Worldwide consensus exists within the international community that geological repositories can provide the necessary long-term safety and security to isolate long-lived radioactive waste from the human environment over long timescales. Such repositories are also feasible to construct using current technologies. However, proving the technical merits and safety of repositories, while satisfying societal and political requirements, has been a challenge in many countries.
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, the United States Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency co-organised a forum for discussion with the aim of developing a strategy for addressing this challenge through international co-operation. At the International Roundtable meetings, policymakers from 15 countries and the International Atomic Energy Agency gathered and shared knowledge about public understanding and technological development related to final disposal.
This report is a summary of the discussions held and experiences shared during the two sessions of the International Roundtable on Final Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel, held on 14 October 2019 and 7 February 2020 in Paris, France.

top

Management and Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste: Global Progress and Solutions

English, published: 06/29/20
NEA#7532
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_32567/management-and-disposal-of-high-level-radioactive-waste-global-progress-and-solutions

Radioactive waste results from many different activities in health care, industry, research, and power production. All such waste must be managed safely, with the protection of human health and the environment as the highest priority. After decades of research, the international scientific community is now confident that placing high level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories (DGRs) is both safe and effective.

The government of each country has the absolute right and responsibility to implement the energy and environmental policies it believes are best. In the case of the disposal of radioactive waste, it is paramount that these debates should be informed by objective facts. This report therefore aims to provide the general reader with the current state of knowledge with regards to the management of high level radioactive waste in DGRs.

top

Two Decades of Safety Case Development: IGSC 20th Anniversary Brochure

English, published: 12/21/20
NEA#7559
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orghttps://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_52665/two-decades-of-safety-case-development-an-igsc-20th-anniversary-brochure?details=true

top

Two decades of Safety Case Development: An IGSC 20th Anniversary Brochure

, published: 12/02/20
NEA#7562
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_52665/two-decades-of-safety-case-development-an-igsc-20th-anniversary-brochure?details=true

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning

English, published: 05/27/19
NEA#7460
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7460-cost-benchmark-decom.pdf

The nuclear sector has in recent years been placing increasing attention on the need to better
understand variations between cost estimates for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, as well
as the relationship between estimated and actual costs, and the apparent escalation of these costs.
Building on previous work by the Nuclear Energy Agency, Cost Benchmarking for Nuclear Power Plant
Decommissioning examines approaches and methods for the benchmarking of nuclear power plant
decommissioning costs. Particular focus is given to identifying key factors, drivers and constraints to
implementing cost benchmarking. These factors are addressed from a broad range of perspectives in
order to develop a roadmap for implementation that will garner sufficiently broad support from a wide
base of interested stakeholders. The report also identifies a number of perceived barriers that may impede
the implementation of benchmarking for decommissioning. Co-ordinated efforts and further analysis will
be needed to help remove these barriers.

top

Final Report of the Expert Group on Waste Inventorying and Reporting Methodology

English, published: 11/25/20
NEA#7424
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_60915

Radioactive waste inventory data are an essential element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have thus evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s).
The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) developed a methodology that ensures consistency of national radioactive waste and spent fuel inventory data by presenting them in a common scheme in direct connection with accepted management strategy and disposal routes. This report provides the final version of the methodology and presenting scheme for spent nuclear fuel and the radioactive waste of all existing types. Additionally, there are recommendations in the report on how to enhance the comparability of national inventory data using the NEA methodology. The NEA support for joint efforts of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission on harmonisation of the reporting process by member countries to the Joint Convention and European Council Directive 2011/70 EURATOM is also presented in the report.

top

Optimising the Management of Low-level Radioactive Waste and Materials from Decommissioning

English, published: 10/23/20
NEA#7425
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.orgwww.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_47447/optimising-management-of-low-level-radioactive-materials-and-waste-from-decommissioning

Low-level and very low-level waste represent the vast majority of radioactive waste by volume from decommissioning activity at nuclear facilities around the world, but they are only a small fraction of the radiological inventory. The availability of the appropriate waste management infrastructure, including a robust process and procedures for managing waste, waste disposal routes and an appropriate safety culture, are key components of an optimal approach to decommissioning. Recognising the important role of an effective waste management strategy in the delivery of a successful decommissioning programme, the former NEA Working Party on
Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) established an expert group in 2016 – the Task Group on Optimising Management of Low-Level Radioactive Materials and Waste from Decommissioning (TGOM) – to examine how countries manage (very) low-level radioactive waste and materials arising from decommissioning.
This report explores elements contributing to the optimisation of national approaches at a strategic level, describing the main factors and the relationships between them. It also identifies constraints in the practical implementation of optimisation based on
experience in NEA member countries.

top

Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations: Compiling a Set of Essential Records for a Radioactive Waste Repository

English, published: 09/24/19
NEA#7423
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7423-RKM-SER.pdf

Radioactive waste repositories are designed to be intrinsically safe in that they are not dependent on the presence or intervention of humans. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations Initiative, calling on the international community to help create specific means to preserve RK&M.
This report proposes and describes the concept of a Set of Essential Records (SER) as an important component of a RK&M preservation strategy. The SER is designed to be a compilation of actual records, selected because they would be required for future generations to understand the repository system and its performance, and to assist them in making informed decisions.
The guidance set forward in this document is complemented by appendices, illustrating an example procedure for the selection of records to form part of the SER.

top

Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory across Generations: Final Report

English, published: 12/13/19
NEA#7421
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7421-RKM-Final.pdf

Radioactive waste repositories are designed to isolate waste from the living environment without human intervention over extended periods of time. Nevertheless, the intention is not to abandon the repositories, but to provide the oversight that is necessary to ensure that they are not forgotten by society. In response to this challenge, the Nuclear Energy Agency launched the international initiative “Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) Across Generations”. As a result, an in-depth understanding of
this issue was developed, as well as a specific methodology to address it. The RK&M preservation toolbox, for example, offers a menu with 35 different preservation mechanisms and guidelines on how to combine and implement them.

This report may be used as a general guide to the RK&M preservation topic. It presents a historical review, addresses ethical considerations, analyses the fundamentals of RK&M preservation, outlines various mechanisms and indicates how to develop these mechanisms into a systemic RK&M preservation strategy. The report aims to inspire and assist a variety of actors so that they can discuss and develop national and repository-specific RK&M preservation strategies.

top

Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory across Generations: Developing a Key Information File for a Radioactive Waste Repository

English, published: 05/27/19
NEA#7377
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2019/7377-rkm-kif.pdf

Radioactive waste repositories are designed to be intrinsically safe in that they are not
dependent on the presence or intervention of humans. In response to this challenge,
the Nuclear Energy Agency initiated the Preservation of Records, Knowledge and
Memory (RK&M) Across Generations Initiative, calling on the international community
to help create specific means to preserve RK&M.
The concept of a key information file (KIF) emerged in response to the challenge
presented by the large volumes of RK&M material generated by national disposal
programmes. This concept has been developed into an important component of a RK&M
preservation strategy. The KIF is designed to be a single, short document, produced in a
standard format, with the aim of allowing society to understand the nature and intent
of a repository, and thus to reduce the likelihood of unnecessary human intrusion. It
should be made openly available and ultimately be widely distributed.
This report describes the KIF concept in detail, in a manner that should enable those
concerned with any particular repository to create their own versions. Three draft
key information files, currently under development to support RK&M preservation in
France, Sweden and the United States, are provided as examples.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Metadata for Radioactive Waste Management

English, published: 12/10/18
NEA#7378
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2018/7378-metadata-rwm.pdf

National programmes for radioactive waste management require very large amounts of data and information across multiple and disparate disciplines. These programmes tend to run over a period of many decades resulting in a serious risk of data and information loss, which in turn can threaten the production and maintenance of robust safety cases.

Metadata and associated tools and techniques play a crucial role in modern data and information management. The Radioactive Waste Repository Metadata Management (RepMet) initiative has prepared the first international study on the application of metadata to the field of radioactive waste management. This report introduces the concept of metadata, explains how metadata can help to facilitate data management, and gives advice on the issues arising when developing metadata within radioactive waste management programmes. It is aimed at readers looking to obtain a highlevel overview of metadata, and associated tools and techniques, and the strategic importance they can play in Radioactive Waste Management Organisations (RWMOs).

top

Microbial Influence on the Performance of Subsurface, Salt-Based Radioactive Waste Repositories

English, published: 05/22/18
NEA#7387
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2018/7387-salt-club.pdf

For the past several decades, the Nuclear Energy Agency Salt Club has been supporting
and overseeing the characterisation of rock salt as a potential host rock for deep
geological repositories. This extensive evaluation of deep geological settings is aimed
at determining ? through a multidisciplinary approach ? whether specific sites are
suitable for radioactive waste disposal. Studying the microbiology of granite, basalt,
tuff, and clay formations in both Europe and the United States has been an important
part of this investigation, and much has been learnt about the potential influence
of microorganisms on repository performance, as well as about deep subsurface
microbiology in general. Some uncertainty remains, however, around the effects of
microorganisms on salt-based repository performance. Using available information
on the microbial ecology of hypersaline environments, the bioenergetics of survival
under high ionic strength conditions and studies related to repository microbiology,
this report summarises the potential role of microorganisms in salt-based radioactive
waste repositories.

top

Preparing for Decommissioning during Operation and after Final Shutdown

English, published: 05/25/18
NEA#7374
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2018/7374-decom-prep.pdf

The transition from an operating nuclear facility to the decommissioning phase is critical in the life cycle of every facility. A number of organisational and technical modifications are needed in order for the facility to meet new objectives and requirements, and a certain number of activities must be initiated to support the transition and preparation for the dismantling of the facility. Thorough preparation and planning is key for the success of global decommissioning and dismantling projects, both to minimise delays and undue costs and to ensure a safe and efficient decommissioning process.
The aim of this report is to inform regulatory bodies, policy makers and planners about the relevant aspects and activities that should begin during the last years of operation and following the end of operation. Compiling lessons learnt from experiences and good practices in NEA member countries, the report supports the further optimisation of transition strategies, activities and measures that will ensure adequate preparation for decommissioning and dismantling.

top

Storage of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel

English, published: 09/08/20
NEA#7406
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2020/7406-storage-rwm.pdf

Safety remains the most important factor in managing radioactive waste and spent fuel resulting from the generation of nuclear energy. General consensus has emerged worldwide that deep geological repositories are the safest option for long-lived radioactive waste, and that constructing repositories is feasible using current technologies. However, until repositories become available, radioactive waste must be managed safely and securely so that the risks posed to human health and to the environment over the long timescales involved are minimised.

This report examines the predisposal phase of radioactive waste management programmes in NEA member countries for all types of waste from high-level to intermediate- and low-level waste, and spent fuel. It reviews regulations, policies, strategies and financial issues in member countries, as well as best practices both in terms of storage and transport. The report is primarily directed at decision makers with a technical knowledge of the subject.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Addressing Uncertainties in Cost Estimates for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities

English, 66 pages, published: 09/28/17
NEA#7344
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7344-uncertainties-decom-cost.pdf

The cost estimation process of decommissioning nuclear facilities has continued to evolve in recent years, with a general trend towards demonstrating greater levels of detail in the estimate and more explicit consideration of uncertainties, the latter of which may have an impact on decommissioning project costs. The 2012 report on the International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) of Nuclear Installations, a joint recommendation by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Commission, proposes a standardised structure of cost items for decommissioning projects that can be used either directly for the production of cost estimates or for mapping of cost items for benchmarking purposes. The ISDC, however, provides only limited guidance on the treatment of uncertainty when preparing cost estimates. Addressing Uncertainties in Cost Estimates for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities, prepared jointly by the NEA and IAEA, is intended to complement the ISDC, assisting cost estimators and reviewers in systematically addressing uncertainties in decommissioning cost estimates. Based on experiences gained in participating countries and projects, the report describes how uncertainty and risks can be analysed and incorporated in decommissioning cost estimates, while presenting the outcomes in a transparent manner.

top

Communication on the Safety Case for a Deep Geological Repository

English, 87 pages, published: 02/20/17
NEA#7336
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7336-comms-safety-case.pdf

Communication has a specific role to play in the development of deep geological repositories. Building trust with the stakeholders involved in this process, particularly within the local community, is key for effective communication between the authorities and the public. There are also clear benefits to having technical experts hone their communication skills and having communication experts integrated into the development process. This report has compiled lessons from both failures and successes in communicating technical information to non-technical audiences. It addresses two key questions in particular: what is the experience base concerning the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of different tools for communicating safety case results to a non-technical audience and how can communication based on this experience be improved and included into a safety case development effort from the beginning?

top

International Conference on Geological Repositories

Conference Synthesis, 7-9 December 2016, Paris, France
English, 40 pages, published: 04/04/17
NEA#7345
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7345-icgr2016-synthesis.pdf

Worldwide consensus exists within the international community that geological repositories can provide the necessary long-term safety and security to isolate long-lived radioactive waste from the human environment over long timescales. Such repositories are also feasible to construct using current technologies. However, proving the technical merits and safety of repositories, while satisfying societal and political requirements, has been a challenge in many countries.

Building upon the success of previous conferences held in Denver (1999), Stockholm (2003), Berne (2007) and Toronto (2012), the ICGR 2016 brought together high-level decision makers from regulatory and local government bodies, waste management organisations and public stakeholder communities to review current perspectives of geological repository development. This publication provides a synthesis of the 2016 conference on continued engagement and safe implementation of repositories, which was designed to promote information and experience sharing, particularly in the development of polices and regulatory frameworks. Repository safety, and the planning and implementation of repository programmes with societal involvement, as well as ongoing work within different international organisations, were also addressed at the conference.

top

National Inventories and Management Strategies for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste

Extended Methodology for the Common Presentation of Data
English, 70 pages, published: 08/28/17
NEA#7371
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7371-spent-fuel-strategies.pdf

Radioactive waste inventory data are an important element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or to the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s).

The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the Nuclear Energy Agency developed a methodology that ensures consistency of national radioactive waste and spent fuel inventory data when presenting them in a common scheme in direct connection with accepted management strategy and disposal routes. This report is a follow up to the 2016 report that introduced the methodology and presenting scheme for spent fuel, and it now extends this methodology and presenting scheme to all types of radioactive waste and corresponding management strategies.

top

Radiological Characterisation from a Materials and Waste End-State Perspective – Experience from Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities

English, 95 pages, published: 11/02/17
NEA#7373
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7373-rad-char-pers.pdf

Radiological characterisation is a key enabling activity for the planning and
implementation of nuclear facility decommissioning. Effective characterisation allows
the extent, location and nature of contamination to be determined and provides
crucial information for facility dismantling, the management of material and waste
arisings, the protection of workers, the public and the environment, and associated
cost estimations.
This report will be useful for characterisation practitioners who carry out tactical
planning, preparation, optimisation and implementation of characterisation to support
the decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the management of associated materials
and waste. It compiles recent experience from NEA member countries in radiological
characterisation, including from international experts, international case studies,
an international conference, and international standards and guidance. Using this
comprehensive evidence base, the report identifies relevant good practice and provides
practical advice covering all stages of the characterisation process.

top

Recycling and Reuse of Materials Arising from the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

A Report by the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
English, 69 pages, published: 08/16/17
NEA#7310
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7310-recycle-decom.pdf

Large quantities of materials arising from the decommissioning of nuclear facilities are non-radioactive per se. An additional significant share of materials is of very low-level or low-level radioactivity and can, after having undergone treatment and a clearance process, be recycled and reused in a restricted or unrestricted way. Recycle and reuse options today provide valuable solutions to minimise radioactive waste from decommissioning and at the same time maximise the recovery of valuable materials. The NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (CPD) prepared this overview on the various approaches being undertaken by international and national organisations for the management of slightly contaminated material resulting from activities in the nuclear sector. The report draws on CPD member organisations’ experiences and practices related to recycling and reuse, which were gathered through an international survey. It provides information on improvements and changes in technologies, methodologies and regulations since the 1996 report on this subject, with the conclusions and recommendations taking into account 20 years of additional experience that will be useful for current and future practitioners. Case studies are provided to illustrate significant points of interest, for example in relation to scrap metals, concrete and soil.

top

Sourcebook of International Activities Related to the Development of Safety Cases for Deep Geological Repositories

English, 64 pages, published: 08/21/17
NEA#7341
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2017/7341-sourcebook-safety-cases.pdf

All national radioactive waste management authorities recognise today that a robust safety case is essential in developing disposal facilities for radioactive waste. To improve the robustness of the safety case for the development of a deep geological repository, a wide variety of activities have been carried out by national programmes and international organisations over the past years. The Nuclear Energy Agency, since first introducing the modern concept of the ?safety case?, has continued to monitor major developments in safety case activities at the international level. This Sourcebook summarises the activities being undertaken by the Nuclear Energy Agency, the European Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency concerning the safety case for the operational and post-closure phases of geological repositories for radioactive waste that ranges from low-level to high-level waste and for spent fuel. In doing so, it highlights important differences in focus among the three organisations.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Financing the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

English, 21 pages, published: 08/18/16
NEA#7326
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7326-fin-decom-nf.pdf

Decommissioning of both commercial and R&D nuclear facilities is expected to increase significantly in the coming years, and the largest of such industrial decommissioning projects could command considerable budgets. It is important to understand the costs of decommissioning projects in order to develop realistic cost estimates as early as possible based on preliminary decommissioning plans, but also to develop funding mechanisms to ensure that future decommissioning expenses can be adequately covered. Sound financial provisions need to be accumulated early on to reduce the potential risk for residual, unfunded liabilities and the burden on future generations, while ensuring environmental protection.

Decommissioning planning can be subject to considerable uncertainties, particularly in relation to potential changes in financial markets, in energy policies or in the conditions and requirements for decommissioning individual nuclear installations, and such uncertainties need to be reflected in regularly updated cost estimates.

