Description
Shallow mineral resources include ores; metallic minerals such as copper and iron; non-metallic minerals such as salt and gypsum; sediments such as sand, clay, gravel and loam; and hard rocks. Exploitation of these resources at the surface and in the shallow subsurface may involve quarrying and opencast mining, or shallow underground mining.
Category
Category of FEP
Geosynthesis
Sub-category
Sub-category of FEP
Human-induced events (above host rock)
Ondraf Niras FEP Number
Ondraf Niras FEP Number
4
FEP Effects
Description of FEP Effects
Reduced overlying rock mass (extraction of material; removal of overburden). Collapse and subsidence of overburden. Changes in groundwater flow pattern.
Reference(s)
References Relevant to FEP
RD&D Plan ER-186_I1
NEA TN2 IFEP Reference(s)
Related IFEPs from the NEA TN2 List of Proposed IFEP Revisions [NEA/RWM/R(2013)8]
1.4.6 Mining and other underground activities. 1.4.8 Surface environment.