NEA-1857 PHITS-2.52.
PHITS-2.52, Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System
NAME OR DESIGNATION OF PROGRAM, COMPUTER, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM OR FUNCTION, METHODS, RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM, TYPICAL RUNNING TIME, RELATED OR AUXILIARY PROGRAMS, STATUS, REFERENCES, HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS, LANGUAGE, SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS, NAME AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORS, MATERIAL, CATEGORIES
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| Program name | Package id | Status | Status date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PHITS-2.52 | NEA-1857/02 | Arrived | 18-FEB-2013 |
Machines used:
| Package ID | Orig. computer | Test computer |
|---|---|---|
| NEA-1857/02 | Linux-based PC,PC Windows,UNIX W.S. |
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3. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM OR FUNCTION
PHITS can deal with the transport of almost all particles (nucleons, nuclei, mesons, photons, and electrons) over wide energy ranges, using several nuclear reaction models and nuclear data libraries (Iwase et al 2002, Niita et al 2006, Sihver et al 2010 and Niita et al 2010). Geometrical configuration of the simulation can be set with GG (General Geometry) or CG (Combinatorial Geometry). Various quantities such as heat deposition, track length and production yields can be deduced from the simulation, using implemented estimator functions called "tally". The code also has a function to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries, using a code ANGEL.
The physical processes included in PHITS can be divided into two categories, transport process and collision process. In the transport process, PHITS can simulate motion of particles under external fields such as magnetic and gravity. Without the external fields, neutral particles move along a straight trajectory with constant energy up to the next collision point. However, charge particles interact many times with electrons in the material losing energy and changing direction. PHITS treats ionization processes not as collision but as a transport process, using the continuous-slowing-down approximation. The average stopping power is given by the charge density of the material and the momentum of the particle taking into account the fluctuations of the energy loss and the angular deviation.
In the collision process, PHITS can simulate the elastic and inelastic interactions as well as decay of particles. The total reaction cross section, or the life time of the particle is an essential quantity in the determination of the mean free path of the transport particle. According to the mean free path, PHITS chooses the next collision point using the Monte Carlo method. To generate the secondary particles of the collision, we need the information of the final states of the collision. For neutron induced reactions in low energy region, PHITS employs the cross sections from evaluated nuclear data libraries JENDL-4.0 (Shibata et al 2011). For high energy neutrons and other particles, we have incorporated several models such as JAM (Nara et al 1999), INCL (Cugnon et al 2011), INCL-ELF (Sawada et al 2012) and JQMD (Niita et al 1995) to simulate nuclear reactions up to 100 GeV/u.
The special features of PHITS are the event generator mode (Iwamoto et al 2007) and the microdosimetric function (Sato et al 2009). Owing to the event generator mode, PHITS can determine the profiles of all secondary particles generated from a single nuclear interaction even using nuclear data libraries, taking the momentum and energy conservations into account. The microdosimetric function gives the probability densities of deposition energy in microscopic sites such as lineal energy y and specific energy z, using the mathematical model developed based on the results of the track structure simulation. These features are very important for various purposes such as the estimations of soft-error rates of semi-conductor devices induced by neutrons, and relative biological effectiveness of charged particles.
PHITS can deal with the transport of almost all particles (nucleons, nuclei, mesons, photons, and electrons) over wide energy ranges, using several nuclear reaction models and nuclear data libraries (Iwase et al 2002, Niita et al 2006, Sihver et al 2010 and Niita et al 2010). Geometrical configuration of the simulation can be set with GG (General Geometry) or CG (Combinatorial Geometry). Various quantities such as heat deposition, track length and production yields can be deduced from the simulation, using implemented estimator functions called "tally". The code also has a function to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries, using a code ANGEL.
The physical processes included in PHITS can be divided into two categories, transport process and collision process. In the transport process, PHITS can simulate motion of particles under external fields such as magnetic and gravity. Without the external fields, neutral particles move along a straight trajectory with constant energy up to the next collision point. However, charge particles interact many times with electrons in the material losing energy and changing direction. PHITS treats ionization processes not as collision but as a transport process, using the continuous-slowing-down approximation. The average stopping power is given by the charge density of the material and the momentum of the particle taking into account the fluctuations of the energy loss and the angular deviation.