This booklet offers a useful overview of the relevant aspects of financing the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. It provides information on cost estimation for decommissioning, as well as details about funding mechanisms and the management of funds based on current practice in NEA member countries.

top

Japan's Siting Process for the Geological Disposal of High-level Radioactive Waste

An International Peer Review
English, 46 pages, published: 08/04/16
NEA#7331
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7331-japan-peer-review-gdrw.pdf

The Nuclear Energy Agency carried out an independent peer review of Japan's siting process and criteria for the geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in May 2016. The review concluded that Japan's site screening process is generally in accordance with international practices. As the goal of the siting process is to locate a site -- that is both appropriate and accepted by the community -- to host a geological disposal facility for high-level radioactive waste, the international review team emphasises in this report the importance of maintaining an open dialogue and interaction between the regulator, the implementer and the public. Dialogue should begin in the early phases and continue throughout the siting process. The international review team also underlines the importance of taking into account feasibility aspects when selecting a site for preliminary investigations, but suggests that it would be inappropriate to set detailed scientific criteria for nationwide screening at this stage. The team has provided extensive advisory remarks in the report as opportunities for improvement, including the recommendation to use clear and consistent terminology in defining the site screening criteria as it is a critical factor in a successful siting process.

top

Management of Radioactive Waste after a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

English, 225 pages, published: 12/02/16
NEA#7305
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7305-mgmt-rwm-npp-2016.pdf

The NEA Expert Group on Fukushima Waste Management and Decommissioning R&D (EGFWMD) was established in 2014 to offer advice to the authorities in Japan on the management of large quantities of on-site waste with complex properties and to share experiences with the international community and NEA member countries on ongoing work at the Fukushima Daiichi site. The group was formed with specialists from around the world who had gained experience in waste management, radiological contamination or decommissioning and waste management R&D after the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents. This report provides technical opinions and ideas from these experts on post-accident waste management and R&D at the Fukushima Daiichi site, as well as information on decommissioning challenges.

top

National Inventories and Management Strategies for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste

Methodology for Common Presentation of Data
English, 62 pages, published: 07/28/16
NEA#7323
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7323-radioactive-waste-inventory-strategy.pdf

Radioactive waste inventory data are an important element in the development of a national radioactive waste management programme since these data affect the design and selection of the ultimate disposal methods. Inventory data are generally presented as an amount of radioactive waste under various waste classes, according to the waste classification scheme developed and adopted by the country or national programme in question. Various waste classification schemes have thus evolved in most countries, and these schemes classify radioactive waste according to its origin, to criteria related to the protection of workers or to the physical, chemical and radiological properties of the waste and the planned disposal method(s).

The diversity in classification schemes across countries has restricted the possibility of comparing waste inventories and led to difficulties in interpreting waste management practices, both nationally and internationally. To help improve this situation, the Nuclear Energy Agency proposed to develop a methodology that would ensure consistency of national radioactive waste inventory data when presenting them in a common scheme. This report provides such a methodology and presenting scheme for spent nuclear fuel and for waste arising from reprocessing. The extension of the methodology and presenting scheme to other types of radioactive waste and corresponding management strategies is envisaged in a second phase.

top

Strategic Considerations for the Sustainable Remediation of Nuclear Installations

English, 110 pages, published: 05/23/16
NEA#7290
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7290-strategic-considerations.pdf

Nuclear sites around the world are being decommissioned and remedial actions are being undertaken to enable sites, or parts of sites, to be reused. Although such activities are relatively straightforward for most sites, experience has suggested that preventative action is needed to minimise the impact of remediation activities on the environment and the potential burden to future generations. Removing all contamination in order to make a site suitable for any use generates waste and has associated environmental, social and economic drawbacks and benefits. Site remediation should thus be sustainable and result in an overall net benefit.

This report draws on recent experience of NEA member countries in nuclear site remediation during decommissioning in order to identify strategic considerations for the sustainable remediation of subsurface contamination – predominantly contaminated soil and groundwater – to describe good practice, and to make recommendations for further research and development. It provides insights for the decision makers, regulators, implementers and stakeholders involved in nuclear site decommissioning so as to ensure the sustainable remediation of nuclear sites, now and in the future.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Fostering a Durable Relationship Between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community

Adding Value Through Design and Process - 2015 Edition
English, 66 pages, published: 12/01/15
NEA#7264
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7264-fostering-durable-relationship-2015.pdf

In the field of long-term radioactive waste management, projects to construct repositories normally last from decades to centuries. Such projects will inevitably have an effect on the host community from the planning stage to the end of construction and beyond. The key to a long-lasting and positive relationship between a site and its host community is ensuring that solutions are reached together throughout the entire process. The sustainability of radioactive waste management solutions can potentially be achieved through design and implementation of a facility that provides added cultural and amenity value, as well as economic opportunities, to the local community.

This second edition of Fostering a Durable Relationship Between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community: Adding Value Through Design and Process highlights new innovations in siting processes and in facility design – functional, cultural and physical – from different countries, which could be of added value to host communities and their sites in the short to long term. These new features are examined from the perspective of sustainability, with a focus on increasing the likelihood that people will both understand the facility and its functions, and remember what is located at the site.

This 2015 update by the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence will be beneficial in designing paths forward for local or regional communities, as well as for national radioactive waste management programmes.

top

How can stakeholder involvement be improved?

(FSC Flyer)
English, published: 12/01/15
NEA#7262
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/fsc/docs/a4-stakeholder_involvement.pdf

top

Radioactive Waste Management and Constructing Memory for Future Generations

Proceedings of the International Conference and Debate, 15-17 September 2015, Verdun, France
English, 177 pages, published: 11/18/15
NEA#7259
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7259-constructing-memory-2015.pdf

The Preservation of Records, Knowledge and Memory (RK&M) across Generations initiative was launched by the Nuclear Energy Agency in 2011 to foster international reflection and progress towards this goal and to meet increasing demands by waste management specialists and other interested parties for viable and shared strategies. The RK&M initiative is now in its second phase, which is to last until 2017. Phase I culminated on 15-17 September 2014 with the organisation of an international conference and debate on “Constructing Memory" held in Verdun, France.

The conference was attended by approximately 200 participants from 17 countries and 3 international organisations. Participants included specialists from the radioactive waste management area and beyond, academics in the fields of archaeology, communications, cultural heritage, geography and history, as well as artists, archivists, representatives from local heritage societies and from communities that could host a radioactive waste repository.

top

Stakeholder Involvement in Decision Making: A Short Guide to Issues, Approaches and Resources

English, 62 pages, published: 01/01/16
NEA#7189
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7189-stakeholder-involvement-2015.pdf

Radioactive waste management is embedded in broader societal issues such as the environment, risk management, energy, health policy and sustainability. In all these fields, there is an increasing demand for public involvement and engagement. This 2015 update of Stakeholder Involvement Techniques: Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography, assists practitioners and non-specialists by outlining the steps and issues associated with stakeholder involvement in decision making and by facilitating access to useful online resources (handbooks, toolboxes and case studies). The updated guide has been considerably enriched with experiences since 2004 and includes extensive references to the literature. It is published alongside the release of an online annotated bibliography that will be updated regularly.

top

The Practice of Cost Estimation for Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

English, published: 06/01/15
NEA#7237
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2015/7237-practice-cost-estimation.pdf

Decommissioning of both commercially used and R&D nuclear facilities is expected to increase significantly in the coming years, and the largest of such industrial decommissioning projects could command considerable budgets. Several approaches are currently being used for decommissioning cost estimations, with an international culture developing in the field. The present cost estimation practice guide was prepared in order to offer international actors specific guidance in preparing quality cost and schedule estimates to support detailed budgeting for decommissioning implementation, for the preparation of decommissioning plans and for the securing of funds. This guide is based on current practices and standards in a number of NEA member countries and aims to help consolidate the practice and process of decommissioning cost estimation so as to make it more widely understood. It offers a useful reference for the practitioner and for training programmes.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Guide for International Peer Reviews of Decommissioning Cost Studies for Nuclear Facilities

English, 49 pages, published: 10/27/14
NEA#7190
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2014/7190-guide-peer-reviews.pdf

Peer reviews are a standard co-operative OECD working tool that offer member countries a framework to compare experiences and examine best practices in a host of areas. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has developed a proven methodology for conducting peer reviews in radioactive waste management and nuclear R&D. Using this methodology, the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee’s Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) developed the present guide as a framework for decommissioning cost reviewers and reviewees to prepare for and conduct international peer reviews of decommissioning cost estimate studies for nuclear facilities. It includes checklists that will help national programmes or relevant organisations to assess and improve decommissioning cost estimate practices in the future. This guide will act as the NEA reference for conducting such international peer reviews.

top

Nuclear Site Remediation and Restoration during Decommissioning of Nuclear Installations

English, 244 pages, published: 08/18/14
NEA#7192
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2014/7192-cpd-report.pdf

Decommissioning of nuclear facilities and related remedial actions are currently being undertaken around the world to enable sites or parts of sites to be reused for other purposes. Remediation has generally been considered as the last step in a sequence of decommissioning steps, but the values of prevention, long-term planning and parallel remediation are increasingly being recognised as important steps in the process. This report, prepared by the Task Group on Nuclear Site Restoration of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning, highlights lessons learnt from remediation experiences of NEA member countries that may be particularly helpful to practitioners of nuclear site remediation, regulators and site operators. It provides observations and recommendations to consider in the development of strategies and plans for efficient nuclear site remediation that ensures protection of workers and the environment.

top

R&D and Innovation Needs for Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities

English, 314 pages, published: 07/21/14
NEA#7191
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2014/7191-rd-innovation-needs.pdf

Nuclear decommissioning activities can greatly benefit from research and development (R&D) projects. This report examines applicable emergent technologies, current research efforts and innovation needs to build a base of knowledge regarding the status of decommissioning technology and R&D. This base knowledge can be used to obtain consensus on future R&D that is worth funding. It can also assist in deciding how to collaborate and optimise the limited pool of financial resources available among NEA member countries for nuclear decommissioning R&D.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Stakeholder Confidence in Radioactive Waste Management

An Annotated Glossary of Key Terms
English, 64 pages, published: 03/01/13
NEA#6988
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2013/6988-fsc-glossary.pdf

The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) Annotated Glossary is a review of concepts central to societal decision making about radioactive waste management. It records the evolution in understanding that has taken place in the group as the FSC has worked with these concepts over time. This should be a useful resource not only for new FSC participants but also for others: this annotated glossary forms a good reference handbook for future texts regarding societal aspects of radioactive waste management and its governance.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: National Commitment, Local and Regional Involvement

A Collective Statement of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Radioactive Waste Management Committee Adopted March 2012
English, 24 pages, published: 07/18/12
NEA#7082, ISBN: 978-92-64-99183-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7082-geo-disposal-statement.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs : Engagement national, participation locale et régionale

Disposal in engineered facilities built in stable, deep geological formations is the reference solution for permanently isolating long-lived radioactive waste from the human biosphere. This management method is designed to be intrinsically safe and final, meaning that it is not dependent on human presence or intervention in order to fulfil its safety goal. Selecting the site of a waste repository brings up a range of issues involving scientific knowledge, technical capacity, ethical values, territorial planning, community well-being and more. Bringing to fruition the multi-decade task of siting and developing a repository demands a strong national commitment and significant regional and local involvement.
This collective statement by the Radioactive Waste Management Committee of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency recognises the advances made towards greater transparency and dialogue among the diverse stakeholders concerned and identifies the fundamental elements needed to support national commitment and to foster territorial involvement. It concludes that technical and societal partners can develop shared confidence in the safety of geological repositories and jointly carry these projects forward.

top

Image et rôle de l'autorité de sûreté nucléaire dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Tendances sur 20 ans
Français, 32 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#7124, ISBN: 978-92-64-99194-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2012/7124-image-et-role.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Evolving Role and Image of the Regulator in Radioactive Waste Management

Dans le domaine de la gestion des déchets radioactifs, les dernières années ont vu émerger l’autorité de sûreté comme un acteur central aux yeux de la société civile. Cette étude montre comment les autorités de sûreté ont développé leurs interactions avec la société civile tout en conservant – voire en renforçant – leur indépendance et comment elles jouent leur rôle au sein du processus d’autorisation et de prise de décision par étapes adopté aujourd’hui dans la plupart des pays. La sûreté est assurée par un « système réglementaire », dans lequel tout un ensemble d’acteurs, dont les parties prenantes locales, ont un rôle essentiel à jouer. L’autorité de sûreté est de plus en plus souvent considérée comme « l’expert du public », car elle réunit des connaissances utiles pour les communes qui envisagent d’accueillir une installation de stockage ou d’entreposage de déchets.
Cette étude offre une mise à jour opportune sur l’évolution du rôle de l’autorité de sûreté, et les éclairages apportés pourront aider les nombreux pays qui envisagent ou préparent l’entreposage ou le stockage des déchets radioactifs dans des installations en subsurface ou plus grande profondeur. Alors que l’étude est centrée sur les avancées relatives à la gestion et au stockage des déchets, les tendances décrites sont probablement pertinentes dans le domaine nucléaire au sens large.

top

International Structure for Decommissioning Costing (ISDC) of Nuclear Installations

English, 192 pages, published: 03/02/12
NEA#7088, ISBN: 978-92-64-99173-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/ISDC-nuclear-installations.pdf

Cost estimation for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities can vary considerably in format, content and practice both within and across countries. These differences may have legitimate reasons but make the process of reviewing estimates complicated and the estimates themselves difficult to defend. Hence, the joint initiative of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Commission (EC) was undertaken to propose a standard itemisation of decommissioning costs either directly for the production of cost estimates or for mapping estimates onto a standard, common structure for purposes of comparison. This report updates the earlier itemisation published in 1999 and takes into account experience accumulated thus far. The revised cost itemisation structure has sought to ensure that all costs within the planned scope of a decommissioning project may be reflected. The report also provides general guidance on developing a decommissioning cost estimate, including detailed advice on using the structure.

top

Methods for Safety Assessment of Geological Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste

Outcomes of the NEA MeSA Initiative
English, 240 pages, published: 06/21/12
NEA#6923, ISBN: 978-92-64-99190-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/nea6923-MESA-initiative.pdf

Safety assessment is an interdisciplinary approach that focuses on the scientific understanding and performance assessment of safety functions as well as the hazards associated with a geological disposal facility. It forms a central part of the safety case, and the results of the safety assessments provide evidence to support decision making. The goals of the NEA project on “Methods for Safety Assessment for Geological Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste” (MeSA) were to examine and document methods used in safety assessment for radioactive waste disposal facilities, to generate collective views based on the methods’ similarities and differences, and to identify future work. The project reviewed a number of approaches used by various national and international organisations. Following the comprehensive review, a generic safety case with a safety assessment flowchart was developed and is presented herein. The elaboration of the safety concept, the use of safety functions, the implication of uncertainties and the formulation of scenarios are also discussed.

top

Reversibility and Retrievability in Planning for Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Proceedings of the "R&R" International Conference and Dialogue, 14-17 December 2010, Reims, France
English, 236 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#6993, ISBN: 978-92-64-99185-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2012/6993-proceedings-rr-reims.pdf

Deep geological repositories of radioactive waste are designed and licensed based on a model of long-term safety which does not require the active presence of man. During the period of stepwise development of such repositories, reversibility of decisions and retrievability of the waste are widely thought to be beneficial. Reversibility and retrievability are not requirements for long-term safety. They are instead about implementing a process that responds to ethical and precautionary obligations without compromising safety. How are the concepts of reversibility and retrievability understood in the various nuclear countries? How do they appear in national waste management legislation, regulation and operational programmes, and how can they be implemented?
The “R&R” project of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) culminated in an International Conference and Dialogue on Reversibility and Retrievability in December 2010. This open meeting brought together regulators, policy makers, elected officials, experts in social sciences, and representatives of civil society and stakeholder groups in addition to waste management professionals. These proceedings include the texts of 50 presentations and the “International Retrievability Scale” – a tool to support dialogue with stakeholders and to help establish a common international framework.

top

Reversibility of Decisions and Retrievability of Radioactive Waste

Considerations for National Geological Disposal Programmes
English, 28 pages, published: 03/09/12
NEA#7085, ISBN: 978-92-64-99169-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7085-reversibility.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Réversibilité des décisions et récupérabilité des déchets radioactifs

The most widely adopted solution for the definitive management of high-level radioactive waste involves its emplacement in deep geological repositories whose safety should not depend on the active presence of man. In this context, national programmes are considering whether and how to incorporate the concepts of reversibility of decisions and retrievability of waste, including to what extent retrieval can or should be facilitated at the design stage of a repository, and if so over what timescales.
This brochure delivers the key findings and observations of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) project on reversibility and retrievability conducted from 2007 to 2011 with the participation of 15 countries and 2 international organisations. It outlines the activities undertaken and points to further resources. While focused on deep geological disposal, the pragmatic and precise information provided may also be pertinent to sub-surface disposal and to decision-making processes more generally. This brochure, and related project documents, will be of interest to technical and policy professionals and civil society stakeholders concerned with radioactive waste disposal.

top

Réversibilité des décisions et récupérabilité des déchets radioactifs

Éléments de réflexion pour les programmes nationaux de stockage géologique
Français, 32 pages, published: 03/09/12
NEA#7105, ISBN: 978-92-64-99170-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7105-reversibilite.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Reversibility of Decisions and Retrievability of Radioactive Waste

