finish approach to jobs can be broadly termed Work Management.

This publication presents the concept of Work Management in very concrete terms: it presents details of how to implement Work Management in such areas as regulation, work management policy, worker involvement, work selection, planning and scheduling, work preparation, work implementation, and work assessment and feedback. Numerous case studies are presented of actual experience from the commercial nuclear power industry. This is a useful tool to help plant managers, maintenance engineers, outage planners, and radiation protection personnel to improve their implementation of work management, which can lead to reduced numbers of workers needed to perform a job, of person-hours spent in the radiologically controlled zone, and thus the overall cost of doing work. Moreover, this also leads to reduced occupational exposures in an ALARA fashion.

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Actinide Separation Chemistry in Nuclear Waste Streams and Materials
English, 115 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#163
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1997/nsc-doc97-19.pdf
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Proceedings of the 4th NEA International Information Exchange Meeting, Mito City, Japan, 12-13 December 1996
English, 500 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#1447
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/trw/docs/mito96/toc.pdf
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Chernobyl - Ten Years On: Radiological and Health Impact
An appraisal by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health - November 1995
English, 112 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#94
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/chernobyl/chernobyl-1995.pdf
To mark the tenth anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health published a concise report reviewing the current knowledge of the serious impacts of the accident, taking stock of the information accumulated over the last decade and the scientific studies under way, and assessing to which degree national authorities and experts have implemented the numerous lessons learned from the accident.
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Co-ordinated Research and Environmental Surveillance Programme Related to Sea Disposal of Radioactive Waste - CRESP Final Report
CRESP Final Report 1981-1995
English, 157 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#117
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/CRESP-1981-1995.pdf
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Considerations on the Concept of Dose Constraint
A Report by a Joint Group of Experts from the OECD/NEA and the EC.
English, 21 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#97
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1996/dose.pdf
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EUROCHEMIC 1956-90: 35 Years of International Experience in the Field of Nuclear Techniques
English, 627 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#68, ISBN: 92-64-14792-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/cen/publications/68-eurochemic.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: EUROCHEMIC 1956-1990 : 35 Ans de coopération internationale dans le domaine des techniques nucléaires 
Eurochemic was the first joint undertaking of the European Nuclear Energy Agency. The company was established in December 1957 by the governments of thirteen European countries to develop international co-operation in recycling spent fuel from nuclear power plants to extract the residual uranium and plutonium.

Eurochemic made an outstanding contribution to scientific and technical progress in nuclear chemistry in Europe, particularly as a training ground for specialists. In the longer term, however, it was unable to promote a joint industrial policy in this field. Eurochemic subsequently made a highly successful move into radioactive waste management and provided a rich source of information for the countries that took part.

Anyone interested in the international co-operative ventures that have arisen from nuclear developments will be interested in this book. Copiously illustrated, it gives a lively description of the still current problems of the tail-end of the nuclear fuel cycle.
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Future Financial Liabilities of Nuclear Activities
English, 97 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#14, ISBN: 92-64-14795-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/1996/future_financial_liabilities.PDF
This publication is the first comprehensive international review of the policies and schemes in place in NEA countries for recognising, reporting and funding financial liabilities arising from the operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The nuclear activities considered include uranium mining and milling, fuel-cycle service supply, power generation, reprocessing, waste management, research centres and isotope production.

Policy makers from governmental agencies and electricity utilities, in particular, will find results, conclusions and recommendations which will be useful to them given the current trend towards privatising and liberalising the electricity sector.
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Comparison of Evaluated Data for Chromium-52, Iron-56 and Nickel-58 [Volume 1]
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#172
Volume 1 of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume1/volume1.pdf
A Working Party on International Evaluation Co-operation was
established under the sponsorship of the OECD/NEA Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) to promote the exchange of information on nuclear data evaluations, validation, and related topics. Its aim is also to provide a framework for co-operative activities between members of the major nuclear data evaluation projects. This includes the possible exchange of scientists in order to encourage co-operation.

Requirements for experimental data resulting from this activity are
compiled. The Working Party determines common criteria for evaluated nuclear data files with a view to assessing and improving the quality and completeness of evaluated data.

