NEA-1857 PHITS-2.24.
PHITS-2.24, Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System
NAME OR DESIGNATION OF PROGRAM, COMPUTER, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM OR FUNCTION, METHODS, RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM, TYPICAL RUNNING TIME, RELATED OR AUXILIARY PROGRAMS, STATUS, REFERENCES, HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS, LANGUAGE, SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS, OTHER RESTRICTIONS, NAME AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORS, MATERIAL, CATEGORIES
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| Program name | Package id | Status | Status date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHITS-2.24 | NEA-1857/01 | Tested | 29-MAR-2011 |
Machines used:
| Package ID | Orig. computer | Test computer |
|---|---|---|
| NEA-1857/01 | Linux-based PC,PC Windows,UNIX W.S. | Linux-based PC |
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3. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM OR FUNCTION
PHITS2 can deal with the transport of all particles (nucleons, nuclei, mesons, photons, and electrons) over wide energy ranges, using several nuclear reaction models and nuclear data libraries (Iwase et al 2002, Niita et al 2006, Sihver et al 2010 and Niita et al 2010). Geometrical configuration of the simulation can be set with GG (General Geometry) or CG (Combinatorial Geometry). Various quantities such as heat deposition, track length and production yields can be deduced from the simulation, using implemented estimator functions called "tally". The code also has a function to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries, using a code ANGEL.
The physical processes included in PHITS2 can be divided into two categories, transport process and collision process. In the transport process, PHITS2 can simulate motion of particles under external fields such as magnetic and gravity. Without the external fields, neutral particles move along a straight trajectory with constant energy up to the next collision point. However, charge particles interact many times with electrons in the material losing energy and changing direction. PHITS2 treats ionization processes not as collision but as a transport process, using the continuous-slowing-down approximation. The average stopping power is given by the charge density of the material and the momentum of the particle taking into account the fluctuations of the energy loss and the angular deviation.
In the collision process, PHITS2 can simulate the elastic and inelastic interactions as well as decay of particles. The total reaction cross section, or the life time of the particle is an essential quantity in the determination of the mean free path of the transport particle. According to the mean free path, PHITS2 chooses the next collision point using the Monte Carlo method. To generate the secondary particles of the collision, we need the information of the final states of the collision. For neutron induced reactions in low energy region, PHITS2 employs the cross sections from evaluated nuclear data libraries. For high energy neutrons and other particles, we have incorporated two models, JAM (Nara et al 1999) and JQMD (Niita et al 1995) to simulate the particle induced reactions up to 200 GeV and the nucleus-nucleus collisions, respectively.
The special features of PHITS2 are the event generator mode (Iwamoto et al 2007) and the microdosimetric function (Sato et al 2009). Owing to the event generator mode, PHITS2 can determine the profiles of all secondary particles generated from a single nuclear interaction even using nuclear data libraries, taking the momentum and energy conservations into account. The microdosimetric function gives the probability densities of deposition energy in microscopic sites such as lineal energy y and specific energy z, using the mathematical model developed based on the results of the track structure simulation. These features are very important for various purposes such as the estimations of soft-error rates of semi-conductor devices induced by neutrons, and relative biological effectiveness of charged particles.
PHITS2 can deal with the transport of all particles (nucleons, nuclei, mesons, photons, and electrons) over wide energy ranges, using several nuclear reaction models and nuclear data libraries (Iwase et al 2002, Niita et al 2006, Sihver et al 2010 and Niita et al 2010). Geometrical configuration of the simulation can be set with GG (General Geometry) or CG (Combinatorial Geometry). Various quantities such as heat deposition, track length and production yields can be deduced from the simulation, using implemented estimator functions called "tally". The code also has a function to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries, using a code ANGEL.
The physical processes included in PHITS2 can be divided into two categories, transport process and collision process. In the transport process, PHITS2 can simulate motion of particles under external fields such as magnetic and gravity. Without the external fields, neutral particles move along a straight trajectory with constant energy up to the next collision point. However, charge particles interact many times with electrons in the material losing energy and changing direction. PHITS2 treats ionization processes not as collision but as a transport process, using the continuous-slowing-down approximation. The average stopping power is given by the charge density of the material and the momentum of the particle taking into account the fluctuations of the energy loss and the angular deviation.
In the collision process, PHITS2 can simulate the elastic and inelastic interactions as well as decay of particles. The total reaction cross section, or the life time of the particle is an essential quantity in the determination of the mean free path of the transport particle. According to the mean free path, PHITS2 chooses the next collision point using the Monte Carlo method. To generate the secondary particles of the collision, we need the information of the final states of the collision. For neutron induced reactions in low energy region, PHITS2 employs the cross sections from evaluated nuclear data libraries. For high energy neutrons and other particles, we have incorporated two models, JAM (Nara et al 1999) and JQMD (Niita et al 1995) to simulate the particle induced reactions up to 200 GeV and the nucleus-nucleus collisions, respectively.