La solution la plus communément adoptée en matière de gestion définitive des déchets radioactifs de haute activité consiste à placer ces déchets dans des centres de stockage en couche géologique profonde dont la sûreté ne devra pas être tributaire de la présence active de l’homme. C’est dans ce contexte que les programmes nationaux de stockage géologique étudient s’il est opportun d’incorporer les concepts de réversibilité des décisions et de récupérabilité des déchets et comment. On y regarde notamment dans quelle mesure le retrait peut ou doit être facilité dès la conception d'un centre de stockage et, dans ce cas, sur quelle échelle de temps.
Cette brochure fournit les résultats principaux et les observations du projet de l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN) relatif à la réversibilité et la récupérabilité, mené de 2007 à 2011 avec la participation de 15 pays et 2 organisations internationales. Elle décrit les activités entreprises dans le cadre de ce projet et propose des ressources complémentaires. Bien que portant sur le stockage en formation géologique profonde, elle contient des informations pratiques et précises qui ont aussi leur pertinence pour le stockage en sub-surface et pour la prise de décision en général. Cette brochure, et les autres documents relatifs au projet, intéresseront les professionnels traitant des questions techniques et stratégiques, les décideurs politiques ainsi que les parties prenantes concernés par le stockage des déchets radioactifs.

top

Stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs : Engagement national, participation locale et régionale

Déclaration collective du Comité de la gestion des déchets radioactifs de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire, adoptée en mars 2012
Français, 24 pages, published: 07/18/12
NEA#7037, ISBN: 978-92-64-99184-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7037-stock-geo-dechets.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: National Commitment, Local and Regional Involvement

Le stockage dans des installations construites dans des couches géologiques stables et profondes constitue la solution de référence pour isoler de la biosphère humaine de manière permanente les déchets radioactifs à vie longue. Cette méthode de gestion est prévue pour être intrinsèquement sûre et finale, c’est-à-dire ne nécessitant aucune présence ou intervention humaine pour remplir son objectif de sûreté. L’implantation de stockages géologiques soulève un ensemble de questions touchant aux connaissances scientifiques, aux capacités techniques, aux valeurs éthiques, à l’aménagement du territoire, à la qualité de vie locale et plus encore. Mener à bien un projet de stockage est une tâche qui demande des décennies et exige à la fois un engagement national fort et une participation significative aux niveaux régional et local.
Cette déclaration collective du Comité de la gestion des déchets radioactifs de l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire reconnaît les avancées réalisées vers davantage de transparence et de dialogue entre les diverses parties prenantes concernées, et identifie les éléments fondamentaux indispensables à l’engagement national et au soutien de l’implication territoriale. Elle tire comme conclusion que les partenaires techniques et sociétaux peuvent développer une confiance partagée dans la sûreté des stockages géologiques et porter conjointement ces projets de l’avant.

top

The Evolving Role and Image of the Regulator in Radioactive Waste Management

Trends over Two Decades
English, 28 pages, published: 12/31/12
NEA#7083, ISBN: 978-92-64-99186-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2012/7083-evolving-role-and-image.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Image et rôle de l'autorité de sûreté nucléaire dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs

In the area of radioactive waste management, the regulator or safety authority has emerged in recent years as a principal actor in the eyes of civil society. This study shows how regulators are increasing their interaction with society while still retaining – or reinforcing – their independence and how they play their role within the stepwise licensing and decision-making processes now adopted in most countries. Safety is ensured by a “regulatory system”, in which a host of players, including local stakeholders, have a vital role to play. The technical regulator has come to be considered as the “people’s expert”, concentrating knowledge useful to local communities as they deliberate the hosting of a waste storage or disposal facility.
This report provides a useful update on the changing role of the regulator as well as insights that will be helpful to the many countries that are considering, or are preparing for, storage or disposal of radioactive waste either in near-surface facilities or deeper underground. While it focuses on the developments in waste management and disposal, the trends it describes are probably relevant throughout the nuclear field.

top

The Long-term Radiological Safety of a Surface Disposal Facility for Low-level Waste in Belgium

An International Peer Review of Key Aspects of ONDRAF/NIRAS' Safety Report of November 2011 in Preparation for the License Application
English, 100 pages, published: 10/08/12
NEA#7086, ISBN: 978-92-64-99196-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/7086-Belgian-peer-review.pdf

An important activity of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in the field of radioactive waste management is the organisation of independent, international peer reviews of national studies and projects. This report provides an international peer review of the long-term safety strategy and assessment being developed by the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, ONDRAF/NIRAS, as part of the licence application for the construction and operation of a surface disposal facility for short-lived, low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste in the municipality of Dessel, Belgium. The review was carried out by an International Review Team comprised of seven international specialists, all of whom were free of conflict of interest and chosen to bring complementary expertise to the review. To be accessible to both specialist and non-specialist readers, the review findings are provided at several levels of detail.

top

The Post-closure Radiological Safety Case for a Spent Fuel Repository in Sweden

An International Peer Review of the SKB License-application Study of March 2011
English, 156 pages, published: 07/05/12
NEA#7084, ISBN: 978-92-64-99191-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2012/nea7084-peer-review-sweden.pdf

Sweden is at the forefront among countries developing plans for a deep geological repository of highly radioactive waste. There is no such repository in operation yet worldwide, but Sweden, Finland and France are approaching the licensing stage. At the request of the Swedish government, the NEA organised an international peer review of the post-closure radiological safety case produced by the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) in support of the application for a general licence to construct and operate a spent nuclear fuel geological repository in the municipality of Östhammar. The purpose of the review was to help the Swedish government, the public and relevant organisations by providing an international reference regarding the maturity of SKB’s spent fuel disposal programme vis-à-vis best practices in long-term disposal safety and radiological protection. The International Review Team (IRT) consisted of ten international specialists, who were free of conflict of interest with the SKB and brought complementary expertise to the review. This report provides the background and findings of the international peer review. The review’s findings are presented at several levels of detail in order to be accessible to both specialist and non-specialist readers.

top

Thermodynamic Sorption Modelling in Support of Radioactive Waste Disposal Safety Cases

NEA Sorption Project Phase III
English, 152 pages, published: 05/04/12
NEA#6914, ISBN: 978-92-64-17781-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/docs/2013/6914-sorption-III.pdf

A central safety function of radioactive waste disposal repositories is the prevention or sufficient retardation of radionuclide migration to the biosphere. Performance assessment exercises in various countries, and for a range of disposal scenarios, have demonstrated that one of the most important processes providing this safety function is the sorption of radionuclides along potential migration paths beyond the engineered barriers. Thermodynamic sorption models (TSMs) are key for improving confidence in assumptions made about such radionuclide sorption when preparing a repository's safety case. This report presents guidelines for TSM development as well as their application in repository performance assessments. They will be of particular interest to the sorption modelling community and radionuclide migration modellers in developing safety cases for radioactive waste disposal.

top

核設施除役

Chinese translation of Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
Chinese, 8 pages, published: 08/31/12
NEA#7126
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2012/nea7126-decommissioning-ch.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Démantèlement des installations nucléaires (brochure)
- Italian: Il Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari
- English: Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure)
- German: Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen (decommissioning brochure)
- Swedish: Avveckling av kärntekniska anläggningar

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Att skapa en hållbar relation mellan en avfallsanläggning för hantering av radioaktivt avfall och dess värdkommun

Mervärde genom design och process
Swedish, 60 pages, published: 05/04/11
NEA#7023
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2011/nea7023-fostering-swedish.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Fostering a Durable Relationship between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community
- Français: Créer un lien durable entre une installation de gestion de déchets et sa collectivité d'accueil

top

Avveckling av kärntekniska anläggningar

Det har gjorts och kan göras igen
Swedish, 8 pages, published: 02/11/11
NEA#6983
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2011/nea6983-decommissioning-SWE.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure)
- Italian: Il Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari
- German: Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen (decommissioning brochure)
- Français: Démantèlement des installations nucléaires (brochure)
- Chinese: 核設施除役

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Applying Decommissioning Experience to the Design and Operation of New Nuclear Power Plants

English, 56 pages, published: 04/21/10
NEA#6924, ISBN: 978-92-64-99118-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6924-applying-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Intégration du retour d'expérience du démantèlement à la conception et l'exploitation des futures centrales nucléaires

Experience from decommissioning projects suggests that the decommissioning of nuclear power plants could be made easier if it received greater consideration at the design stage and during the operation of the plants. Better forward planning for decommissioning results in lower worker doses and reduced costs. When appropriate design measures are not taken at an early stage, their introduction later in the project becomes increasingly difficult. Hence, their early consideration may lead to smoother and more effective decommissioning.

It is now common practice to provide a preliminary decommissioning plan as part of the application for a licence to operate a nuclear facility. This means, in turn, that decommissioning issues are being considered during the design process. Although many design provisions aiming at improved operation and maintenance will be beneficial for decommissioning as well, designers also need to consider issues that are specific to decommissioning, such as developing sequential dismantling sequences and providing adequate egress routes. These issues and more are discussed in this report.

top

Au-delà des seules réalités concrètes : la dimension symbolique de la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Français, 40 pages, published: 04/15/10
NEA#6870, ISBN: 978-92-64-99106-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6870-symbolique.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: More than Just Concrete Realities: The Symbolic Dimension of Radioactive Waste Management

Les concepts clés de la gestion des déchets radioactifs, tels la sûreté, le risque, la réversibilité et la récupérabilité, ont des connotations différentes pour la communauté scientifique et pour les parties prenantes de formation non technique. De manière similaire, des concepts socio-économiques, dont la communauté, le paysage et les avantages sociaux, sont interprétés différemment suivant les groupes sociaux. Les opinions et les comportements ne sont pas simplement une image fidèle de la prise de décision, des événements réels et des messages communiqués ; la perception et l’interprétation des événements et des objets jouent aussi un rôle. Ce rapport présente les questions clés et des exemples permettant de développer la prise de conscience de l’importance des symboles et du symbolisme dans la communication sur les perceptions et les interprétations. Il accentue le constat que la communication entre les parties prenantes est modelée par des dimensions qui vont au-delà du sens commun et sont fondées sur les traditions et les conventions sociales. Une meilleure compréhension de ces réalités moins évidentes ou flagrantes devrait aider à trouver des moyens additionnels pour créer des relations constructives entre les parties prenantes.

top

Cost Estimation for Decommissioning

An International Overview of Cost Elements, Estimation Practices and Reporting Requirements
English, 80 pages, published: 05/17/10
NEA#6831, ISBN: 978-92-64-99133-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6831-cost-estimation-decommissioning.pdf

This report is based on a study carried out by the NEA Decommissioning Cost Estimation Group (DCEG) on decommissioning cost elements, estimation practices and reporting requirements. Its findings indicate that cost methodologies need to be updated continuously using cost data from actual decommissioning projects and hence, systematic approaches need to be implemented to collect these data. The study also concludes that changes in project scope may have the greatest impact on project costs. Such changes must therefore be identified immediately and incorporated into the estimate. Finally, the report notes that more needs to be done to facilitate the comparison of estimates, for example by providing a reporting template for national estimates.

top

Decommissioning Considerations for New Nuclear Power Plants

English, 16 pages, published: 06/07/10
NEA#6833, ISBN: 978-92-64-99132-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6833-decommissioning-considerations.pdf

Experience from decommissioning projects suggests that the decommissioning of nuclear power plants could be made easier if this aspect received greater consideration at the design stage and during operation of the plants. Better forward planning for decommissioning results in lower worker doses and reduced costs. When appropriate design measures are not taken at an early stage, their introduction later in the project becomes increasingly difficult. Hence, their early consideration may lead to smoother and more effective decommissioning operations. This report provides an overview of key decommissioning issues which are useful to consider when designing new nuclear power plants.

top

Démantèlement des installations nucléaires (brochure)

C'est possible et cela a été fait
Français, 8 pages, published: 04/22/10
NEA#6830
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6830-demantelement.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Il Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari
- German: Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen (decommissioning brochure)
- Swedish: Avveckling av kärntekniska anläggningar
- English: Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure)
- Chinese: 核設施除役

top

Geoscientific Information in the Radioactive Waste Management Safety Case

Main Messages from the AMIGO Project
English, 56 pages, published: 09/24/10
NEA#6395, ISBN: 978-92-64-99138-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6395-AMIGO.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Rôle des informations géoscientifiques dans le dossier de sûreté pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Radioactive waste is associated with all phases of the nuclear fuel cycle as well as the use of radioactive materials in medicine, research and industry. For the most hazardous and long-lived waste, the solution being investigated worldwide is disposal in engineered repositories deep underground. The importance of geoscientific information in selecting a site for geological disposal has long been recognised, but there has been growing acknowledgement of the broader role of this information in assessing and documenting the safety of disposal. The OECD/NEA Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case (AMIGO) project has demonstrated that geological data and understanding serve numerous roles in safety cases. The project, which ran from 2002 to 2008, underscored the importance of integrating geoscientific information in the development of a disposal safety case and increasingly in the overall process of repository development, including, for example, siting decisions and ensuring the practical feasibility of repository layout and engineering.

top

Il Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari

Si può, ed é stato fatto
Italian, 8 pages, published: 04/03/10
NEA#6955
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6955-Decommissioning-brochure-ITA.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure)
- Français: Démantèlement des installations nucléaires (brochure)
- German: Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen (decommissioning brochure)
- Swedish: Avveckling av kärntekniska anläggningar
- Chinese: 核設施除役

top

Intégration du retour d'expérience du démantèlement à la conception et l'exploitation des futures centrales nucléaires

Français, 68 pages, published: 04/16/10
NEA#6946, ISBN: 978-92-64-99130-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6946-integration-conception.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Applying Decommissioning Experience to the Design and Operation of New Nuclear Power Plants

L’expérience des projets de démantèlement de centrales nucléaires laisse entendre que l'on pourrait simplifier ces opérations si l'on y accordait davantage d'attention au moment de la conception ou pendant l'exploitation de l'installation. Mieux planifier le démantèlement est en effet synonyme de doses réduites et de moindres coûts. Or les adaptations de la conception qui n'ont pas été effectuées dès l'origine sont difficiles à introduire ultérieurement. C'est pourquoi, leur prise en compte précoce est gage d'un démantèlement plus facile et plus efficace.

Il est dorénavant de pratique courante de produire un plan de démantèlement préliminaire avec la demande d'autorisation d’exploitation d'une centrale nucléaire. Cela signifie que les questions de démantèlement sont prises en compte pendant la conception. Toutefois, si les dispositions de conception adoptées pour l’exploitation et la maintenance améliorent souvent les conditions de démantèlement aussi, les concepteurs doivent également considérer les aspects spécifiques à ces opérations, établir des séquences d'opérations de démantèlement et prévoir des voies d'évacuation adaptées par exemple. Ce rapport approfondit ces questions et bien d'autres encore.

top

More than Just Concrete Realities: The Symbolic Dimension of Radioactive Waste Management

English, 36 pages, published: 04/15/10
NEA#6869, ISBN: 978-92-64-99105-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6869-symbolic.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Au-delà des seules réalités concrètes : la dimension symbolique de la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Key concepts of radioactive waste management, such as safety, risk, reversibility and retrievability, carry different meanings for the technical community and for non-technical stakeholders. Similarly, socio-economic concepts, including community, landscape and benefit packages, are interpreted differently by diverse societal groups. Opinions and attitudes are not simply a faithful reflection of decision making, actual events and communicated messages; perceptions and interpretations of events and objects also play a role. This report presents key issues and examples in order to build awareness of the importance of symbols and symbolism in communicating about perceptions and interpretations. It adds to the recognition that dialogue amongst stakeholders is shaped by dimensions of meaning that reach beyond dictionary definitions and are grounded in tradition and social conventions. A better understanding of these less obvious or conspicuous realities should help find additional ways of creating constructive relationships amongst stakeholders.

top

Optimisation des stockages géologiques de déchets radioactifs

Recommandations nationales et internationales et futurs thèmes de discussions
Français, 36 pages, published: 03/12/10
NEA#6837, ISBN: 978-92-64-99108-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6837-optimisation-FR.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Optimisation of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Alors que les programmes nationaux de stockage géologique progressent vers leur mise en œuvre, le concept d’« optimisation » et les exigences réglementaires associées suscitent une attention accrue. Les échanges au sein des groupes d’experts de l’AEN ont montré que les régulateurs et les maîtres d’ouvrage pourraient ensemble tirer bénéfice d'un examen des concepts applicables ainsi que des recommandations et de l'expérience disponibles. Ce rapport récapitule et examine les concepts qui concernent l’« optimisation » des systèmes de stockage géologique tels qu'ils sont mis en avant dans les textes réglementaires nationaux et les recommandations internationales. Il présente également un certain nombre d'observations et de questions clés. De façon générale, il montre que, lorsque l’on traite de l’optimisation, il existe des marges substantielles pour clarifier les concepts, les faits et les options ainsi que pour s’assurer que les textes réglementaires sont suffisamment précis et applicables. L'objectif de ce rapport est de servir de base de discussions parmi et au delà des comités et des groupes d’experts de l’AEN.

top

Optimisation of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

National and International Guidance and Questions for Further Discussion
English, 28 pages, published: 03/11/10
NEA#6836, ISBN: 978-92-64-99107-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6836-optimisation-ENG.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Optimisation des stockages géologiques de déchets radioactifs

As national geological disposal programmes progress towards implementation, the concept of “optimisation” and related requirements are receiving increased attention. Exchanges within NEA expert groups have shown that both regulators and implementers would benefit from a review of the relevant concepts and available guidance and experience. This report summarises and reviews the concepts relevant to the “optimisation” of geological disposal systems as they are outlined in national and international guidance. It also presents a set of observations and key questions. Overall, the report shows that, when addressing “optimisation”, there is ample scope for clarifying concepts, facts and possibilities and for ensuring that regulatory guidance is sufficiently precise and implementable. The intention is that this report should serve as a basis for discussion within and beyond NEA committees and expert groups.