The Parties to the project are: ENDF (United States), JEF/EFF (NEA Data Bank Member countries), and JENDL (Japan). Co-operation with evaluation projects of non-OECD countries are organised through the Nuclear Data Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

* NEA/WPEC-1: Comparison of evaluated data for chromium-52, iron-56 and nickel-58 (Volume 1)

* NEA/WPEC-2: Generation of covariance files for iron-56 and natural iron (Volume 2)

* NEA/WPEC-3: Actinide data in the thermal range (Volume 3)

* NEA/WPEC-5: Plutonium-239 fission cross-section between 1 and 100 keV (Volume 5)

* NEA/WPEC-15: Cross-section fluctuations and self-shielding
effects in the unresolved resonance region (Volume 15)
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Cross-section Fluctuations and Self-shielding Effects in the Unresolved Resonance Region [Volume 15]
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#176
Volume 15 of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume15/volume15.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Plutonium-239 Fission Cross-section Between 1 and 100 keV [Volume 5]
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#175
Volume 5 of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume5/volume5.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Actinide Data in the Thermal Energy Range [Volume 3]
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#174
Volume 3 of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume3/volume3.pdf
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International Evaluation Co-operation
Generation of Covariance Files for Iron-56 and Natural Iron [Volume 2]
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#173
Volume 2 of the series: International Evaluation Co-operation
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/wpec/volume2/volume2.pdf
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International INTRAVAL Project [The] - The Analyses of the Alligator Rivers Natural Analogue
Phase 2, Working Group 4 Report
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#247
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/intraval2wg4.pdf
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International INTRAVAL Project [The]- Finnsjön, Stripa and Wipp2
Phase 2, Working group 2 Report
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#249
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/intraval2wg2.pdf
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NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (The): The First Ten Years 1985-95
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#96
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/decommissioning.pdf
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Nuclear Waste Bulletin
Bilingual, published: 01/01/96
NEA#62
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin6.pdf
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Radioactive Waste Management in Perspective
English, 142 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#86, ISBN: 92-64-14692-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/1996/86-rwm-perpective.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Point sur la gestion des déchets radioactifs (Le) 
Radioactive waste management is often cited as the most important unresolved issue concerning nuclear energy but a broad scientific and technical consensus exists among specialists that all categories of radioactive waste can be managed and disposed of safely with current techniques, provided it is done in accordance with all regulatory requirements. Many stages of radioactive waste management, including the disposal of low-level and medium-level waste, have actually become routine industrial procedures. Strategies are also being developed to store and dispose of high-level, long-lived waste in deep geological repositories.

This clearly written, concise report is intended for the non-specialist reader interested in the situation of radioactive waste management in the OECD area, and in the current expert consensus on the subject. It explains the different principles and stages of radioactive waste management for each category of waste, and addresses issues of environmental protection, safety assessments, financing, public concerns and international co-operation. Annexes summarise the current national radioactive waste management programmes in OECD countries.
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Recycling and Reuse of Scrap Metals
A Report by a Task Group of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#149
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/recycling.pdf
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SMORN-VII
Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium on Surveillance and Diagnostics in Nuclear Reactors
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#217
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0217-smorn7.html
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Water, Gas and Solute Movement Through Argillaceous Media - A "Clay Club" Report
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#139
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/water.pdf

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Advanced Monte Carlo Computer Programs for Radiation Transport
Proceedings of a Seminar, Saclay, France, 27-29 April 1993
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#164, ISBN: 92-64-14376-9, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0164-carlo.pdf
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Binding Models Concerning Natural Organic Substances in Performance Assessment
Proceedings of an NEA/Paul Scherrer Institute Workshop Bad Zurzach, Switzerland, 14-16 September 1994
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#165, ISBN: 92-64-14527-3, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0165-binding.pdf
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Environmental and Ethical Aspects of Long-Lived Radioactive Waste Disposal
Proceedings of an International Workshop by the NEA and the Environment Directorate, Paris, France, 1-2 September 1994
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#120, ISBN: 92-64-14373-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/nea120-environmental-ethical-aspects.pdf
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Environmental and Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal (The)
A Collective Opinion of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#121
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/geodisp.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Fondements environnementaux et éthiques de l'évacuation géologique 
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Future Human Actions at Disposal Sites
A report of the NEA Working Group on Assessment of Future Human Actions at Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites
English, 72 pages, published: 12/31/95
NEA#6431, ISBN: 978-92-64-14372-2, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/nea6431-human-actions.pdf
The assessment of the long-term safety of radioactive waste repositories includes examining natural or human disruptive events and evaluating their impact. This report reviews the main issues raised by potential future human actions at disposal sites, presents a general framework for the quantitative assessment of such actions and discusses the means of reducing the associated risks.
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INEX 1 - An International Nuclear Emergency Exercise
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#101, ISBN: 92-64-14560-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1995/inex-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: INEX 1 - Exercice international d'urgence en cas d'accident nucléaire 
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Meaning and Application of the Concept of Potential Exposure (The)
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#228
General Distribution Document Number:
OCDE/GD(95)145
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1995/potential.pdf
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NEA Statute
Bilingual, published: 01/01/95
NEA#33
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/1995/nea-statute.pdf
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Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study - Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#211, ISBN: 92-64-14586-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/