In the collision process, PHITS can simulate the elastic and inelastic interactions as well as decay of particles. The total reaction cross section, or the life time of the particle is an essential quantity in the determination of the mean free path of the transport particle. According to the mean free path, PHITS chooses the next collision point using the Monte Carlo method. To generate the secondary particles of the collision, we need the information of the final states of the collision. For neutron induced reactions in low energy region, PHITS employs the cross sections from evaluated nuclear data libraries JENDL-4.0 (Shibata et al 2011). For high energy neutrons and other particles, we have incorporated several models such as JAM (Nara et al 1999), INCL (Cugnon et al 2011), INCL-ELF (Sawada et al 2012) and JQMD (Niita et al 1995) to simulate nuclear reactions up to 100 GeV/u.
The special features of PHITS are the event generator mode (Iwamoto et al 2007) and the microdosimetric function (Sato et al 2009). Owing to the event generator mode, PHITS can determine the profiles of all secondary particles generated from a single nuclear interaction even using nuclear data libraries, taking the momentum and energy conservations into account. The microdosimetric function gives the probability densities of deposition energy in microscopic sites such as lineal energy y and specific energy z, using the mathematical model developed based on the results of the track structure simulation. These features are very important for various purposes such as the estimations of soft-error rates of semi-conductor devices induced by neutrons, and relative biological effectiveness of charged particles.
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5. RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM
PHITS cannot be used for microscopic track-structure simulation, since PHITS adopts the continuous- slowing-down approximation for the ionization process of charged particle. The lepton induced nuclear reactions are disregarded except for the giant resonance induced by low-energy photon.
PHITS cannot be used for microscopic track-structure simulation, since PHITS adopts the continuous- slowing-down approximation for the ionization process of charged particle. The lepton induced nuclear reactions are disregarded except for the giant resonance induced by low-energy photon.
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8. RELATED OR AUXILIARY PROGRAMS
The distribution package includes:
- ANGEL: graphic software to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries.
- Cross section data libraries: Neutron nuclear data library and photo- and electro-atomic data libraries evaluated mainly based on Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library version 4 (JENDL-4.0).
- DCHAIN-SP: Program for calculating the time dependence of activation during and after irradiations
The distribution package includes:
- ANGEL: graphic software to draw 2D and 3D figures of the calculated results as well as the setup geometries.
- Cross section data libraries: Neutron nuclear data library and photo- and electro-atomic data libraries evaluated mainly based on Japanese Evaluated Nuclear Data Library version 4 (JENDL-4.0).
- DCHAIN-SP: Program for calculating the time dependence of activation during and after irradiations
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10. REFERENCES
- Y. Iwamoto, K. Niita, Y. Sakamoto, T. Sato and N. Matsuda: "Validation of the event generator mode in the PHITS code and its application" International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2007, DOI: 10.1051/ndata:07417 (2007)
- H. Iwase, K. Niita, T. Nakamura: "Development of general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code", J. Nucl. Sci. and Technol. 39, 1142 (2002).
- Y. Nara, N. Otuka, A. Ohnishi, K. Niita, S. Chiba: "Relativistic nuclear collisions at 10A GeV energies from p+Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model", Phys. Rev. C61, 024901 (1999).
- J. Cugnon, A. Boudard, S. Leray, and D. Mancusi: "New Features of the INCL4 Model for Spallation Reactions", J. Korean Phys. Soc. 59, 955-958 (2011).
- Y. Sawada, Y. Uozumi, S. Nogamine, T. Yamada, Y. Iwamoto, T. Sato and K. Niita: "Intranuclear cascade with emission of light fragment code implemented in the transport code system PHITS", Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 291, 38-44 (2012).
- K. Niita, T. Sato, H. Iwase, H. Nose, H. Nakashima, L. Sihver: "PHITS- a particle and heavy ion transport code system", Radiation Measurements 41, 1080 (2006).
- K. Niita, S. Chiba, T. Maruyama, H. Takada, T. Fukahori, Y. Nakahara and A. Iwamoto: "Analysis of the (N,Xn') reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model", Phys. Rev. C 52, 2620 (1995)
- T. Sato, Y. Kase, R. Watanabe, K. Niita and L. Sihver: "Biological dose estimation for charged-particle therapy using an improved PHITS code coupled with a microdosimetric kinetic model", Radiat. Res. 171, 107-117 (2009)
- L. Sihver, T. Sato, K. Gustafsson, D. Mancusi, H. Iwase, K. Niita, H. Nakashima, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Iwamoto and N. Matsuda: "An update about recent developments of the PHITS code" Adv. Space Res. 45, 892-899 (2010).