top

Partenariats pour la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs

Evolution et pratique actuelle dans treize pays
Français, 150 pages, published: 04/06/10
NEA#6824, ISBN: 978-92-64-08371-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2010/6824-partenariats-gestion.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Partnering for Long-term Management of Radioactive Waste

Les programmes nationaux de gestion des déchets radioactifs se trouvent à des phases diverses dans la recherche de sites d’implantation d’installations et se fondent sur des approches techniques distinctes adaptées aux différentes catégories de déchets. Dans tous les cas, il est nécessaire que les acteurs institutionnels et la communauté d’accueil, actuelle ou potentielle, établissent entre eux une relation sérieuse et viable. Les formules de partenariat permettent de réaliser un équilibre entre les exigences d’une représentation équitable et d’une participation éclairée. Avec l'appui de la communauté d’accueil, elles contribuent également à l'association souhaitable d’un site et d’un concept de gestion pouvant être autorisés au plan réglementaire ainsi qu'à un bon équilibre entre l'octroi de compensations, le contrôle local et les possibilités de développement. Ce rapport présente les informations les plus récentes sur les expériences de partenariat avec les communautés d’accueil dans 13 pays. Les caractéristiques, les avantages et les objectifs de telles formules de partenariat y sont décrits ainsi que l'évolution du concept sur les dix dernières années.

top

Partnering for Long-term Management of Radioactive Waste

Evolution and Current Practice in Thirteen Countries
English, 132 pages, published: 04/06/10
NEA#6823, ISBN: 978-92-64-08369-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2010/6823-partnering-management.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Partenariats pour la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs

National radioactive waste management programmes are in various phases of siting facilities and rely on distinct technical approaches for different categories of waste. In all cases, it is necessary for institutional actors and the potential or actual host community to build a meaningful, workable relationship. Partnership approaches are effective in achieving a balance between the requirements of fair representation and competent participation. With host community support, they also help ensure the desirable combination of a licensable site and management concept as well as a balance between compensation, local control and development opportunities. This report provides up-to-date information on experience with local partnership arrangements in 13 countries. The characteristics, advantages and aims of community partnerships are also described in addition to the concept's evolution over the past decade.

top

Radioactive Waste Repositories and Host Regions: Envisaging the Future Together

Synthesis of the FSC National Workshop and Community Visit, Bar-le-Duc, France, 7-9 April 2009
English, 56 pages, published: 04/12/10
NEA#6925, ISBN: 978-92-64-99128-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6925-repositories-host-regions.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stockage des déchets radioactifs et territoires d'accueil : envisager l'avenir ensemble

This 7th Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) workshop focused on the territorial implementation of France’s high-level and long-lived intermediate-level waste management programme. Sessions addressed the French historical and legislative context, public information, reversibility, environmental monitoring and the issue of memory. Amongst the participants were representatives of local and regional governments, civil society organisations, universities, waste management agencies, institutional authorities and delegates from 13 countries. This report provides a synthesis of the workshop deliberations.

top

Regulation and Guidance for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

A Review of the Literature and Initiatives of the Past Decade
English, 40 pages, published: 02/24/10
NEA#6405, ISBN: 978-92-64-99120-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6405-regulation-guidance-ENG.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Réglementation et lignes directrices pour l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formation géologique

top

Réglementation et lignes directrices pour l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formation géologique

Revue de la littérature et des initiatives de la dernière décennie
Français, 40 pages, published: 02/24/10
NEA#6406, ISBN: 978-92-64-99121-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6406-regulation-guidance-FR.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Regulation and Guidance for the Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

top

Rôle des informations géoscientifiques dans le dossier de sûreté pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Principales conclusions du Projet AMIGO
Français, 56 pages, published: 09/24/10
NEA#6396, ISBN: 978-92-64-99139-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6396-AMIGO-f.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Geoscientific Information in the Radioactive Waste Management Safety Case

À toutes les phases du cycle du combustible nucléaire, mais aussi lorsque l'on utilise des substances radioactives dans l’industrie, la recherche et en médecine, on produit des déchets radioactifs. La solution la plus largement étudiée à travers le monde est, pour les déchets les plus dangereux et à vie longue, le stockage en formation géologique, c’est-à-dire dans des ouvrages aménagés à de grandes profondeurs. L'importance des informations géoscientifiques pour la sélection des sites de stockage géologique est connue depuis longtemps. Mais on a pris conscience progressivement du rôle plus vaste qu'elles peuvent jouer lorsqu’il s’agit d’évaluer et de documenter la sûreté d’un ouvrage de stockage. Le projet de l’OCDE/AEN sur les Procédures et méthodes d’intégration des informations géologiques dans le dossier de sûreté (AMIGO) a démontré que les données et la compréhension géologiques ont de nombreuses fonctions dans un dossier de sûreté. Le projet, qui s’est déroulé de 2002 à 2008, a mis en évidence l’importance d’intégrer des informations géoscientifiques à l’élaboration d’un dossier de sûreté et, de plus en plus, au processus global d’aménagement du stockage y compris, par exemple, s’agissant des décisions d’implantation et de la vérification de la faisabilité pratique de l’architecture et de la conception technique du stockage.

top

Self-sealing of Fractures in Argillaceous Formations in the Context of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Review and Synthesis
English, 312 pages, published: 06/01/10
NEA#6184, ISBN: 978-92-64-99095-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6184-self-sealing.pdf

Disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in engineered facilities, or repositories, located deep underground in suitable geological formations is being developed worldwide as the reference solution to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. Assessing the long-term safety of geological disposal requires developing a comprehensive understanding of the geological environment. The transport pathways are key to this understanding. Of particular interest are fractures in the host rock, which may be either naturally occurring or induced, for example, during the construction of engineered portions of a repository. Such fractures could provide pathways for migration of contaminants.

In argillaceous (clay) formations, there is evidence that, over time, fractures can become less conductive and eventually hydraulically insignificant. This process is commonly termed “self-sealing”. The capacity for self-sealing relates directly to the function of clay host rocks as migration barriers and, consequently, to the safety of deep repositories in those geological settings.

This report – conducted under the auspices of the NEA Clay Club – reviews the evidence and mechanisms for self-sealing properties of clays and evaluates their relevance to geological disposal. Results from laboratory tests, field investigations and geological analogues are considered. The evidence shows that, for many types of argillaceous formations, the understanding of self-sealing has progressed to a level that could justify its inclusion in performance assessments for geological repositories.

top

Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen (decommissioning brochure)

Machbar und gemacht.
German, published: 09/21/10
NEA#6922
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6822-stilllegung-planche.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Démantèlement des installations nucléaires (brochure)
- Italian: Il Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari
- English: Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure)
- Swedish: Avveckling av kärntekniska anläggningar
- Chinese: 核設施除役

top

Stockage des déchets radioactifs et territoires d'accueil : envisager l'avenir ensemble

Synthèse de l’atelier du FSC et des rencontres avec les collectivités locales, Bar-le-Duc, France, 7-9 avril 2009
Français, 60 pages, published: 04/13/10
NEA#6939, ISBN: 978-92-64-99129-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6939-stockage-avenir.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Radioactive Waste Repositories and Host Regions: Envisaging the Future Together

La thématique de ce 7e atelier du Forum sur la confiance des parties prenantes (FSC) concernait la mise en œuvre du programme français de gestion des déchets de haute activité et de moyenne activité à vie longue. Au cours des différentes sessions, ont été abordés le contexte historique et législatif français, l’information du public, la réversibilité, la surveillance de l’environnement ainsi que la conservation de la mémoire. Des représentants des collectivités locales et régionales, des représentants d’organisations de la société civile, des universités, des agences de gestion des déchets et des délégués de 13 pays y ont participé. Ce rapport présente une synthèse des délibérations de l’atelier.

top

Towards Greater Harmonisation of Decommissioning Cost Estimates

English, 16 pages, published: 03/22/10
NEA#6867, ISBN: 978-92-64-99093-7
Volume of the series: Radioactive Waste Management
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6867-harmonisation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers une harmonisation des estimations des coûts du déclassement

Currently, the format, content and practice of cost estimation vary considerably both within and between countries, which makes it very difficult to compare estimates, even for similar types of facilities. The reasons are largely due to different legal requirements in different countries and to historical custom and practice, leading to variations in basic assumptions such as the anticipated decommissioning strategy and end state of the site, and to different approaches to dealing with uncertainties. While attaining harmonisation across national approaches to cost estimation may be difficult to achieve, standardising the way decommissioning cost estimates are structured and reported will give greater transparency to the decommissioning process and will help build regulator and stakeholder confidence in the cost estimates and schedules.

This booklet highlights the findings of the NEA Decommissioning Cost Estimation Group (DCEG) which recently studied cost estimation practices in 12 countries.

top

Towards Transparent, Proportionate and Deliverable Regulation for Geological Disposal

Workshop Proceedings, Tokyo, Japan, 20-22 January 2009
English, 196 pages, published: 03/03/10
NEA#6825, ISBN: 978-92-64-06092-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2010/6825-towards-transparent.pdf

As part of its activities, the Regulators’ Forum of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee has been examining the regulatory criteria for the long-term performance of geological disposal. In this context, it organised a workshop entitled “Towards Transparent, Proportionate and Deliverable Regulation for Geological Disposal”, which served to verify current status and needs. Participants included regulators, implementers, policy makers, R&D specialists and academics. Themes addressed included duties to future generations, timescales for regulation, stepwise decision making, roles of optimisation and best available techniques (BAT), multiple lines of reasoning, safety and performance indicators, recognition of uncertainties and the importance of stakeholder interactions. The workshop highlighted the significant amount of work accomplished over the past decade, but also identified important differences between national regulations even if these are not in contradiction with international guidance. Also highlighted was the importance of R&D carried out on behalf of the regulator. In addition to the contributed papers, these proceedings trace the numerous discussions that formed an integral part of the workshop. They constitute an important and unique documentary basis for researchers and radioactive waste management specialists.

top

Vers une harmonisation des estimations des coûts du déclassement

Français, 16 pages, published: 03/22/10
NEA#6868, ISBN: 978-92-64-99094-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2010/nea6868-harmonisation-FR.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Towards Greater Harmonisation of Decommissioning Cost Estimates

À l'heure actuelle, on observe une variabilité considérable dans le format, le contenu et les pratiques d'estimation des coûts, que ce soit à l'intérieur d'un même pays ou lorsque l'on franchit les frontières. Les comparaisons sont, de ce fait, extrêmement difficiles, même entre installations du même type. Les exigences de la réglementation sont principalement responsables de ces disparités, ainsi que les habitudes et pratiques historiques. Elles se répercutent sur les hypothèses de base, telles que la stratégie de démantèlement prévue et l'état final du site, mais aussi sur les méthodes de traitement des aléas. Il sera sans doute difficile d'harmoniser les approches nationales des estimations des coûts. On peut du moins recommander une structure et une présentation standard de nature à accentuer la confiance que l'autorité de contrôle et les parties prenantes pourront accorder aux estimations et aux calendriers de dépenses.

Cette brochure présente les conclusions du groupe d’estimation des coûts du démantèlement (DCEG), qui a récemment étudié la façon dont étaient estimés les coûts dans 12 pays.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

A Common Objective, a Variety of Paths

Synthesis and Main Lessons:Third International Conference on Geological Repositories, Berne, Switzerland, 15-17 October 2007
English, 40 pages, published: 10/20/09
NEA#6385, ISBN: 978-92-64-99100-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/6385-Common-Objective.pdf

High-level political, governmental and regulatory decision makers, as well as representatives of economic and social groups and implementing organisations met in Berne, Switzerland to present and to reflect on their collective experience towards meeting the challenge of implementing national disposal projects for placing radioactive waste in deep geological formations. This summary highlights the main lessons to be learnt and final recommendations to assist future developments in national radioactive waste management programmes seeking to meet both technical and social imperatives of modern society.

top

A Common Objective, a Variety of Paths

Third International Conference on Geological Repositories, Berne, Switzerland, 15-17 October 2007
English, published: 10/16/09
NEA#6875, ISBN: 978-92-64-99101-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/6875-icgr2007.pdf

High-level political, governmental and regulatory decision makers, as well as representatives of economic and social groups and implementing organisations met in Berne, Switzerland to present and to reflect on their collective experience towards meeting the challenge of implementing national disposal projects for placing radioactive waste in deep geological formations. These proceedings include the papers presented at the conference as well as a summary which highlights the main lessons to be learnt and final recommendations to assist future developments in national radioactive waste management programmes seeking to meet both technical and social imperatives of modern society.

top

Approaches and Challenges for the Use of Geological Information in the Safety Case for Deep Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Third AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Nancy, France, 15-17 April 2008
English, 76 pages, published: 10/09/09
NEA#6417, ISBN: 978-92-64-99090-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/AMIGO-3/index.html

A cornerstone of national decision making and societal acceptance of deep geological disposal of radioactive waste is confidence that such repositories can protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. The “safety case” is the synthesis of evidence, analyses and arguments that quantify and substantiate a claim that the repository will be safe after closure and beyond the time when active control of the facility is ensured. For deep geological disposal, studies of the geosphere form a principal component of the safety case. Geoscientific information is unique in that it can offer evidence and lines of reasoning that span geological timescales (millennia and even longer).

The NEA Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case (AMIGO) project addresses the collection and integration of geoscientific evidence, analyses and arguments that contribute to an understanding of long-term safety. The third and final AMIGO workshop on “Approaches and Challenges for the Use of Geological Information in the Safety Case” underscored that geoscientific information plays a fundamental role in safety assessments. It is also increasingly used in the wider context of the safety case to provide evidence and arguments for the intrinsically favourable properties of a site, including its long-term stability. No single geoscientific argument “proves” safety, but rather each supports some key element of the safety case and provides enhanced confidence in the safety case. The workshop also considered the links and feedback among the safety case; design, engineering and construction issues; and geoscientific investigations.

top

Considering Timescales in the Post-closure Safety of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

English, 160 pages, published: 03/13/09
NEA#6424, ISBN: 978-92-64-06058-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2009/6424-considering-timescales.pdf

A key challenge in the development of safety cases for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste is handling the long time frame over which the radioactive waste remains hazardous. The intrinsic hazard of the waste decreases with time, but some hazard remains for extremely long periods. Safety cases for geological disposal typically address performance and protection for thousands to millions of years into the future. Over such periods, a wide range of events and processes operating over many different timescales may impact on a repository and its environment. Uncertainties in the predictability of such factors increase with time, making it increasingly difficult to provide definite assurances of a repository's performance and the protection it may provide over longer timescales. Timescales, the level of protection and the assurance of safety are all linked.

Approaches to handling timescales for the geological disposal of radioactive waste are influenced by ethical principles, the evolution of the hazard over time, uncertainties in the evolution of the disposal system (and how these uncertainties themselves evolve) and the stability and predictability of the geological environment. Conversely, the approach to handling timescales can affect aspects of repository planning and implementation including regulatory requirements, siting decisions, repository design, the development and presentation of safety cases and the planning of pre- and post-closure institutional controls such as monitoring requirements. This is an area still under discussion among NEA member countries. This report reviews the current status and ongoing discussions of this issue.

top

Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (brochure)

It can and has been done
English, 8 pages, published: 10/23/09
NEA#6829
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/nea6829-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Il Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari
- German: Stilllegung kerntechnischer Anlagen (decommissioning brochure)
- Swedish: Avveckling av kärntekniska anläggningar
- Français: Démantèlement des installations nucléaires (brochure)
- Chinese: 核設施除役

Considerable international experience gained over the last 20 years demonstrates that nuclear facilities can be safely dismantled and decommissioned once a decision is made to cease operations and permanently shut them down. This brochure looks at decommissioning across a spectrum of nuclear facilities and shows worldwide examples of sucessful projects.

top

Expériences internationales des dossiers de sûreté pour les dépôts en formation géologique (INTESC) + CD-ROM

Résultats du projet INTESC
Français, 80 pages, published: 11/06/09
NEA#6252, ISBN: 978-92-64-99104-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/nea6252-INTESC-fr.pdf

Un « dossier de sûreté » est la synthèse des preuves, analyses et arguments qui permettent de quantifier et de justifier que le dépôt de déchets radioactifs en formation géologique restera sûr après sa fermeture et après que l'on puisse assurer une surveillance active de l'installation. Le projet de l'AEN sur les International Experiences in Safety Cases for Geological Repositories (INTESC) a consisté à analyser les dossiers de sûreté actuels et leurs éléments afin de dresser un bilan des avancées des dix dernières années, d'en dégager les principaux concepts et de préciser les attentes futures des autorités de sûreté concernant le contenu et l'examen des dossiers de sûreté. Ce rapport présente les résultats du projet INTESC. Il tient compte des réponses à une enquête détaillée réalisée auprès des pays membres de l'AEN et intègre les résultats d'un atelier technique.

Le projet a montré que la finalité et le concept même du dossier de sûreté sont généralement bien compris, acceptés et adoptés par les gestionnaires de déchets à travers le monde. Les dossiers de sûreté préparés reprennent la plupart des éléments proposés par l’AEN, même s’il existe quelques différences d’interprétation et de présentation. Des tendances importantes se dessinent comme l'utilisation des fonctions de sûreté et le rôle de la synthèse des connaissances géologiques. À mesure que les dossiers de sûreté seront affinés pour permettre aux programmes d’avancer vers l’étape de la mise en œuvre du dépôt, on pourra également s’attendre à de nouveaux progrès dans l'analyse de certains aspects et l'élaboration d'outils, tels que les programmes d'assurance de la qualité et les systèmes de gestion des spécifications.

top

International Experiences in Safety Cases for Geological Repositories (INTESC) + CD-ROM

Outcomes of the INTESC Project
English, 76 pages, published: 11/06/09
NEA#6251, ISBN: 978-92-64-99103-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/nea6251-INTESC-eng.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Expériences internationales des dossiers de sûreté pour les dépôts en formation géologique (INTESC) + CD-ROM

A “safety case” is the synthesis of evidence, analyses and arguments that quantify and substantiate a claim that a geological repository for radioactive waste will be safe after closure and beyond the time when active control of the facility can be ensured. The NEA project on International Experiences in Safety Cases for Geological Repositories (INTESC) analysed existing safety cases, and their elements, to provide an overview of progress during the last decade, to identify key concepts and to give insight into regulatory expectations on the contents and review of safety cases. This report documents the outcomes of the INTESC project. It takes account of the responses to a detailed survey of NEA member countries as well as the results of a technical workshop.