Other language(s):
- Français: Législations nucléaires : Etude analytique - Cadre réglementaire et institutionnel des activités nucléaires 
Please note that this publication is no longer available. For the most recent information on nuclear legislation in OECD member countries, please visit the NEA website at www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation.
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Nuclear Legislation: Analytical Study - Regulatory and Institutional Framework for Nuclear Activities
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#152, ISBN: 92-64-14586-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation/

Other language(s):
- Français: Législations nucléaires : Etude analytique - Cadre réglementaire et institutionnel des activités nucléaires 
Please note that this publication is no longer available. For the most recent information on nuclear legislation in OECD member countries, please visit the NEA website at www.oecd-nea.org/law/legislation.
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Review of Nuclear Fuel Experimental Data - Fuel Behaviour Data Available from IFE/OECD Halden Project for Development and Validation of Computer Codes
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#197, ISBN: 92-64-14422-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0197-fuel.pdf
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Scientific Issues in Fuel Behaviour
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#213, ISBN: 92-64-14420-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0213-fuel-2.pdf
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Status Report on Inspection Philosophy, Inspection Organisation and Inspection Practices
NEA/CNRAR(94)3
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#239
General Distribution Document Number:
OCDE/GD(95)3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/1994/cnra-r1994-3.pdf

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ARAP - The International Alligator Rivers Analogue Project: Background and Results
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#115
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1994/arap.pdf
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Actinide and Fission Product Partitioning and Transmutation
Proceedings of the 3rd NEA International Information Exchange Meeting, Cadarache, France, 12-14 December 1994
English, 528 pages, published: 01/01/94
NEA#1448
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/trw/docs/cadarache94/nea.pdf
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Blind Intercomparison of Nuclear Models for Predicting Charged Particle Emission
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#166
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1993/nsc-doc93-4.pdf
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Economics of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle (The)
English, 177 pages, published: 01/01/94
NEA#386
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/efc/
This study updates the 1985 NEA report and presents a comprehensive analysis of the individual and total costs of the nuclear fuel cycle for a pressurised water reactor (PWR) to be commissioned in the year 2000 for both direct disposal and reprocessing routes. Sensitivity cases are discussed and fuel cycles of other reactor types are also considered.
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Intermediate Energy Nuclear Data: Models and Codes
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 30 May-1 June 1994
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#170, ISBN: 92-64-14278-9, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/iendsm94/
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International Code Comparison for Intermediate Energy Nuclear Data
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#171, ISBN: 92-64-04031-5, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1994/nsc-doc94-02.pdf
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JEF Report 13: JEF 2.2 Radioactive Decay Data
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#179
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-13.pdf
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JEF Report 14: Table of Simple Integral Neutron Cross-section Data from JEF-2.2, ENDF/B-VI, JENDL-3.2, BROND-2 and CENDL-2
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#180
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/nds_jefreports/jefreport-14.pdf
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Liability and Compensation for Nuclear Damage: An International Overview
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#78, ISBN: 92-64-14280-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/1994/78-liability-compensation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Responsabilité et réparation des dommages nucléaires : Une Perspective internationale 
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NEA Issue Briefs
Radiation Protection Overview: International Aspects and Perspective
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/94
NEA#42
Volume 10 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-10.html
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NJOY and THEMIS Nuclear Data
Proceedings of a Seminar Saclay, France, 7-8 April 1992
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#186
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0186-njoy.pdf
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Radiation Protection Today and Tomorrow
A Collective Opinion by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#113
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1994/rp.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Radioprotection aujourd'hui et demain (La) 
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Sensitivities of Calculated Cross-section of Fe56 to Model Parameters
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#233
General Distribution Document Number:
OCDE/GD(94)21
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1993/nsc-doc93-05.pdf
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Summary of the Work of the NEANDC Task Force on U-238
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#218
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1991/neandc1991-313-u.pdf