The special features of PHITS2 are the event generator mode (Iwamoto et al 2007) and the microdosimetric function (Sato et al 2009). Owing to the event generator mode, PHITS2 can determine the profiles of all secondary particles generated from a single nuclear interaction even using nuclear data libraries, taking the momentum and energy conservations into account. The microdosimetric function gives the probability densities of deposition energy in microscopic sites such as lineal energy y and specific energy z, using the mathematical model developed based on the results of the track structure simulation. These features are very important for various purposes such as the estimations of soft-error rates of semi-conductor devices induced by neutrons, and relative biological effectiveness of charged particles.
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5. RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM
PHITS2 cannot be used for microscopic track-structure simulation, since PHITS2 adopts the continuous-slowing-down approximation for the ionization process of charged particle. The electron, positron and photon transport functions are available only when users obtained the data libraries for those particles by themselves, i.e. electron, positron and photon data libraries are not included in this package. The lepton induced nuclear reactions are disregarded except for the giant resonance induced by low-energy photon.
PHITS2 cannot be used for microscopic track-structure simulation, since PHITS2 adopts the continuous-slowing-down approximation for the ionization process of charged particle. The electron, positron and photon transport functions are available only when users obtained the data libraries for those particles by themselves, i.e. electron, positron and photon data libraries are not included in this package. The lepton induced nuclear reactions are disregarded except for the giant resonance induced by low-energy photon.
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8. RELATED OR AUXILIARY PROGRAMS
The distribution package includes:
PHITS Station: JAVA application for executing PHITS2 on Windows PC.
ANGEL: graphic software to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries.
FSXLIB-J40: point-wise neutron reaction cross section data library (E<20MeV) in the Ace format based on Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library version 4 (JENDL-4).
The distribution package includes:
PHITS Station: JAVA application for executing PHITS2 on Windows PC.
ANGEL: graphic software to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries.
FSXLIB-J40: point-wise neutron reaction cross section data library (E<20MeV) in the Ace format based on Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library version 4 (JENDL-4).
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10. REFERENCES
- Y. Iwamoto, K. Niita, Y. Sakamoto, T. Sato and N. Matsuda: "Validation of the event generator mode in the PHITS code and its application" International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2007, DOI: 10.1051/ndata:07417 (2007)
- H. Iwase, K. Niita, T. Nakamura: "Development of general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code", J. Nucl. Sci. and Technol. 39, 1142 (2002).
- Y. Nara, N. Otuka, A. Ohnishi, K. Niita, S. Chiba: "Relativistic nuclear collisions at 10A GeV energies from p+Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model", Phys. Rev. C61, 024901 (1999).
- K. Niita, T. Sato, H. Iwase, H. Nose, H. Nakashima, L. Sihver: "PHITS- a particle and heavy ion transport code system", Radiation Measurements 41, 1080 (2006).
- K. Niita, S. Chiba, T. Maruyama, H. Takada, T. Fukahori, Y. Nakahara and A. Iwamoto: "Analysis of the (N,xN') reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model", Phys. Rev. C 52, 2620 (1995)
- T. Sato, Y. Kase, R. Watanabe, K. Niita and L. Sihver: "Biological dose estimation for charged-particle therapy using an improved PHITS code coupled with a microdosimetric kinetic model", Radiat. Res. 171, 107-117 (2009)
- L. Sihver, T. Sato, K. Gustafsson, D. Mancusi, H. Iwase, K. Niita, H. Nakashima, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Iwamoto and N. Matsuda: "An update about recent developments of the PHITS code" Adv. Space Res. 45, 892-899 (2010).
- K. Shibata, O. Iwamoto, T. Nakagawa, N. Iwamoto, A. Ichihara, S. Kunieda, S. Chiba, K. Furutaka, N. Otuka, T. Ohsawa, H. Matsunobu, A. Zukeran, S. Kamada and J. Katakura: "JENDL-4.0: A New Library for Nuclear Science and Engineering", to be published to J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.
- K. Okumura et.al. "The Libraries FSXLIB and MATXSLIB based on JENDL-4.0" tobe appeared in JAEA-Data/Code (2010).
- Y. Iwamoto, K. Niita, Y. Sakamoto, T. Sato and N. Matsuda: "Validation of the event generator mode in the PHITS code and its application" International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2007, DOI: 10.1051/ndata:07417 (2007)
- H. Iwase, K. Niita, T. Nakamura: "Development of general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code", J. Nucl. Sci. and Technol. 39, 1142 (2002).
- Y. Nara, N. Otuka, A. Ohnishi, K. Niita, S. Chiba: "Relativistic nuclear collisions at 10A GeV energies from p+Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model", Phys. Rev. C61, 024901 (1999).