The project has shown that the purpose and concept of a safety case are generally understood, accepted and adopted by radioactive waste management programmes worldwide. Programmes are preparing safety cases in line with most of the elements suggested by the NEA, although there are some differences in interpretation and presentation. Some important trends are emerging, such as the use of safety functions and the role of a geosynthesis. Further development of some aspects and tools, such as quality assurance programmes and requirements management systems, can be expected as safety cases are further refined to support programmes moving towards implementation of geological disposal.

top

Natural Tracer Profiles Across Argillaceous Formations: The CLAYTRAC Project

English, 364 pages, published: 03/24/09
NEA#6253, ISBN: 978-92-64-06047-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2009/6253-claytract-project-2009.pdf

Disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel in engineered facilities, or repositories, located deep underground in suitable geological formations is being developed worldwide as the reference solution to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. An important aspect of assessing the long-term safety of deep geological disposal is developing a comprehensive understanding of the geological environment in order to define the initial conditions for the disposal system as well as to provide a sound scientific basis for projecting its future evolution. The transport pathways and mechanisms by which contaminants could migrate in the surrounding host rock are key elements in any safety case. Relevant experiments in laboratories or underground test facilities can provide important information, but the challenge remains in being able to extrapolate the results to the spatial and temporal scales required for performance assessment, which are typically tens to hundreds of metres and from thousands to beyond a million years into the future. Profiles of natural tracers dissolved in pore water of argillaceous rock formations can be considered as large-scale and long-term natural experiments which enable the transport properties to be characterised.

The CLAYTRAC Project on Natural Tracer Profiles Across Argillaceous Formations was established by the NEA Clay Club to evaluate the relevance of natural tracer data in understanding past geological evolution and in confirming dominant transport processes. Data were analysed for nine sites to support scientific understanding and development of geological disposal. The outcomes of the project show that, for the sites and clay-rich formations that were studied, there is strong evidence that solute transport is controlled mainly by diffusion. The results can improve site understanding and performance assessment in the context of deep geological disposal and have the potential to be applied to other sites and contexts.

top

Regional Development and Community Support for Radioactive Waste Management (web only)

Synthesis of the FSC National Workshop and Community Visit, Tengelic and Bataapati, Hungary, 14-17 November 2006
English, 78 pages, published: 10/16/09
NEA#6258, ISBN: 978-92-64-99102-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/6258-FSC-Hungary.pdf

In November 2006, Hungary hosted the 6th National Workshop and Community Visit of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC). Participants included institutional authorities, local residents and stakeholders, 11 mayors and more than 30 FSC delegates from 12 countries. The workshop focused on those factors that contribute either to the success or failure of the siting process for a radioactive waste repository. Experience gained in Hungary over the past two decades provided the context for the discussions. The workshop highlighted the role and modes of operation of local public oversight and information associations, which proved to be instrumental in reaching an agreement between the implementer and the local communities. The workshop included a visit to the community of Bátaapáti and the ongoing project site for an underground repository for short-lived, low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW).

top

Stability and Buffering Capacity of the Geosphere for Long-term Isolation of Radioactive Waste: Application to Crystalline Rock

Workshop Proceedings, Manchester, United Kingdom, 13-15 November 2007
English, 304 pages, published: 03/20/09
NEA#6362, ISBN: 978-92-64-06056-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2009/6362-stability-buffering.pdf

Geological settings selected as potential host formations for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste are chosen for, among other assets, their long-term stability and buffering capacity against disruptive or destabilising events and processes. The NEA Integration Group for the Safety Case organised a workshop on geosphere stability to develop a better understanding of the scientific evidence and arguments that contribute to confidence in the geological stability for deep geological disposal.

These proceedings present the outcomes of a geosphere stability workshop, held in November 2007, that focused on crystalline and other types of hard, fractured rocks. The workshop underscored the fact that many such rocks are intrinsically stable environments that evolve extremely slowly and provide good buffering against external events and processes. There is a good understanding of the processes and events that can affect crystalline rocks and, although there is less confidence in predicting exactly when and where such events will occur and the volume of rock that will be affected, the extent of the impacts on a geological repository can be confidently addressed using bounding approaches supported by geological information from similar sites around the world.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Dispositions réglementaires pour le déclassement des installations nucléaires

Points importants et pratiques émergentes
Français, 88 pages, published: 09/25/08
NEA#6402, ISBN: 978-92-64-99060-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/ne6402-declassement.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Regulating the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

L’enlèvement des matières irradiées et plus particulièrement du combustible à l'issue de l'arrêt définitif d'une installation élimine la source principale de risque radiologique, le risque de criticité. Associé à l'arrêt de l'exploitation et à l'utilisation de procédés à haute température et pression, il induit une diminution significative des risques à la santé publique et à l'environnement. Les procédés utilisés lors des opérations de démantèlement – pour la découpe et le démontage de structures – induisent à la fois des risques conventionnels et radiologiques, comme par exemple les découpes à l'explosif. Des risques radiologiques demeurent en raison de la possibilité d'entrer en contact avec des matériels contaminés ou activés.

Ce rapport présente la nécessaire adaptation des contraintes réglementaires et aux risques associés liés aux opérations de démantèlement. Il présente des exemples de pratiques mises en œuvre dans plusieurs pays qui mènent de grands programmes de déclassement pour illustrer les nouvelles tendances réglementaires.

top

Libération des matériaux et bâtiments radioactifs du contrôle réglementaire

Rapport de synthèse
Français, 76 pages, published: 12/31/08
NEA#6404, ISBN: 978-92-64-99062-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2009/nea6404_Liberatin_des_materiaux.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Release of Radioactive Materials and Buildings from Regulatory Control

En radioprotection, on entend par « libération » la décision prise par l'autorité compétente de lever tous les contrôles réglementaires appliqués jusqu'alors aux matériaux et bâtiments radioactifs. Cette décision se fonde généralement sur l'hypothèse que, si la décision de libération a été prise, alors toute dose d'exposition éventuelle ne sera que négligeable.

Ce concept de libération, aujourd'hui bien rodé, est utilisé pour gérer des matériaux radioactifs en grandes quantités (métaux, gravats, câbles, matières plastiques, etc.) mais aussi des bâtiments désaffectés qui étaient le siège d'une activité nucléaire contrôlée. On note toutefois des différences dans la manière de traiter la question de la libération dans la réglementation des différents pays ainsi que dans la mise en œuvre du concept suivant les projets de démantèlement.

Ce rapport propose aux lecteurs les dernières informations disponibles sur les différentes approches nationales de la libération. Il est destiné plus particulièrement à tous ceux qui s'apprêtent à entreprendre une procédure de libération, par exemple pour le démantèlement d'une installation nucléaire.

top

Moving Forward with Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

A Collective Statement by the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC)
English, 24 pages, published: 09/01/08
NEA#6433, ISBN: 978-92-64-99057-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/nea6433-statement.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Progresser sur la voie du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs

The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) has underscored the environmental and ethical basis for geological disposal as well as its technical feasibility in a number of previous collective statements. In the intervening period there have been advances and evolving views regarding the appropriate methodologies, policies, and decision-making processes. In addition much further practical experience has accumulated regarding the development of geological repositories. The RWMC expresses herewith, in a concise form, its collective views on why geological disposal remains an appropriate waste management choice for the disposal of the most hazardous and long-lived radioactive wastes, on the current status of geological disposal, on challenges and opportunities for implementation, and expectations for further developments.

top

Progresser sur la voie du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs

Déclaration collective du Comité de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (RWMC) de l'AEN
Français, 24 pages, published: 09/01/08
NEA#6434, ISBN: 978-92-64-99058-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/nea6434-declaration.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Moving Forward with Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Le Comité de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (RWMC) de l’AEN a mis en avant les fondements environnementaux et éthiques relatifs au stockage géologique et s’est prononcé sur sa faisabilité technique par l’intermédiaire de plusieurs déclarations collectives antérieures. Depuis leur publication, aucun élément nouveau n'est venu remettre en cause leurs principales conclusions. Cependant, s’agissant des méthodologies, stratégies et processus de décision sur le sujet, des progrès ont été accomplis et les points de vue ont évolué. Le RWMC exprime ci-après, de manière concise, son opinion collective sur les raisons pour lesquelles le stockage géologique demeure une solution appropriée pour la gestion des déchets les plus dangereux et à vie longue. Il précise également l’état d’avancement des réflexions sur le stockage géologique, les défis et avantages de sa mise en œuvre ainsi que les attentes concernant les futurs développements.

top

Regulating the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

Relevant Issues and Emerging Practices
English, 84 pages, published: 09/25/08
NEA#6401, ISBN: 978-92-64-99059-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/ne6401-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dispositions réglementaires pour le déclassement des installations nucléaires

The removal of fuel from a permanently shutdown nuclear facility eliminates the major source of radiological hazard, a nuclear criticality. Combined with the cessation of operations at high temperatures and pressures, the risk to public health and to the environment is thereby very significantly reduced. The process of decommissioning does however necessitate processes involving both conventional and radiological hazards such as the cutting and dismantling of structures, plant and equipment and the use of explosive cutting techniques. Some radiological hazards remain because of the possibility of coming into contact with radioactively contaminated or activated material.

This report considers how regulatory arrangements are being adapted to the continuously changing environment, and associated risk levels in a nuclear facility that is being decommissioned. It uses examples of current practices in several countries with large decommissioning programmes to illustrate emerging regulatory trends.

top

Regulating the Long-term Safety of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Practical Issues and Challenges

Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28-30 November 2006
English, 168 pages, published: 07/10/08
NEA#6423, ISBN: 978-92-64-04812-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2008/6423-regulating-long-term-safety.pdf

Regulating the long-term safety of geological disposal of radioactive waste is a key part of making progress on the radioactive waste management issue. A survey of member countries has shown that differences exist both in the protection criteria being applied and in the methods for demonstrating compliance, reflecting historical and cultural differences between countries which in turn result in a diversity of decision-making approaches and frameworks. At the same time, however, these differences in criteria are unlikely to result in significant differences in long-term protection, as all the standards being proposed are well below levels at which actual effects of radiological exposure can be observed and a range of complementary requirements is foreseen.

In order to enable experts from a wide range of backgrounds to debate the various aspects of these findings, the NEA organised an international workshop in November 2006 in Paris, France. Discussions focused on diversity in regulatory processes; the basis and tools for assuring long-term protection; ethical responsibilities of one generation to later generations and how these can be discharged; and adapting regulatory processes to the long time frames involved in implementing geological disposal. These proceedings include a summary of the viewpoints expressed as well as the 22 papers presented at the workshop.

top

Release of Radioactive Materials and Buildings from Regulatory Control

A Status Report
English, 72 pages, published: 11/19/08
NEA#6403, ISBN: 978-92-64-99061-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/nea6403-regulatory.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Libération des matériaux et bâtiments radioactifs du contrôle réglementaire

The radiological concept of clearance can be defined as the release of radioactive materials or buildings from any further regulatory control applied for radiological protection purposes by the competent body. It is generally based on the assumption that, following clearance, any potential radiological exposure of the public will be trivial.

Clearance is now a mature concept being used for the management of large amounts of radioactive materials (including metals, building rubble, cables and plastics) and disused buildings associated with a controlled nuclear activity. There are, however, differences in the ways in which clearance is dealt with in the regulatory frameworks of various countries and the ways in which clearance has been implemented in diverse decommissioning projects.

This report provides up-to-date information on an array of national approaches to clearance. It should be of particular help to those planning the implementation of a clearance procedure, such as that for decommissioning a nuclear facility.

top

Réglementation de la sûreté à long terme du stockage géologique

Vers une compréhension commune des objectifs principaux et des fondements des critères de sûreté
Français, 88 pages, published: 03/21/08
NEA#6175, ISBN: 978-92-64-99048-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/nea6175-surete.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Regulating the Long-term Safety of Geological Disposal

La réglementation de la sûreté à long terme du stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs pose des défis particuliers en raison des vastes échelles de temps concernées. Ce rapport a été préparé afin de promouvoir une compréhension commune des objectifs fondamentaux et des critères de sûreté des dépôts en formation géologique profonde. Il indique des orientations importantes pour les programmes nationaux dont le développement ou le perfectionnement de la réglementation est en cours. Une compréhension commune pourrait aussi aider à une communication plus claire et à une meilleure compréhension des critères réglementaires par le public.

top

Safety Cases for Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand?

Symposium Proceedings, Paris, France, 23-25 January 2007
English, 424 pages, published: 04/30/08
NEA#6319, ISBN: 978-92-64-99050-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2008/ne6319-safety.pdf

The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) hosted an international symposium on “Safety Cases for the Deep Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where Do We Stand?” in January 2007. The NEA has spearheaded important developments in defining, and in developing methodologies to support, demonstrations of safety for deep disposal, including a similar symposium nearly two decades ago that provided the basis for a 1991 NEA collective opinion that the technical basis and methods exist for undertaking safety assessment of deep geological disposal. The 2007 symposium, co-sponsored by the European Commission and the International Atomic Energy Agency, provided the opportunity to review progress and to identify emerging trends and challenges. It brought together experts in the field of radioactive waste disposal from waste management organisations, regulatory agencies, scientific support organisations, international agencies, private sector consultants, and public interest groups both within and beyond NEA member countries.

The symposium showed that safety cases for radioactive waste disposal have evolved to become important tools both to assess safety and to aid in decision making. There is a good, shared understanding of what a safety case is and what comprises its main components. Importantly, the concept of a safety case today encompasses not only quantitative assessments of potential repository performance but also includes additional (and often more qualitative) lines of evidence and arguments that can contribute to confidence in safety. There has been significant evolution in terms of the analytical tools, lines of evidence, range of performance indicators and communication of the safety case. The value of international co-operation and dialogue in developing the concept and methodology of safety cases was underscored. These proceedings describe the discussions and conclusions of the symposium, and provide copies of the technical papers presented.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Changements culturels et organisationnels dans les organismes de gestion des déchets radioactifs

Enseignements tirés
Français, 44 pages, published: 12/12/07
NEA#6181, ISBN: 978-92-64-99037-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6181-culturel.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Cultural and Structural Changes in Radioactive Waste Management Organisations

L'environnement sociopolitique de la gestion des déchets radioactifs a connu de profonds changements ces dernières années. La concertation avec les parties prenantes est devenue l’un des principes directeurs. Comment se sont adaptés les organismes gestionnaires des déchets à cette nouvelle donne ? Comment trouver l'équilibre entre la nécessité de transparence et la préoccupation croissante de sauvegarder la sécurité des installations ? Trouve-t-on des organismes qui ont réussi la transition d’une culture technocentriste à une culture axée sur le client ? Quelle opposition a été rencontrée ? Quels outils et instruments ont aidé les organismes à évoluer?

Ce rapport documente les changements observés par les gestionnaires de ce secteur, et place ces changements dans un cadre d'analyse provenant des sciences de l'organisation. L'expérience et les analyses rapportées seront d’intérêt pour tous ceux qui cherchent à savoir plus sur les changements opérés dans le domaine de la gestion des déchets radioactifs, ou dont la propre organisation – tous secteurs confondus – est appelée à s'adapter à la nouvelle donne sociale.

top

Créer un lien durable entre une installation de gestion de déchets et sa collectivité d'accueil

Valeur ajoutée à travers la conception et les processus
Français, 72 pages, published: 06/14/07
NEA#6177, ISBN: 978-92-64-99016-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6177-lien.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Fostering a Durable Relationship between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community
- Swedish: Att skapa en hållbar relation mellan en avfallsanläggning för hantering av radioaktivt avfall och dess värdkommun

Tout projet de gestion de déchets radioactifs à long terme durera vraisemblablement des décennies, voire des siècles. Il nécessitera un site et influera de bien de manières sur la communauté environnante pendant toute cette période. L’adoption d’une solution durable d’un commun accord est essentielle à sa réussite. Le présent rapport identifie plusieurs éléments de conception (notamment des caractéristiques d’ordre fonctionnel, culturel et physique) pouvant favoriser l’instauration d’un lien durable entre l’installation et sa collectivité d’accueil, grâce à l’amélioration de ses perspectives de qualité de vie sur plusieurs générations.

top

Cultural and Structural Changes in Radioactive Waste Management Organisations

Lessons Learnt
English, 44 pages, published: 12/12/07
NEA#6180, ISBN: 978-92-64-99036-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6180-cultural.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Changements culturels et organisationnels dans les organismes de gestion des déchets radioactifs

In recent years the socio-political environment of radioactive waste management (RWM) has been changing in a significant way. Stakeholder dialogue has become a leading principle. How have RWM organisations adapted to this societal transition? How do they balance the requirement of openness and the increasing concerns over the security of facilities? Are there organisations that have successfully changed from a technical- to a customer-focused culture? What resistance was met? Which tools and instruments helped organisations evolve?