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Cost of High-Level Waste Disposal in Geological Repositories (The)
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Cost Estimates
English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#16, ISBN: 92-64-13913-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1992/nea16-cost-waste-disposal.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Coûts de l'évacuation des déchets hautement radioactifs dans des formations géologiques (Les) : Analyse des facteurs influant sur les estimations des coûts 
Many different estimates for the cost of radioactive waste disposal in geological repositories have been published. This study, aimed at the general reader, illustrates why the published cost estimates for packaging and geological disposal of spent fuel or reprocessing wastes vary so widely, and examines to what extent various political, institutional, technical and economic factors could explain the variation.

The study shows that despite the differences in the various systems being considered, there is a surprisingly good agreement between the estimates when compared to total electricity production costs.
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Evaluation and Processing of Covariance Data
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S.A., 7-9 October 1992
English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#167
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1993/nsc-doc93-3.pdf
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NEA Issue Briefs
Broad Impact of Nuclear Power
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/93
NEA#49
Volume 9 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-09.html
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NEA Issue Briefs
International Nuclear Third Party Liability [Rev. 1]
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/93
NEA#44
Volume 4 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-04-1.html
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PSACOIN Level "1B" Intercomparison: Biosphere Modelling
English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#135
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0135-psac1b.pdf
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PSACOIN Level "S" Intercomparison: Sensitivity Analysis
English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#134
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0134-psacs.pdf
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Projected costs of Generating Electricity - Update 1992
Joint Report of the OECD/NEA and the IEA
English, 192 pages, published: 01/01/93
NEA#8, ISBN: 92-64-14020-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/pubs/1993/proj-costs-electricity-1992.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Prévisions des coûts de production d'électricité - Mise à jour 1992 
This is the fourth in a series of comparative studies of projected baseload electricity generation costs for power plants to be commissioned near the turn of the century. This report reviews the cost data of nuclear, coal-fired, gas-fired and renewable sources provided by sixteen OECD countries and six non-OECD countries. Sensitivity studies are included and trends in cost projections in the past decade are also discussed.
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Results of LWR Core Transient Benchmarks
English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#196
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1993/nsc-doc93-25.pdf
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Strategic View on Nuclear Data Needs
English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#161
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/data-strategy.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Evaluation de l'ensemble des besoins en matière de données nucléaires 
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The Safety of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
English, 244 pages, published: 01/01/93
NEA#1187, ISBN: 92-64-13824-2, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/pubs/1993/safety_fuel_cycle_2ed.pdf

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Data Bank (The) - Putting Nuclear Data to Work
English, published: 01/01/92
NEA#159
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0159-databank.pdf
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Fission Product Nuclear Data
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Tokai, Japan, May 1992
English, published: 01/01/92
NEA#169
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1992/nsc-doc92-9.pdf
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NEA Issue Briefs
Probabilistic Safety Assessment: An Analytical Tool for Assessing Nuclear Safety
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/92
NEA#48
Volume 8 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-08.html
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Nuclear Data Standards for Nuclear Measurements - 1991 Nuclear Standards File
English, published: 01/01/92
NEA#187
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1991/neandc1991-311-u.pdf

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Advanced Modelling and Computer Codes for Calculating Local Scale and Meso-Scale Atmospheric Dispersion of Radionuclides and their Applications
Proceedings of the Specialists' Meeting 6-8 March 1991
English, published: 01/01/91
NEA#1887
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1887-atmos.pdf
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Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Can Long-Term Safety Be Evaluated?
An International Collective Opinion
Bilingual, published: 01/01/91
NEA#118
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1991/longterm.pdf
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In Core Instrumentation and Reactor Assessment
Proceedings of a Specialist' Meeting Pittsburg, USA, 1-4 October 1991
English, published: 01/01/91
NEA#1832
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1832-ic91.pdf
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Neutron Cross-section Standards for the Energy Region Above 20 MeV
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting, Uppsala, Sweden, May 1991
English, published: 01/01/91
NEA#182
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/1991/neandc1991-305-u.pdf
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Symposium on nuclear Reactor surveillance and Diagnostics - SMORN VI
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USA, 19-24 May 1991
English, published: 01/01/91
NEA#1838
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1838-smorn6.html