- K. Shibata, O. Iwamoto, T. Nakagawa, N. Iwamoto, A. Ichihara, S. Kunieda, S. Chiba, K. Furutaka, N. Otuka, T. Ohsawa, H. Matsunobu, A. Zukeran, S. Kamada and J. Katakura: "JENDL-4.0: A New Library for Nuclear Science and Engineering", J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 48, 1-30 (2011).
- Y. Iwamoto, K. Niita, Y. Sakamoto, T. Sato and N. Matsuda: "Validation of the event generator mode in the PHITS code and its application" International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2007, DOI: 10.1051/ndata:07417 (2007)
- H. Iwase, K. Niita, T. Nakamura: "Development of general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code", J. Nucl. Sci. and Technol. 39, 1142 (2002).
- Y. Nara, N. Otuka, A. Ohnishi, K. Niita, S. Chiba: "Relativistic nuclear collisions at 10A GeV energies from p+Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model", Phys. Rev. C61, 024901 (1999).
- J. Cugnon, A. Boudard, S. Leray, and D. Mancusi: "New Features of the INCL4 Model for Spallation Reactions", J. Korean Phys. Soc. 59, 955-958 (2011).
- Y. Sawada, Y. Uozumi, S. Nogamine, T. Yamada, Y. Iwamoto, T. Sato and K. Niita: "Intranuclear cascade with emission of light fragment code implemented in the transport code system PHITS", Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 291, 38-44 (2012).
- K. Niita, T. Sato, H. Iwase, H. Nose, H. Nakashima, L. Sihver: "PHITS- a particle and heavy ion transport code system", Radiation Measurements 41, 1080 (2006).
- K. Niita, S. Chiba, T. Maruyama, H. Takada, T. Fukahori, Y. Nakahara and A. Iwamoto: "Analysis of the (N,Xn') reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model", Phys. Rev. C 52, 2620 (1995)
- T. Sato, Y. Kase, R. Watanabe, K. Niita and L. Sihver: "Biological dose estimation for charged-particle therapy using an improved PHITS code coupled with a microdosimetric kinetic model", Radiat. Res. 171, 107-117 (2009)
- L. Sihver, T. Sato, K. Gustafsson, D. Mancusi, H. Iwase, K. Niita, H. Nakashima, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Iwamoto and N. Matsuda: "An update about recent developments of the PHITS code" Adv. Space Res. 45, 892-899 (2010).
- K. Shibata, O. Iwamoto, T. Nakagawa, N. Iwamoto, A. Ichihara, S. Kunieda, S. Chiba, K. Furutaka, N. Otuka, T. Ohsawa, H. Matsunobu, A. Zukeran, S. Kamada and J. Katakura: "JENDL-4.0: A New Library for Nuclear Science and Engineering", J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 48, 1-30 (2011).
NEA-1857/02, included references:
- Koji Niita, Norihiro Matsuda, Yosuke Iwamoto, Hiroshi Iwase, Tatsuhiko Sato,Hiroshi Nakashima,Yukio Sakamoto And Lembit Sihver:
PHITS: Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, Version 2.23 (October 4,
2010, JAEA-Data/Code 2010-022)
- PHITS Ver. 2.52 User's Manual
- ANGEL Ver. 4.31 User's Manual
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15. NAME AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORS
Koji Niita
Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Norihiro Matsuda, Shintaro Hashimoto, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Sato, Shusaku Noda, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Hiroshi Nakashima, Tokio Fukahori, Keisuke Okumura and Tetsuya Kai
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Hiroshi Iwase
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Takuya Furuta
RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
Satoshi Chiba
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Lembit Sihver
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Koji Niita
Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Norihiro Matsuda, Shintaro Hashimoto, Yosuke Iwamoto, Tatsuhiko Sato, Shusaku Noda, Tatsuhiko Ogawa, Hiroshi Nakashima, Tokio Fukahori, Keisuke Okumura and Tetsuya Kai
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Hiroshi Iwase
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Takuya Furuta
RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
Satoshi Chiba
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Lembit Sihver
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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NEA-1857/02
readme-jpn.txt : Instruction in Japanesereadme-eng.txt : Instruction in English