- K. Niita, T. Sato, H. Iwase, H. Nose, H. Nakashima, L. Sihver: "PHITS- a particle and heavy ion transport code system", Radiation Measurements 41, 1080 (2006).
- K. Niita, S. Chiba, T. Maruyama, H. Takada, T. Fukahori, Y. Nakahara and A. Iwamoto: "Analysis of the (N,xN') reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model", Phys. Rev. C 52, 2620 (1995)
- T. Sato, Y. Kase, R. Watanabe, K. Niita and L. Sihver: "Biological dose estimation for charged-particle therapy using an improved PHITS code coupled with a microdosimetric kinetic model", Radiat. Res. 171, 107-117 (2009)
- L. Sihver, T. Sato, K. Gustafsson, D. Mancusi, H. Iwase, K. Niita, H. Nakashima, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Iwamoto and N. Matsuda: "An update about recent developments of the PHITS code" Adv. Space Res. 45, 892-899 (2010).
- K. Shibata, O. Iwamoto, T. Nakagawa, N. Iwamoto, A. Ichihara, S. Kunieda, S. Chiba, K. Furutaka, N. Otuka, T. Ohsawa, H. Matsunobu, A. Zukeran, S. Kamada and J. Katakura: "JENDL-4.0: A New Library for Nuclear Science and Engineering", to be published to J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.
- K. Okumura et.al. "The Libraries FSXLIB and MATXSLIB based on JENDL-4.0" tobe appeared in JAEA-Data/Code (2010).
NEA-1857/01, included references:
- Koji Niita, Norihiro Matsuda, Yosuke Iwamoto, Hiroshi Iwase, Tatsuhiko Sato,Hiroshi Nakashima,Yukio Sakamoto And Lembit Sihver:
PHITS: Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, Version 2.23 (October 4,
2010, JAEA-Data/Code 2010-022)
- Koji Niita:
ANGEL Ver. 4.31 User's Manual
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NEA-1857/01
At the NEA DB, PHITS-2.24L was tested on:- COMPUTER: Dell w710 w/ Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU L5520 @ 2.27GHz (For LINUX)
- OPERATING SYSTEM: Linux under Dell w710
- COMPILER: gnu g77 compiler (linux)
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13. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Operating system should be Windows (XP or higher) or Linux.
For executing PHITS2 on Windows PC, an executable file (PHITS_c.exe) and JAVA control application (PHITSStation.jar) are included in this package. For Linux, users must compile the program using "make" command. Various FORTRAN compilers such as f77, g77, gfortran and ifort can be used for the compile. PHITS2 can be also executed in parallel computers using the MPI system.
Operating system should be Windows (XP or higher) or Linux.
For executing PHITS2 on Windows PC, an executable file (PHITS_c.exe) and JAVA control application (PHITSStation.jar) are included in this package. For Linux, users must compile the program using "make" command. Various FORTRAN compilers such as f77, g77, gfortran and ifort can be used for the compile. PHITS2 can be also executed in parallel computers using the MPI system.
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15. NAME AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORS
Koji Niita
Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Norihiro Matsuda, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Sato, Hiroshi Nakashima, Yukio Sakamoto, Satoshi Chiba, Tokio Fukahori and Keisuke Okumura
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Hiroshi Iwase
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Lembit Sihver
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Koji Niita
Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Norihiro Matsuda, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Sato, Hiroshi Nakashima, Yukio Sakamoto, Satoshi Chiba, Tokio Fukahori and Keisuke Okumura
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Hiroshi Iwase
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Lembit Sihver
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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NEA-1857/01
read.me.phits224L.engl : Readme file in Englishread.me.phits224L.sjis : Readme file in Japanese
bin/ angel4.bat : Windows angel batch file
angel4.sh : UNIX angel shell
angel_c.exe : Windows angel executable file
dump_a.exe : Windows dump executable file
phits.bat : Windows phits batch file
phits_c.exe : Windows phits executable file
data/ trxcrd.dat : data for gamma decay
GDRxsec.inp : data for photonuclear reaction in GDR region
xsdir.jnd : nuclear data library file
doc/ manual-phits2e.pdf : phits manual
manual-angel4e.pdf : angel manual (There is no change in users' manual
for Ver.2.24 compared with JAEA-Data/Code 2010-022.)
manual-phits2e.pdf : phits manual in Japanese
manual-angel4e.pdf : angel manual in Japanese
example/example01.in : sample input file without nuclear data
example02.in : sample input file with nuclear data
ans-example/ : output files
src/ source files, include files, makefile
dump-a.f, dump program
XS/ evaluated nuclear data for neutrons (JENDL-4.0)
fxsj40a1 : nuclear data file in ACE format
Keywords: Monte Carlo method, heavy ions, nuclear data, nuclear reactions, particle transport.