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NEA Issue Briefs
Small and Medium Reactors
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/90
NEA#47
Volume 7 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-07.html
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PSACOIN Level 1A Intercomparison
An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
English, published: 01/01/90
NEA#1888
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/psac1a.pdf
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Paris Convention: Decisions, Recommendations, Interpretations
English, published: 01/01/90
NEA#156
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/1990/156-paris-convention-decisions.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Convention de Paris : Décisions, recommandations, interprétations 

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NEA Issue Briefs
Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste (The)
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/89
NEA#43
Volume 3 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-03.html
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NEA Issue Briefs
Advanced Water Reactor Technology
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/89
NEA#45
Volume 5 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-05.html
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NEA Issue Briefs
Management of Low and Intermediate-level Radioactive Waste (The)
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/89
NEA#46
Volume 6 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-06.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Notes de synthèse de l'AEN 
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PSACOIN Level E Intercomparison
An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
English, published: 01/01/89
NEA#1892
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/psace.pdf
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Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy & Brussels Convention Supplementary to the Paris Convention (1989 Edition)
Bilingual, 83 pages, published: 01/01/89
NEA#154
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/law/pubs/1989/154-paris_third_party_brussels_conv.pdf
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Plutonium Fuel: An Assessment
Report by an Expert Group
English, 160 pages, published: 12/31/89
NEA#6519, ISBN: 978-92-64-13265-1, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/1989/nea6519-plutonium-fuel.pdf

Other language(s):
- : Le combustible au plutonium : une évaluation 

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In Core Instrumetation and Reactor Assessment
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Cadarache, France, 7-10 June 1988
English, published: 01/01/88
NEA#1831
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1831-ic88.pdf
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NEA Issue Briefs
Human Factor in Nuclear Power Plant Operations (The)
English, 4 pages, published: 01/01/88
NEA#41
Volume 2 of the series: NEA Issue briefs
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/brief/brief-02.html

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PSACOIN Level 0 Intercomparison
An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
English, published: 01/01/87
NEA#1891
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/psac0.pdf
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Reactor Noise - SMORN V
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Munich, FRG, 12-16 October 1987
English, published: 01/01/87
NEA#1837
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1837-smorn5.pdf

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Reactor Noise - SMORN IV
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Dijon, France, 15-19 October 1984
English, published: 01/01/84
NEA#1836
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1836-smorn4.pdf

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In Core Instrumentation and Reactor Assessment
Proceedings of a Secialists' Meeting Fredrikstad, Norway, 10-13 October 1983
English, published: 01/01/83
NEA#1829
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1829-ic83.pdf

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Nuclear Data and Benchmarks for Reactor Shielding
Proceedings of a Specialist' Meeting Paris, 27-29 October 1980
English, 421 pages, published: 01/01/81
NEA#1827, ISBN: 92-64-02118-3, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1827-rs80.pdf
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Reactor Noise - SMORN III
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Tokyo, Japan, 26-30 October 1981
English, published: 01/01/81
NEA#1835
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1835-smorn3.pdf

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Calculation of 3-Dimensional Rating Distributions in Operating Reactors
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Paris, 26-28 November 1979
English, published: 01/01/79
NEA#1828
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1828-3d79.pdf
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Exposure to Radiation from the Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials
Report by an NEA Group of Experts, May, 1979
English, 34 pages, published: 01/05/79
NEA#6711
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1979/exposure-to-radiation-1979.pdf

Other language(s):
- Bilingual: Surveillance du Radon Monitoring 

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Reactor Noise - SMORN II
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting Gatlinburg, Tennessee, USAm 19-23 September 1977
English, published: 01/01/77
NEA#1834
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1834-smorn2.pdf

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Reactor Noise - SMORN I
Proceedings of a Specialists' Meeting CSN Casaccia, Rome, Italy, 21-25 October 1974
English, published: 01/01/74
NEA#1833
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea1833-smorn1.pdf