setup-jpn.vbs : Setup file for Windows in Japanese
setup-eng.vbs : Setup file for Windows in English
uninstall-jpn.vbs : Uninstaller for Windows in Japanese
uninstall-eng.vbs : Uninstaller for Windows in English
mac folder : Setup folder for Mac
phits.zip contains:
/phits
/bin : binary files and shell scripts
--- angel.bat : ANGEL batch file (its short-cut is created in sendto folder)
--- angel.shl : ANGEL shell script for UNIX/LINUX
--- angel_mac.exe : ANGEL executable file for Mac
--- angel_win.exe : ANGEL executable file for Windows
--- bin.sln : Solution file for MS visual studio 2005
--- libiomp5md.dll : Dynamic Link Library for Openmp Program Execution
--- phits.bat : PHITS batch file (its short-cut is created in sendto folder)
--- phits.shl : PHITS shell script for UNIX/LINUX
--- phits230_mac.exe : PHITS2.30 executable file for Mac
--- phits230_win.exe : PHITS2.30 executable file for Windows
--- phits252_mac.exe : PHITS2.52 executable file for Mac
--- phits252_win.exe : PHITS2.52 executable file for Windows
--- phits252_mac_openmp.exe : PHITS2.52 Openmp-version for Mac
--- phits252_win_openmp.exe : PHITS2.52 Openmp-version for Windows
--- phits-egs5_mac.exe : PHITS-EGS5 beta-version for Mac
--- phits-egs5_win.exe : PHITS-EGS5 beta-version for Windows
--- phits-intel.vfproj : Project file for Intel Fortran used in bin.sln
/data : data files for PHITS
--- GDRxsec.inp : cross-section database for GDR (file(19),
not used after PHITS2.50)
--- material.dat : sample input for [material] section
--- trxcrd.dat : database for gamma-decay, used for igamma = 1 (file(14))
--- xsdir.jnd : table of contents for nuclear & atomic data lib.(file(7))
/dchain-sp : folder for DCHAIN-SP
--- /bin : binary files for DCHAIN-SP
|--- bin.sln : Solution file for MS visual studio 2005
|--- bin.vfproj : Project file for Intel Fortran used in bin.sln
|--- dchain_win.exe : DCHAIN-SP executable file for Windows
|--- dchain_mac.exe : DCHAIN-SP executable file for Mac
|--- dchain.bat : DCHAIN-SP batch file (its short-cut is created in
sendto folder)
|--- dchain.sh : DCHAIN-SP shell script for UNIX/LINUX
--- /data : folder for containing databases used in executing DCHAIN-SP
--- /manual : folder for manuals and documents of DCHAIN
--- /src: folder for source files of DCHAIN
/document : document files for PHITS
--- JAEA-DataCode-2010-022.pdf : Official reference of PHITS
--- phits250-upgrade-jp.ppt : Upgrade information on PHITS 2.50 in Japanese
--- phits252-upgrade-jp.doc : Upgrade information on PHITS 2.52 in Japanese
--- update_log-eng.txt : Update log of PHITS in English
--- update_log-jpn.txt : Update log of PHITS in Japanese
/lecture
--- phits-introduction-jp.ppt : introduction of PHITS in Japanese
--- phits-introduction-en.ppt : introduction of PHITS in English
--- phits-conference-en.ppt : PHITS tutorial at conference in English
---/exercise1 : ppt & sample answer for exercise1
---/homework : sample input files for homework
---/lec01 : ppt & input files for lecture 01 (General, Geometry)
---/lec02 : ppt & input files for lecture 02 (Tally)
---/lec03 : ppt & input files for lecture 03 (Parameters)
---/options : ppt & input files for options
---/voxel : ppt & related files for voxel phantom
---/weight : ppt & input files for weight control methods
---/old-lecture : files used in former PHITS lectures
/manual : folder for manuals of PHITS and ANGEL
-- manualE-angel4.pdf : English manual for ANGEL4
-- manualE-phits.pdf : English manual for PHITS
-- manualJ-angel4.pdf : Japanese manual for ANGEL4
-- manualJ-phits.pdf : Japanese manual for PHITS
--/old-version : old-version PHITS manuals
/recommendation : sample inputs and outputs with recommended setting
/src : source files for PHITS
/utility : instructions for how to use utilities related to PHITS
/XS : nuclear and atomic data libraries
--- /egs : Database for EGS5
--- /ele : EEDL-based atomic data library for electrons in ACE format
--- /neu : JENDL-4.0 nuclear data library for neutrons in ACE format
--- /pho : JENDL-4.0 atomic data library for photons in ACE format
--- /tsl : JENDL-4.0 S(a,b) data library
--- /xdir : Table of contents (xsdir file) for each library
Keywords: Monte Carlo method, heavy ions, nuclear data, nuclear reactions, particle transport.