This report documents the changes observed by RWM managers and sets those changes in an organisational sciences framework. All those who are intent on learning about the changes that have taken place in the field of radioactive waste management, or whose own organisations in any sector must adapt to societal demand, will be interested by the experience and insight reported here.

top

Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Safety Case: Design Confirmation and Demonstration

Workshop Proceedings, Tokyo, Japan, 12-15 September 2006
English, 150 pages, published: 11/21/07
NEA#6257, ISBN: 978-92-64-03995-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6257-EBS-design-confirmation.pdf

The presence of several barriers serving complementary safety functions enhances confidence that radioactive waste placed in deep geological repositories will be adequately isolated and contained to protect human health and the environment. The barriers include the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system (EBS). The EBS itself may comprise a variety of sub-systems or components, such as the waste form, container, buffer, backfill, seals and plugs. Given the importance of this subject, the Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) sponsored a series of workshops with the European Commission to develop greater understanding of how to achieve the necessary integration for the successful design, testing, modelling and performance assessment of EBS for deep underground disposal of radioactive waste.

These proceedings present the main findings from, and the papers delivered at, the fourth NEA-EC workshop on EBS, which took place in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2006. This final workshop of the series focused on strategies and methods to demonstrate that EBS designs will fulfil the relevant requirements for long-term safety, engineering feasibility and quality assurance. The workshop highlighted that large-scale experiments have confirmed the feasibility of techniques for manufacturing and installing engineered components in disposal systems and have also provided valuable lessons to improve designs and refine practical aspects to construct and implement EBS.

top

Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Safety Case: The Role of Modelling

Workshop Proceedings, La Coruna, Spain, 24-26 August 2005
English, 192 pages, published: 02/16/07
NEA#6118, ISBN: 978-92-64-00664-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6118-EBS-role-of-modelling.pdf

In the deep disposal of radioactive waste, the presence of several barriers serving complementary safety functions enhances confidence that the waste will be isolated and contained to protect human health and the environment. The barriers include the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system (EBS). The EBS itself may comprise a variety of sub-systems or components, such as the waste form, container, buffer, backfill, seals and plugs. The Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is co-sponsoring a series of workshops with the European Commission to develop greater understanding of how to achieve the necessary integration for the successful design, testing, modelling and performance assessment of engineered barrier systems (EBS) for deep underground disposal of radioactive waste.

These proceedings include the main findings and presented papers from the third NEA-EC workshop on engineered barrier systems, which focused on the role of EBS modelling in the safety case for deep disposal. Some national programmes are placing increased emphasis on EBS and, as implementation of underground repositories approaches, more realistic assessments of EBS performance are needed. The workshop examined the modelling tools currently available and identified complex areas of assessment in which further dialogue is needed.

top

Financement du démantèlement : éthique, mise en œuvre, incertitudes

Rapport de synthèse
Français, 44 pages, published: 08/28/07
NEA#5997, ISBN: 978-92-64-99029-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea5997-demantelement.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Decommissioning Funding: Ethics, Implementation, Uncertainties

Ce rapport de synthèse sur le Financement du démantèlement : éthique, mise en œuvre, incertitudes a été rédigé en s’appuyant sur la littérature récente et sur les informations présentées lors des réunions de l’AEN en 2003 et en 2004, notamment lors de la session thématique organisée en novembre 2004 sur le financement du démantèlement d’installations nucléaires. Ce rapport tire aussi parti de l’expérience du Groupe de travail de l’AEN sur le déclassement et le démantèlement (WPDD).

Sous une forme concise, il passe en revue les considérations que les mécanismes de financement du démantèlement suscitent en matière d’éthique, de mise en œuvre et d’incertitudes. Il présente les principes éthiques de base contenus dans les accords internationaux, décrit les facteurs influant sur la constitution et la gestion de fonds destinés au démantèlement d’installations nucléaires et expose les principales sources d’incertitudes des systèmes de financement.

top

Fostering a Durable Relationship between a Waste Management Facility and its Host Community

Adding Value through Design and Process
English, 60 pages, published: 06/14/07
NEA#6176, ISBN: 978-92-64-99015-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6176-fostering.pdf

Other language(s):
- Swedish: Att skapa en hållbar relation mellan en avfallsanläggning för hantering av radioaktivt avfall och dess värdkommun
- Français: Créer un lien durable entre une installation de gestion de déchets et sa collectivité d'accueil

Any long-term radioactive waste management project is likely to last decades to centuries. It requires a physical site and will impact in a variety of ways on the surrounding community over that whole period. The societal durability of an agreed solution is essential to success. This report identifies a number of design elements (including functional, cultural and physical features) that favour a durable relationship between the facility and its host community by improving prospects for quality of life across generations.

top

Implication des parties prenantes dans le déclassement des installations nucléaires

Enseignements internationaux
Français, 44 pages, published: 06/14/07
NEA#6321, ISBN: 978-92-64-99012-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6321-parties-prenantes.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Stakeholder Involvement in Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities

Un nombre significatif d’installations nucléaires devra être démantelé dans les prochaines décennies. Dans ce contexte, les pays membres de l’AEN accordent de plus en plus d’importance à l’implication des parties prenantes dans les processus de prise de décision. Cette étude passe en revue l'expérience acquise afin d’identifier d’une part les questions que les parties prenantes posent et d’autre part les meilleures approches pour y répondre. Les enseignements sur la fin du cycle de vie de ces installations peuvent aussi contribuer à mieux prévoir la localisation et la construction d’installations nouvelles. Ce rapport intéressera tous les acteurs principaux dans le domaine du déclassement, et notamment les politiques, les exploitants, les régulateurs et les représentants des communautés locales.

top

Linkage of Geoscientific Arguments and Evidence in Supporting the Safety Case

Second AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Toronto, Canada, 20-22 September 2005
English, 275 pages, published: 06/22/07
NEA#6119, ISBN: 978-92-64-01966-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6119-linkage-geoscientific-arguments-safety-case.pdf

The long-term safety of deep disposal of radioactive waste will be strongly dependent on the performance of the geological setting. The geology fulfils important safety functions including isolating the waste from human contact or intrusion, providing a stable physical and chemical environment, insulating against external disturbances, and preventing or delaying the transport of radioactive materials away from the waste. Thus, a sound understanding of the geology's history and evolution is central in supporting assessments that examine the long-term performance and safety of deep disposal. Geological data can also play an important role in other related activities, such as site selection and repository design.

Through a series of technical workshops, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) project on Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case (AMIGO), is devoted to defining and improving the collection and use of geological evidence that contribute to the understanding of long-term safety for radioactive waste disposal. The second AMIGO workshop was organised in Canada in September 2005. It examined how geoscientific arguments and data are compiled and linked to create a unified description of the geological setting to support a safety case. It also examined practical aspects and limitations in collecting, linking, extrapolating and communicating such information. These proceedings present the outcomes of the workshop.

top

Radioactive Waste Management in Spain: Co-ordination and Projects

FSC Workshop Proceedings, L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Spain, 21-23 November 2005
English, 142 pages, published: 11/07/07
NEA#6116, ISBN: 978-92-64-03941-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2007/6116-fsc-workshop-spain.pdf

The sixth workshop of the OECD/NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) was hosted by ENRESA, the Spanish agency responsible for the management of radioactive waste and the dismantling of nuclear power plants, and the Council of Nuclear Safety (CSN), with the support of the Association of Spanish Municipalities in Areas Surrounding Nuclear Power Plants (AMAC). The workshop took place at L'Hospitalet de l'Infant, Catalonia, Spain, on 21-23 November 2005.

At this workshop, Spanish stakeholders and delegates from 14 countries discussed current co-ordination of radioactive waste management decision making in Spain. Findings were shared from Cowam-Spain, a co-operative research project on the involvement of local stakeholders, the relationship between national and local levels of decision making, and the long-term sustainability of decisions regarding the siting of a centralised interim storage facility for high-level waste. These proceedings include the workshop presentations and discussions, as well as the rapporteurs' reflections on what was learned about policy making and participative decision making.

top

Regulating the Long-term Safety of Geological Disposal

Towards a Common Understanding of the Main Objectives and Bases of Safety Criteria
English, 84 pages, published: 12/30/07
NEA#6182, ISBN: 978-92-64-99031-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6182-regulating.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Réglementation de la sûreté à long terme du stockage géologique

Regulating the long-term safety of geological disposal of radioactive waste poses special challenges due to the very long timescales involved. This report has been prepared to help foster a common understanding of the fundamental safety objectives of deep geological repositories and the applicable criteria. It provides important guidance for the national programmes that are developing or refining regulations. A common understanding may also contribute to clearer communication and public understanding of regulatory criteria.

top

Stakeholder Involvement in Decommissioning Nuclear Facilities

International Lessons Learnt
English, 40 pages, published: 06/14/07
NEA#6320, ISBN: 978-92-64-99011-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2007/nea6320-stakeholder.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Implication des parties prenantes dans le déclassement des installations nucléaires

Significant numbers of nuclear facilities will need to be decommissioned in the coming decades. In this context, NEA member countries are placing increasing emphasis on the involvement of stakeholders in the associated decision procedures. This study reviews decommissioning experience with a view to identifying stakeholder concerns and best practice in addressing them. The lessons learnt about the end of the facility life cycle can also contribute to better foresight in siting and building new facilities. This report will be of interest to all major players in the field of decommissioning, in particular policy makers, implementers, regulators and representatives of local host communities.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Choisir des stratégies de démantèlement des installations nucléaires

Rapport de synthèse
Français, 48 pages, published: 10/02/06
NEA#6160, ISBN: 92-64-02306-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6160-demantelement.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Selecting Strategies for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

Ce rapport de synthèse sur la façon de Choisir des stratégies de démantèlement des installations nucléaires repose sur les points de vue et les informations présentés au cours d'un séminaire organisé à Tarragone, en Espagne, du 1er au 4 septembre 2003 ainsi que sur l'expérience du Groupe de travail de l'AEN sur le déclassement et le démantèlement (WPDD). Il met en évidence, passe en revue et analyse les facteurs qui gouvernent les stratégies de démantèlement et se penche sur les problèmes soulevés par la recherche d'un compromis entre ces différents facteurs lors du choix d'une stratégie. Il prend en considération le fait que, parallèlement aux caractéristiques techniques, de nombreux autres facteurs qui ne peuvent être quantifiés influent sur le choix des stratégies de démantèlement : politiques, aspects réglementaires et socioéconomiques et divers autres facteurs ayant une portée dans un avenir éloigné. Les incertitudes associées à ces facteurs constituent un véritable défi pour ceux qui ont à prendre des décisions sur la stratégie de démantèlement.

Ce rapport sera susceptible d'intéresser les autorités de sûreté, les gestionnaires de déchets, les experts de R-D et les décideurs politiques confrontés à des problèmes de déclassement et de démantèlement ainsi que les politiciens, les décideurs et le grand public dans son ensemble.

top

Comprendre les attentes de la société dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs et s'y adapter

Enseignements principaux et expériences du Forum sur la confiance des parties prenantes
Français, 72 pages, published: 02/07/06
NEA#5297, ISBN: 92-64-01080-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea5297-societe.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Learning and Adapting to Societal Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management

Ce rapport présente une synthèse des enseignements tirés par le Forum de l'AEN sur la confiance des parties prenantes (FSC) concernant la gouvernance de la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs. La plupart des conclusions s'appliquent à tout processus public d'élaboration de politiques, et ne se limitent pas à la gestion des déchets radioactifs. En se sens, ce rapport peut servir d'initiation aux problèmes concrets de gouvernance que pose toute décision complexe impliquant la collectivité.

top

Decommissioning Funding: Ethics, Implementation, Uncertainties

A Status Report
English, 44 pages, published: 10/23/06
NEA#5996, ISBN: 92-64-02312-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea5996-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Financement du démantèlement : éthique, mise en œuvre, incertitudes

This status report on Decommissioning Funding: Ethics, Implementation, Uncertainties is based on a review of recent literature and materials presented at NEA meetings in 2003 and 2004, and particularly at a topical session organised in November 2004 on funding issues associated with the decommissioning of nuclear power facilities. The report also draws on the experience of the NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD).

This report offers, in a concise form, an overview of relevant considerations on decommissioning funding mechanisms with regard to ethics, implementation and uncertainties. Underlying ethical principles found in international agreements are identified, and factors influencing the accumulation and management of funds for decommissioning nuclear facilities are discussed together with the main sources of uncertainties of funding systems.

top

Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Forming a New Approach in Germany

FSC Workshop Proceedings, Hitzacker and Hamburg, Germany, 5-8 October 2004
English, 116 pages, published: 05/16/06
NEA#6117, ISBN: 92-64-02439-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2006/6117-disposal-rw.pdf

Germany is exploring a new approach towards the final management of its radioactive waste. This international workshop, held in Germany, attracted 65 participants from 13 countries. A little more than half of the participants were German stakeholders.

During the workshop invited speakers, representing different groups of stakeholders, commented on relevant aspects of the new German approach being proposed. This served as a basis for subsequent round-table discussions.

These proceedings provide a historical introduction to radioactive waste management in Germany, give a detailed summary of the workshop presentations and discussions that took place, and also provide the NEA Secretariat's reflections which help place the main lessons of the workshop into a wider perspective. Five presentations - the three keynote papers and the two thematic reports - are also reproduced herein.

top

Libération des sites des installations nucléaires

Rapport de synthèse
Français, 40 pages, published: 09/27/06
NEA#6188, ISBN: 92-64-02308-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6188-liberation.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Releasing the Sites of Nuclear Installations

La libération des sites d'installations nucléaires des contrôles radiologiques est généralement l'une des dernières étapes du déclassement. À ce jour, seul un petit nombre de projets en ont fait l'objet car la plupart des projets ne sont pas à la veille d'une libération ou continueront d'être utilisés pour des activités nucléaires. Par conséquent, pour les projets de déclassement sur le point de planifier la libération de sites, ce rapport de synthèse fournit des informations utiles, fruit de l'expérience des pays membres de l'AEN et des avis des spécialistes.

Outre sa description des aspects fondamentaux à prendre en compte lors de la décision de libérer un site, ce rapport de synthèse contient des conseils relatifs à la définition des critères de libération. Le rapport aborde également les questions liées à la libération des sites dans la pratique, les techniques de mesure et la contamination souterraine. Il sera d'un intérêt particulier pour les autorités de sûreté, les gestionnaires de déchets, les chercheurs et les décideurs traitant des questions de déclassement et de démantèlement.

top

Radioactivity Measurements at Regulatory Release Levels

A Task Group Report
English, 96 pages, published: 12/04/06
NEA#6186, ISBN: 92-64-02319-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6186-release.pdf

The release of radioactive materials from regulatory control is subject to release limits which are often based on published recommendations of international organisations, which aim to minimise radiological risks. The application of the recommendations has thus led to limits being set at very low activity levels. Adequate methods of measurement must be available to demonstrate or verify that the activity levels are lower than the recommended values. Measurements would also have to be made under practical industrial conditions, where various constraints could significantly influence the results. Hence, the costs of activity measurements at extremely low levels on large quantities of equipment with complex geometries could be prohibitively high.

The NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (CPD) established a special Task Group to study these issues in an analytical and structured manner. This report describes the group’s findings regarding the objectives and methodology for radiological characterisation and the equipment used for measurements. The report also contains case studies from NEA member countries and a critical discussion of different methods and techniques.

top

Releasing the Sites of Nuclear Installations

A Status Report
English, 36 pages, published: 09/27/06
NEA#6187, ISBN: 92-64-02307-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6187-release.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Libération des sites des installations nucléaires

Releasing the site of a nuclear installation from radiological control is usually one of the last steps of decommissioning. To date, site release has been practised in a limited number of cases only as most decommissioning projects have not yet advanced to a state where the release of the site is imminent or because the site will continue to be used for nuclear activities. Therefore, for a number of decommissioning projects where planning for site release will soon start, this status report provides useful considerations based on NEA member country experience and expert advice.

In addition to describing the basic considerations which must be taken into account when deciding on the release of a site, the status report provides guidance on establishing release criteria. The report also addresses site release implementation, measurement techniques and underground contamination. It will be of particular interest to regulators, implementers, R&D experts and policy makers dealing with decommissioning and dismantling issues.

top

Safety of Geological Disposal of High-level and Long-lived Radioactive Waste in France

An International Peer Review of the “Dossier 2005 Argile” Concerning Disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian Formation
English, 80 pages, published: 07/17/06
NEA#6178, ISBN: 92-64-02299-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6178-argile.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Sûreté du stockage géologique de déchets radioactifs HAVL en France

A major activity of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) in the field of radioactive waste management is the organisation of international peer reviews of national studies and projects. The peer reviews help national programmes assess accomplished work. The general comments expressed in the reviews are also of potential interest to other member countries. The present review was carried out to inform the French Government whether the "Dossier 2005 Argile" prepared by the National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste (Andra) was consistent with international practices and whether future research needs were properly identified.

top

Selecting Strategies for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

A Status Report
English, 44 pages, published: 10/02/06
NEA#6038, ISBN: 92-64-02305-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6038-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Choisir des stratégies de démantèlement des installations nucléaires

This status report on Selecting Strategies for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities is based on the viewpoints and materials presented at a seminar held in Tarragona, Spain on 1-4 September 2003 as well as the experience of the NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD). It identifies, reviews and analyses factors influencing decommissioning strategies and addresses the challenges associated with balancing these factors in the process of strategy selection. It gives recognition to the fact that, in addition to technical characteristics, there are many other factors that influence the selection of a decommissioning strategy and that cannot be quantified, such as policy, regulatory and socio-economic factors and aspects that reach far into the future. Uncertainties associated with such factors are a challenge to those who have to take decisions on a decommissioning strategy.

