CCC-0427 WRAITH.

1. NAME OR DESIGNATION OF PROGRAM:  WRAITH.

3. DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM OR FUNCTION

WRAITH calculates the atmospheric transport of radioactive material to each of a number of downwind receptor points and the external and internal doses to a reference man at each of the receptor points.

4. METHOD OF SOLUTION

The movement of the released material through the atmosphere is calculated using a bivariate straight-line Gaussian distribution model with Pasquill values for standard deviations. The quantity of material in the released cloud is modified during its transit time to account for radioactive decay and daughter production. External doses due to exposure to the cloud can be calculated using a semi-infinite cloud approximation or a "finite plume" three-dimensional point-kernel numerical integration  technique. Internal doses due to acute inhalation are calculated using the ICRP Task Group Model and a four-segmented gastro- intestinal tract model. Translocation of the material between body compartments and retention in the body compartments are calculated using multiple exponential retention functions. Internal doses to each organ are calculated as sums of cross-organ doses with each target organ irradiated by radioactive material in a number of source organs. All doses are calculated in rads with separate values determined for high-LET and low-LET radiation.

5. RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM

Doses to only three  target organs (total body, red bone marrow, and the lungs) are considered and acute inhalation is the only pathway for material to  enter the body. The dose response model is not valid for high-LET radiation other than alphas. The high-LET calculation ignores the contributions of neutrons, spontaneous fission fragments, and alpha  recoil nuclei.

6. TYPICAL RUNNING TIME

No study has been made by RSIC of typical running times for WRAITH. A discussion of expensive, precise vs.
cheap, approximate calculations is provided in Appendox D of the referenced document.

7. UNUSUAL FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM:

8. RELATED AND AUXILIARY PROGRAMS:

10. REFERENCES:

- R.I. Scherpelz, F.J. Borst and G.R. Hoenes:
  WRAITH - A Computer Code for Calculating Internal and External
  Doses Resulting from an Atmospheric Release of Radioactive
  Material.  NUREG/CR-1690; PNL-3382  (August 1980)

11. MACHINE REQUIREMENTS

WRAITH is operable on the UNIVAC 1100/44 computer with interactive system.

13. OPERATING SYSTEM UNDER WHICH PROGRAM IS EXECUTED

A FORTRAN IV compiler is required.
Installation-dependent routines must be supplied for the following subroutines:
     SECOND    used to find the time of program execution
     DATE      used to find the date of the job run
     TIME      used to find the time of day of the job run
     BANRF     prints the banner on the title page.
Dummy routines could be substituted without affecting the calculations.

14. OTHER PROGRAMMING OR OPERATING INFORMATION OR RESTRICTIONS:

15. NAME AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHOR

Contributed by: Radiation Safety Information Computational Center
                Oak Ridge National Laboratory
                Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U. S. A.
Developed by:   Battelle-Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

File name	File description	Records
CCC0427_01.002	WRAITH INFORMATION	35
CCC0427_01.003	WRAITH JCL	40
CCC0427_01.004	WRAITH SOURCE PROGRAM (FORTRAN-4)	2894
CCC0427_01.005	NUCDAT DATA LIBRARY (FORMATTED)	306
CCC0427_01.006	ORGDAT DATA LIBRARY (FORMATTED)	2780
CCC0427_01.007	SFACTR DATA LIBRARY (FORMATTED)	871
CCC0427_01.008	WRAITH TEST CASE INPUT FOR RUN1	8
CCC0427_01.009	WRAITH TEST CASE INPUT FOR RUN2	24
CCC0427_01.010	WRAITH TEST CASE OUTPUT (UNIT 15) OF RUN1	1206
CCC0427_01.011	WRAITH TEST CASE OUTPUT (UNIT 15) OF RUN1	2139
CCC0427_01.012	WRAITH TEST CASE OUTPUT (UNIT 6) OF RUN1	178
CCC0427_01.013	WRAITH TEST CASE OUTPUT (UNIT 6) OF RUN2	198