Potentially interested groups of readers are regulators, implementers, R&D experts and policy makers dealing with decommissioning and dismantling issues as well as politicians, decision makers and the general public.

top

Sûreté du stockage géologique de déchets radioactifs HAVL en France

Examen international par des pairs du "Dossier 2005 Argile" concernant le stockage dans la formation du Callovo-Oxfordien
Français, 82 pages, published: 07/17/06
NEA#6179, ISBN: 92-64-02300-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6179-havl.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Safety of Geological Disposal of High-level and Long-lived Radioactive Waste in France

L'une des principales activités de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) dans le domaine de la gestion des déchets radioactifs est d'organiser des examens internationaux d'études et de projets nationaux. Les examens aident les programmes nationaux à évaluer des travaux réalisés. Les observations d'ordre général faites dans les rapports des examens peuvent également présenter un intérêt pour d'autres pays membres. Cet examen a été mené afin d'informer le gouvernement français si le "Dossier 2005 Argile" élaboré par l'Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (Andra) est en accord avec les pratiques internationales et si les futurs besoins en terme de recherche sont bien identifiés.

top

The NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning

A Decade of Progress
English, 96 pages, published: 12/20/06
NEA#6185, ISBN: 92-64-02332-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6185-decommissioning.pdf

The NEA Co-operative Programme for the Exchange of Scientific and Technical Information Concerning Nuclear Installation Decommissioning Projects (CPD) is a joint undertaking which functions within the framework of an agreement between 21 organisations actively executing or planning the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. The objective of the CPD is to acquire and share information from operational experience in the decommissioning of nuclear installations that is useful for future projects. The information exchange also ensures that best international practice is made widely available and encourages the application of safe, environmentally friendly and cost-effective methods in all decommissioning projects. By the end of 2006, the Programme scope included 26 reactors, 8 reprocessing plants and 8 fuel facility projects.

This report describes the progress made and the main results obtained by the CPD during 1995-2005. Although part of the information exchanged within the CPD is confidential and restricted to programme participants, experience of general interest gained under the programme’s auspices is released for broader use. Such information is brought to the attention of all NEA members through regular reports to the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC), as well as through experience summary documents such as this report. The RWMC Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD) is grateful to the CPD for sharing the experience from its important work.

top

The Roles of Storage in the Management of Long-lived Radioactive Waste

Practices and Potentialities in OECD Countries
English, 64 pages, published: 12/01/06
NEA#6043, ISBN: 92-64-02315-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2006/nea6043-storage.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Les rôles de l'entreposage dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs à vie longue

This report examines the roles that storage plays, or might play, in radioactive waste management in OECD/NEA member countries. A better understanding of these roles provides valuable input to current debates on the end-points of long-lived radioactive waste management. The report focuses on spent nuclear fuel, high-level waste from reprocessing and other long-lived, solid radioactive wastes.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Achieving the Goals of the Decommissioning Safety Case

A Status Report
English, 40 pages, published: 12/30/05
NEA#5417, ISBN: 92-64-01068-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5417-decom.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers la réalisation d'un dossier de sûreté de démantèlement

The key issue in the decommissioning of nuclear facilities is the progressive removal of hazards, by stepwise decontamination and dismantling activities that have to be carried out safely and within the boundaries of an approved safety case. The decommissioning safety case is a collection of arguments and evidence to demonstrate the safety of a decommissioning project. The safety case involves analysing the hazards and the separate stages required for hazard reduction. This status report, drawn from the activities of the OECD/NEA Working Party on Decommissioning and Dismantling (WPDD), will be helpful to individuals and organisations involved in the preparation of a decommissioning safety case.

top

Clay Club Catalogue of Characteristics of Argillaceous Rocks

English, 72 pages, published: 09/02/05
NEA#4436, ISBN: 92-64-01067-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea4436-argillaceous-catalogue.pdf

The OECD/NEA Working Group on the Characterisation, the Understanding and the Performance of Argillaceous Rocks as Repository Host Formations, namely the "Clay Club", examines the various argillaceous rocks that are being considered for the deep geological disposal of radioactive waste, i.e. from plastic, soft, poorly indurated clays to brittle, hard mudstones or shales. The Clay Club considered it necessary and timely to provide a catalogue to gather in a structured way the key geoscientific characteristics of the various argillaceous formations that are - or were - studied in NEA member countries with regard to radioactive waste disposal. The present catalogue represents the outcomes of this Clay Club initiative.

top

Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case

Process Issues - Workshop Proceedings, Las Vegas, United States, 14-17 September 2004
English, 156 pages, published: 09/23/05
NEA#6001, ISBN: 92-64-01313-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6001-ebs-process-issues.pdf

The integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is co-sponsoring a project with the European Commission to develop a greater understanding of how to achieve the necessary integration for successful design, construction, testing, modelling an performance assessment of engineered barrier systems (EBS). These proceedings include the main findings and presented papers from the second workshop of the EC-NEA EBS project, which covered inter alia research and development work on pre- and post-closure processes; thermal management; thermal, hydraulic, mechanical and chemical process models; and repository design. The workshop was hosted by the US Department of Energy in Las Vegas, USA, on 14-17 September 2004.

top

Favoriser la participation des parties prenantes

Guide pratique des outils et bibliographie annotée
Français, 56 pages, published: 12/06/05
NEA#6040, ISBN: 92-64-01074-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6040-parties-prenantes.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Stakeholder Involvement Techniques

L'implication des parties prenantes, notamment par le dialogue et la délibération, peut améliorer la qualité et la durabilité des décisions prises par les pouvoirs publics. Cette publication offre au lecteur un guide concis aux techniques visant à s'assurer la participation des parties prenantes ainsi que les critères de sélection y afférents. Elle comporte aussi une bibliographie annotée indiquant les ouvrages et les autres ressources que l'on peut facilement se procurer sur le sujet. Bien que cette publication aborde la question sous l'angle de la gestion des déchets radioactifs, elle s'adresse aussi à toute personne ou organisation qui envisage une participation des parties prenantes dans le processus décisionnel.

top

Geological Repositories: Political and Technical Progress

Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 8-10 December 2003
English, 250 pages, published: 02/25/05
NEA#5299, ISBN: 92-64-00830-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2005/5299-political-technical-progress.pdf

Various long-term radioactive waste management options have been considered in order to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. Most experts worldwide agree that disposal in engineered facilities, or repositories, located in appropriate formations deep underground, provides a suitable option. Engineered geological disposal is seen as a radioactive waste management end-point providing security and safety in a sustainable manner that does not necessarily require monitoring, maintenance and institutional control. Internationally, this option is regarded to be technically feasible, acceptable from an ethical and environmental viewpoint, as well as acceptable from an international legal perspective.

The Stockholm International Conference on Geological Repositories: Political and Technical Progress brought together over 200 high-level decision makers and other interested stakeholders from the national, regional and local levels. Regulatory bodies and radioactive waste management implementing organisations also took part. In addition to providing a forum for the exchange of the most up-to-date information in the field, it also served to strengthen international co-operation on radioactive waste management and disposal issues.

top

International Peer Reviews for Radioactive Waste Management

General Information and Guidelines
Bilingual, 36 pages, published: 11/17/05
NEA#6082, ISBN: 92-64-01077-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6082-peer-review.pdf

International peer reviews as a working method is closely associated with OECD practice, where it is facilitated by the homogeneous membership and the high degree of trust shared by the member countries. International peer reviews of national radioactive waste management programmes, or of specific aspects of them, have been increasingly carried out over the past ten years. This document lays down the guidelines that the requesting country, the Secretariat and the international review team ought to have in mind when an international peer review is requested, organised or carried out.

La revue internationale par des pairs est un outil de travail étroitement lié aux pratiques de l'OCDE, dont l'emploi est facilité par l'homogénéité de ses pays membres et par la grande confiance qui règne entre eux. Des revues internationales par des pairs de programmes nationaux de gestion des déchets radioactifs, ou de certains de leurs aspects spécifiques, ont été réalisées de façon croissante depuis les dix dernières années. Ce document décrit les lignes directrices dont le pays demandeur, le Secrétariat et l'équipe internationale d'experts doivent tenir compte lorsqu'une revue internationale par des pairs est demandée, organisée ou réalisée.

top

La prise de décision par étapes dans la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs

Expérience, résultats et principes directeurs
Français, 84 pages, published: 06/01/05
NEA#6039, ISBN: 92-64-01055-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6039-decision-etapes.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Stepwise Approach to Decision Making for Long-term Radioactive Waste Management

Le processus de décision mis en place pour convevoir et mettre en oeuvre des modes de stockage à long terme des déchets radioactifs se déroule sur des décennies, comporte maintes étapes et fait intervenir une multitude d'acteurs. La clef de sa durabilité et de son succès est une grande flexibilité dans la conception et la conduite du processus. Des concepts tels que la "décision par étapes" et une "démarche itérative" offrent des moyens d'associer le public, en particulier les collectivités locales, à l'examen et à la planification des solutions envisagées pour le stockage des déchets radioactifs.

Cette étude de la décision par étapes dans la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs fait le point sur la situation, met en exergue la dimension sociale du processus et relève différents aspects de son application intéressant le spécialiste en sciences sociales et le spécialiste des déchets, constatant d'ailleurs une certaine convergence entre ces deux points de vue. Elle propose des principes généraux et objectifs d'action comme point de départ pour approfondir et améliorer ce concept.

top

Le démantèlement d'installations nucléaires

On peut le faire
Français, 8 pages, published: 10/14/05
NEA#6086
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6086-demantelement.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Facilities (Reprint)

Une des préoccupations majeures exprimée dans la production d'éléctricité d'origine nucléaire est que le démantèlement (déconstruction à un niveau donné) d'installations en fine de vie représente un problème majeur. L'expérience internationale démontre que cela n'est pas le cas. Cette brochure présente le démantèlement de la diversité des installations nucléaires au travers de projets mondiaux menés avec succès.

top

Management of Uncertainty in Safety Cases and the Role of Risk

Workshop Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, 2-4 February 2004
English, 236 pages, published: 02/25/05
NEA#5302, ISBN: 92-64-00878-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5302-management-uncertainty-risk.pdf

The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised a workshop on the "Management of Uncertainty in Safety Cases and the Role of Risk" in Stockholm, Sweden, on 2-4 February 2004. The workshop's main objective was to discuss different approaches to treating uncertainties in safety cases for radioactive waste management facilities, and more specifically how concepts of risk can be used in both post-closure safety cases and regulatory evaluations.This report includes a synthesis of the plenary presentations and the discussions that took place during the workshop. These proceedings will be of interest to waste repository safety assessors and managers.

top

NEA Sorption Project Phase II

Interpretation and Prediction of Radionuclide Sorption onto Substrates Relevant for Radioactive Waste Disposal Using Thermodynamic Sorption Models
English, 290 pages, published: 08/11/05
NEA#5992, ISBN: 92-64-01206-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5992-sorption-2.pdf

The modelling of the key process of radionuclide sorption is of great importance in assessing the performance or safety of deep and near-surface repositories for radioactive waste. The first phase of the NEA Sorption Project ran from 1997 to 1998, and highlighted the diversity in the details of the thermodynamic descriptions of sorption processes. Phase II of the NEA Sorption Project was initiated as a major international contribution towards demonstrating the consistency and applicability of different thermodynamic sorption models to support the selection of a sorption parameter, namely Kd values for safety assessments. It was implemented in the form of a comparative modelling exercise based on selected datasets for radionuclide sorption by both simple and complex materials.

This report presents the results of Phase II of the Sorption Project, conducted as a co-operative project under the auspices of the Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the OECD/NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC).

top

Programmes de gestion des déchets radioactifs dans les pays membres de l'AEN

Français, 124 pages, published: 12/22/05
NEA#5249, ISBN: 92-64-01212-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2005/5249-rwm-programmes-pays-membres.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Radioactive Waste Management Programmes in OECD/NEA Member Countries

Ces fiches présentent les programmes de gestion des déchets radioactifs de 20 des pays membres de l'OCDE/AEN. Elles compilent des informations sur les sources, les sortes et les quantités de déchets aussi bien que comment et par qui ils sont gérés. Le lecteur y trouvera également les coordonnées des organismes concernés par la gestion des déchets dans chaque pays.

top

Radioactive Waste Management Programmes in OECD/NEA Member Countries

English, 124 pages, published: 12/22/05
NEA#5248, ISBN: 92-64-01210-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2005/5248-rwm-programmes-member-countries.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Programmes de gestion des déchets radioactifs dans les pays membres de l'AEN

These fact sheets present the radioactive waste management programmes of 20 OECD/NEA member countries. They include information about the sources, types and quantities of waste as well as how and by whom they are managed. References for further information are also provided for each country.

top

Stability and Buffering Capacity of the Geosphere for Long-term Isolation of Radioactive Waste

Application to Argillaceous Media - "Clay Club" Workshop Proceedings, Braunschweig, Germany, 9-11 December 2003
English, 244 pages, published: 03/08/05
NEA#5303, ISBN: 92-64-00908-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea5303-stability-buffering.pdf

Most experts worldwide agree that radioactive waste disposal in engineered facilities, or repositories, located in appropriate formations deep underground, provide a suitable waste management option for protecting humans and the environment now and in the future.

An NEA workshop was organised on 9-11 December 2003 in Braunschweig, Germany, devoted specifically to argillaceous settings for deep geological repositories. The workshop brought together scientists from academic institutions, engineers from various research institutions or companies, consultants, regulatory authorities and national waste management organisations to establish the scientific basis for stability and buffering capacity of deep geological waste management systems. The present report synthesises the main outcomes of that workshop and presents a compilation of the related abstracts.

top

The Regulatory Function and Radioactive Waste Management

International Overview
English, 24 pages, published: 12/30/05
NEA#6041, ISBN: 92-64-01075-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6041-regulatory-function.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La fonction réglementaire et la gestion des déchets radioactifs

This overview presents an easily accessible synopsis of the regulatory control of radioactive waste management in 15 NEA member countries. It covers the management of radioactive waste from all types of nuclear installations, such as nuclear power plants, research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities. It also addresses medical, research and industrial sources as well as defence-related sources where relevant. The overview should be of interest to a wide audience of both specialists and non-specialists.

top

Vers la réalisation d'un dossier de sûreté de démantèlement

Rapport de synthèse
Français, 44 pages, published: 12/30/05
NEA#6073, ISBN: 92-64-01073-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2005/nea6073-demantelement.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Achieving the Goals of the Decommissioning Safety Case

Le problème clé dans le démantèlement des installations nucléaires est l'élimination progressive des risques, au moyen d'une série d'actions de décontamination et de déconstruction qui doivent être réalisées de façon sûre et dans les limites d'un dossier de sûreté approuvé. Le dossier de sûreté est une collection d'arguments et de documentation qui sert à démontrer la sûreté d'un projet de démantèlement. Le dossier de sûreté implique l'analyse des risques et des différentes phases nécessaires pour réduire les risques. Ce rapport de synthèse, qui s'appuie sur les activités du Groupe de travail de l'OCDE/AEN sur le déclassement et le démantèlement (WPDD), sera utile à toute personne et organisme engagés dans la préparation d'un dossier de sûreté de démantèlement.

top

放射性廃棄物処分プログラムにおける地下研究施設の役割

Japanese, 32 pages, published: 10/19/05
NEA#6087
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/6087-underground-labs-waste-ja.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: La gestion des déchets radioactifs : le rôle des laboratoires souterrains
- English: The Role of Underground Laboratories in Nuclear Waste Disposal Programmes
- Chinese: 地下实验室在核废物处置计划中的作用

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Dealing with Interests, Values and Knowledge in Managing Risk

Workshop Proceedings, Brussels, Belgium, 18-21 November 2003
English, 172 pages, published: 12/20/04
NEA#5301, ISBN: 92-64-00731-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2004/5301-dealing-values-knowledge.pdf

Radioactive waste management is an area of public interest in which stakeholder involvement has largely proven itself to be beneficial to all parties and processes concerned. With growing experience, sharing best practice can be useful at the international level.

These workshop proceedings deal with the local partnership methodology employed in Belgium in order to develop an integrated proposal to the national Government to construct and operate a disposal facility for low-level radioactive waste that is adapted to local conditions. The partnerships are formed amongst representatives of local organisations in affected communities and representatives of the Belgian national radioactive waste management agency. Insights are provided into a unique - and so far very successful - governance approach to dealing with interests, values and knowledge in managing risk.

top

Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari

Si può fare ed è stato fatto
Italian, 8 pages, published: 09/30/04
NEA#5868
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5868-decom-italian.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Facilities

Una delle preoccupazioni più diffuse in tema di produzione di energia elettrica da fonte nucleare è che la disattivazione degli impianti nucleari - ovvero il loro smantellamento fino allo stato finale desiderato - costitusica une problema insomontabile. L'esperienza internazionale dimostra invece che non è cosi. La presente pubblicazione presenta una rassegna di progetti di disattivazione di installazioni nucleari di diverso tipo realizaati con successo in tutto il mondo.

top

Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Facilities

It can and has been done
English, published: 08/25/04
NEA#5728
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5728-decom.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Decommissioning degli Impianti Nucleari

One concern commonly expressed about electricity production from nuclear power is that the decommissioning (i.e.dismantling to a desirable end state) of the redundant radioactive facilities presents a significant problem. In fact, international experience shows that this is not the case. This brochure looks at decommissioning across the spectrum of nuclear power facilities and shows worldwide examples of successful projects.

top

Die Sicherheit der geologischen Tiefenlagerung von BE, HAA und LMA in der Schweiz

Eine internationale Expertenprüfung der radiologischen Langzeitsicherheitsanalyse der Tiefenlagerung im Opalinuston des Zürcher Weinlands
German, 140 pages, published: 04/22/04
NEA#5569, ISBN: 92-64-02064-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5568-nagra-ger.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Safety of Disposal of Spent Fuel, HLW and Long-lived ILW in Switzerland

Im schweizerischen Projekt Entsorgungsnachweis untersucht die Nagra die Sicherheit der geologischen Tiefenlagerung von radioaktiven Abfällen im Opalinuston des Zürcher Weinlands. Der vorliegende Bericht präsentiert die Ergebnisse einer internationalen Überprüfung der zugehörigen radiologischen Langzeitsicherheitsanalyse. Die Expertenprüfung wurde auf Ersuchen des Schweizer Bundesamtes für Energie (BFE) von der Kernenergieagentur (NEA) der Organisation für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklund (OECD) durchgeführt.

top

Dissattivazione e Smantellamento degli Impianti Nucleari

Stato dell'arte, strategie, problematiche
Italian, 58 pages, published: 09/30/04
NEA#5848, ISBN: 92-64-18488-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/5848-decommissioning-italian.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Decommissioning and Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities

Il presente rapporto, avente finalità di ampia divulgazione, contiene una sintetica panoramica delle problematiche associate alla disattivazione e allo smantellamento delle intallazioni nucleari ne Paesi Mebri dell'OCSE/AEN. E basata su una raccolta di schede descrittive in formato standard prodotte dai Paesi Membri e accissible on-line nel sito web dell'AEN.

top

Dossier de sûreté post-fermeture d'un dépôt en formation géologique

Nature et finalité
Français, 68 pages, published: 07/19/04
NEA#3680, ISBN: 92-64-02076-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea3680-fermeture.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Post-closure Safety Case for Geological Repositories

Le dépôt des déchets radioactifs à vie longue dans des formations géologiques profondes fait l'objet d'études approfondies dans le monde entier dans le but de protéger l'homme et l'environnement, aujourd'hui et dans le futur. Le présent rapport définit et examine la finalité et la teneur générale des dossiers de sûreté post-fermeture relatifs à ces dépôts. L'objectif est de fournir un point de référence aux personnes impliquées dans l'établissement des dossiers de sûreté, à celles qui participent, ou s'intéressent, à la prise de décision dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs.

top

Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS): Design Requirements and Constraints

Workshop Proceedings,Turku, Finland, 26-29 August 2003
English, 148 pages, published: 05/26/04
NEA#4548, ISBN: 92-64-02068-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea4548-ebs.pdf

A joint NEA-EC workshop entitled "Engineered Barrier Systems: Design Requirements and Constraints" was organised in Turku, Finland on 26-29 August 2003 and hosted by Posiva Oy. The main objectives of the workshop were to promote interaction and collaboration among experts responsible for enginering design and safety assessment in order to develop a greater understanding of how to achieve the integration needed for the successful design of engineered barrier systems, and to clarify the role that an EBS can play in the overall safety case for a repository. These proceedings present the outcomes of this workshop.

top

Geological Disposal: Building Confidence Using Multiple Lines of Evidence

First AMIGO Workshop Proceedings, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland, 3-5 June 2003
English, 204 pages, published: 06/01/04
NEA#4309, ISBN: 92-64-01592-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4309-geological.pdf

When preparing the safety case for a deep geological repository of radioactive waste, the integration of wide-ranging information from multidisciplinary sources is a complex task. This has provided the motivation for establishing AMIGO, an OECD/NEA international project on "Approaches and Methods for Integrating Geological Information in the Safety Case". AMIGO is structured as a series of biannual topical workshops involving site characterisation and safety assessment practitioners with experience in both sedimentary and crystalline rock settings.

The first AMIGO workshop was organised in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland on 3-5 June 2003. The main objective of the workshop was to exchange views on building confidence in analyses and arguments that support the safety case using multiple lines of evidence and integrating the work of geoscientists and safety assessors. These proceedings present the outcomes of the workshop.

top

Gestion des échelles de temps dans l'évaluation de la sûreté en phase post-fermeture

Enseignements tirés de l'atelier d'avril 2002 à Paris, France
Français, 56 pages, published: 03/01/04
NEA#5148, ISBN: 92-64-02162-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5148-echelles.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety

L'AEN a organisé en avril 2002 un atelier sur la "Gestion des échelles de temps dans le cadre de l'évaluation de sûreté en phase post-fermeture" de stockages de déchets radioactifs en formation géologique profonde. Ce rapport présente les principales leçons tirées de cet atelier et a pour but de faciliter la compréhension des questions liées à la gestion des échelles de temps dans un dossier de sûreté.

top

Le contrôle réglementaire de la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Panorama de 15 pays membres de l'AEN
Français, 218 pages, published: 06/04/04
NEA#3598, ISBN: 92-64-10651-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2004/3598-regulatory-control-rwm-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Regulatory Control of Radioactive Waste Management

Les autorités réglementaires comptent parmi les principales parties prenantes dans le processus de prise de décision concernant la gestion des déchets radioactifs. Le Comité de l'AEN de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (RWMC) a reconnu qu'il est important d'échanger et de comparer les informations relatives aux pratiques réglementaires propres à chaque pays, mais aussi de disposer d'un réseau d'information informel pour y débattre de thèmes d'intérêt commun. Le Forum des régulateurs du RWMC figure parmi les milieux propices à de telles initiatives.

Ce rapport décrit les premiers résultats des travaux du Forum. Il offre une synthèse de la situation dans 15 pays membres de l'AEN selon un format qui permet de trouver facilement certains aspects donnés et de comparer la situation de différents pays. Il présente des informations sur les politiques nationales en matière de gestion des déchets radioactifs, les contextes institutionnels, les cadres législatifs et réglementaires, les orientations existantes, et les catégories et sources de déchets. Il fait également le point sur la gestion des déchets, les questions en suspens, ainsi que les programmes de R-D connexes.

top

Learning and Adapting to Societal Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management

Key Findings and Experience of the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence
English, 70 pages, published: 09/13/04
NEA#5296, ISBN: 92-64-02080-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5296-societal.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Comprendre les attentes de la société dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs et s'y adapter

This report presents a synthesis of the key findings and experience of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence regarding the governance of long-term radioactive waste management. Most of the main findings are of relevance to all public policy-making processes, not only to radioactive waste management. In this sense, the report reads as a primer on the concrete governance challenges facing complex, collective decision making.

top

Post-closure Safety Case for Geological Repositories

Nature and Purpose
English, 56 pages, published: 07/19/04
NEA#3679, ISBN: 92-64-02075-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea3679-closure.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dossier de sûreté post-fermeture d'un dépôt en formation géologique

Disposal of long-lived radioactive waste in engineered facilities deep underground is being widely investigated worldwide in order to protect humans and the environment both now and in the future. This report defines and analyses the purpose and general contents of the post-closure safety cases for such facilities. The aim is to provide a point of reference for people involved in the development of safety cases and those with responsibility for, or interest in, decision making in radioactive waste management.

top

Safety of Disposal of Spent Fuel, HLW and Long-lived ILW in Switzerland

An International Peer Review of the Post-closure Radiological Safety Assessment for Disposal in the Opalinus Clay of the Zürcher Weinland
English, 126 pages, published: 04/23/04
NEA#5568, ISBN: 92-64-02063-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5568-nagra.pdf

Other language(s):
- German: Die Sicherheit der geologischen Tiefenlagerung von BE, HAA und LMA in der Schweiz

Studies are under way in Switzerland to investigate various aspects of the geological disposal of radioactive waste. This report presents the results of the international peer review organised by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) on behalf of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (BFE) of a post-closure radiological safety assessment prepared by Nagra for geological disposal of spent fuel (SF), vitrified high-level waste (HLW) and long-lived intermediate-level waste (ILW) within the Opalinus Clay of the Zürcher Weinland in northern Switzerland.

top

Stakeholder Involvement Techniques

A Short Guide and Annotated Bibliography
English, 54 pages, published: 10/14/04
NEA#5418, ISBN: 92-64-02087-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea5418-stakeholder.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Favoriser la participation des parties prenantes

Stakeholder involvement, dialogue and deliberation can improve the quality and the sustainability of policy decisions. This publication offers a short guide to stakeholder involvement techniques and their selection. It includes an annotated bibliography pointing to easily accessible handbooks and other resources. While it approaches the topic from the point of view of radioactive waste management, it is intended for any person or organisation considering stakeholder involvement in decision making.

top

Stepwise Approach to Decision Making for Long-term Radioactive Waste Management

Experience, Issues and Guiding Principles
English, 76 pages, published: 09/13/04
NEA#4429, ISBN: 92-64-02077-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea4429-stepwise.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La prise de décision par étapes dans la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs

The decision-making process for developing and implementing long-term radioactive waste management (RWM) solutions extends over decades and involves both a multitude of actors/stakeholders and stages. In order to be sustainable and successful, a great deal of built-in flexibility is needed in designing and carrying out such processes. Concepts such as "stepwise decision making" and "adaptive staging" hold out a means by which the public, and especially the local public, can be meaningfully involved in the review and planning of radioactive waste management solutions.

This review of stepwise decision making for long-term RWM pinpoints its current status, highlights its societal dimension and identifies implementation issues from both the point of view of social research and RWM practitioners. There is convergence between these two perspectives, and general guiding principles and action goals are proposed as a basis for further discussion and development of the stepwise decision-making concept.

top

Strategy Selection for the Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities

Seminar Proceedings, Tarragona, Spain, 1-4 September 2003
English, 272 pages, published: 07/16/04
NEA#5300, ISBN: 92-64-01671-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2004/5300-strategy-selection.pdf

As modern nuclear power programmes mature and large, commercial nuclear power plants and fuel cycle facilities approach the end of their useful life by reason of age, economics or change of policy on the use of nuclear power, new challenges associated with decommissioning and dismantling come to the fore. Politicians and the public may expect there to be a "right answer" to the choice of strategy for a particular type of facility, or even all facilities. Both this seminar and wider experience show that this is not the case.

Local factors and national political positions have a significant input and often result in widely differing strategy approaches to broadly similar decommissioning projects. All facility owners represented at the seminar were able to demonstrate a rational process for strategy selection and compelling arguments for the choices made. In addition to the papers that were presented, these proceedings include a summary of the discussions that took place.

top

The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety

Lessons Learnt from the April 2002 Workshop in Paris, France
English, 52 pages, published: 02/10/04
NEA#4435, ISBN: 92-64-02161-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2004/nea4435-timescales.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Gestion des échelles de temps dans l'évaluation de la sûreté en phase post-fermeture

A workshop entitled "The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety" of deep geological repositories for radioactive waste was organised by the NEA in April 2002. This report presents the main lessons learnt from the workshop discussions and is intended to help promote the better understanding of issues related to the handling of timescales in a safety case.

top

The Regulatory Control of Radioactive Waste Management

Overview of 15 NEA Member Countries
English, 210 pages, published: 02/27/04
NEA#3597, ISBN: 92-64-10650-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2004/3597-regulatory-control-rwm.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le contrôle réglementaire de la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Regulators are major stakeholders in the decision-making process for radioactive waste management. The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) has recognised the value of exchanging and comparing information about national regulatory practices and having an informal, international network for discussing issues of common concern. The RWMC Regulators' Forum provides considerable opportunity for such activities.

This report presents the initial results of the Forum's work. Information is given for 15 NEA member countries in a format that allows easy accessibility to specific aspects and comparison between different countries. It includes an array of facts about national policies for radioactive waste management, institutional frameworks, legislative and regulatory frameworks, available guidance, classification and sources of waste and the status of waste management. It also provides an overview of current issues being addressed and related R&D programmes.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Engineered Barrier System (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case

Workshop Proceedings, Oxford, U.K., 25-27 September 2002
English, 152 pages, published: 07/03/03
NEA#4308, ISBN: 92-64-10354-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4308-EBS-safety-case.pdf

A joint NEA-EC workshop entitled "Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) in the Context of the Entire Safety Case" was organised in Oxford on 25-27 September 2002 and hosted by United Kingdom Nirex Limited. The main objectives of the workshop were to provide a status report on engineered barrier systems in various national radioactive waste management programmes considering deep geological disposal; to establish the value to member countries of a project on EBS; and to define such a project's scope, timetable and modus operandi. This report presents the outcomes of this workshop.

top

Engineered Barrier Systems and the Safety of Deep Geological Repositories

State-of-the-art Report, NEA/CE
English, 72 pages, published: 03/25/03
NEA#3615, ISBN: 92-64-18498-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea3615-ebs.pdf

Repositories for the disposal of radioactive waste generally rely on a multi-barrier system to isolate the waste from the biosphere. This multi-barrier system typically comprises the natural geological barrier provided by the repository host rock and an engineered barrier system (EBS).

The EBS project being conducted by the NEA Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) seeks to clarify the role that an EBS can play in the overall safety case for a deep geological repository. It is in this context that the European Commission and the NEA have prepared the present report, which describes the state of the art for engineered barrier systems and provides a common basis of understanding from which to plan future programmes. It is based on answers to a questionnaire received from 13 countries and 17 organisations.

top

Features, Events and Processes Evaluation Catalogue for Argillaceous Media

English, 380 pages, published: 11/28/03
NEA#4437, ISBN: 92-64-02148-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4437-FEP.pdf

The OECD/NEA Working Group on the Characterisation, the Understanding and the Performance of Argillaceous Rocks as Repository Host Formations for the disposal of radioactive waste (known as the "Clay Club") launched a project called FEPCAT (Features, Events and Processes CATalogue for argillaceous media) in late 1998.

The present report provides the results of work performed by an expert group to develop a FEPs database related to argillaceous formations, whether soft or indurated. It describes the methodology used for the work performed, provides a list of relevant FEPs and summarises the knowledge on each of them. It also provides general conclusions and identifies priorities for future work.

top

Image et rôle des autorités réglementaires dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Enseignements tirés par le Forum de l'AEN sur la confiance des parties prenantes
Français, 28 pages, published: 10/20/03
NEA#4828, ISBN: 92-64-02143-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4828-aut-reg.pdf

De tous les acteurs institutionnels qui opèrent dans le domaine de la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs, c'est peut-être les autorités de sûreté qui ont renouvelé leur rôle de la manière la plus signifcative. Les exigences sociales modernes vis-à-vis de la gouvernance des activités à risque et l'adoption rapandue de processus décisionnels par étapes ont engendré des changements de l'image et du rôle des régulateurs. Des nouveaux instruments juridiques reflètent et encouragent un nouvel ensemble de comportements ansi qu'une nouvelle compréhension de la façon dont les régulateurs peuvent mieux servir l'intérêt public.

Ce rapport, fondé sur le travail du Forum de l'AEN sur la confiance des parties prenantes (Forum on Stakeholder Confidence), présente des leçons d'importance pour les régulateurs et examine leur rôle dans un processus décisionnel robuste et transparent de la gestion à long terme des déchets radioactifs. Des observations détaillées qui viennent de l'expérience internationale sont fournies sur le rôle des autorités de sûreté, les caractéristiques du processus de réglementation, les attributs qui aident à réaliser la confiance publique, ainsi que sur les approches de communication sur des thèmes réglementaires.

top

Programme français de R-D sur le stockage géologique de déchets radioactifs

Revue internationale par des pairs du Dossier 2001 Argile
Français, 82 pages, published: 09/05/03
NEA#4588, ISBN: 92-64-02137-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4588-andrafr.pdf

Le présent rapport contient les conclusions du Groupe international de revue instauré par le Secrétariat de l'AEN à la demande du gouvernement français afin de faire évaluer par des pairs le Dossier 2001 Argile. Ce dossier a été rédigé par l'Agence nationale française pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (Andra) pour décrire les travaux de recherche, de développement et de démonstration du programme français relatif à l'évacuation à long terme des déchets radioactifs de haute activité et à vie longue dans un dépôt géologique aménagé dans une formation argileuse profonde.

top

Public Confidence in the Management of Radioactive Waste: The Canadian Context

Workshop Proceedings, Ottawa, Canada, 14-18 October 2002
English, 196 pages, published: 10/20/03
NEA#4292, ISBN: 92-64-10396-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2003/4292-public-confidence-canadian-context.pdf

Public confidence is significantly affected by social considerations, such as public participation in decision-making processes, transparency of activities, access to information, effective and appropriate mitigation measures, development opportunities and social justice issues. In order to increase public confidence, there is a need to fully understand social concerns and to design an effective strategy on how to address them. This is particularly so in relation to radioactive waste management decision making.

A workshop held in Ottawa in October 2002 brought together a wide range of Canadian stakeholders to present their views and to debate related issues with delegates from radioactive waste management programmes in 14 countries. This third interactive workshop of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence focused on key areas such as the social concerns at play in radiaoactive waste management, how these concerns can be addressed, and development opportunities for local communities.

These proceedings provide a summary of the workshop, the full texts of the stakeholder presentations and detailed reports of the workshop discussions.

top

Public Information, Consultation and Involvement in Radioactive Waste Management

An International Overview of Approaches and Experiences
Bilingual, 140 pages, published: 08/14/03
NEA#4430, ISBN: 92-64-02128-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4430-publicinfo.pdf

Institutions involved in radioactive waste management face a rapidly evolving environment stemming from societal changes, including new information technology and new roles for the media. As in many environmental areas, a demand for public participation in decision making creates a need for new approaches to involving stakeholders. This report addresses stakeholder dialogue, consultation and information practices by radioactive waste management institutions at the start of the 21st century. It will provide both the practitioner and the non-specialist with a valuable baseline of detailed, comparative information. It can be used to assess the state of the art in the field as well as to provide a historical perspective when assessing future progress.

Les organismes chargés de la gestion des déchets radioactifs sont confrontés à une évolution contextuelle rapide due aux mutations de la société, comprenant les nouveaux rôles joués à la fois par les nouvelles technologies et les médias. Comme dans de nombreux secteurs liés à l'environnement, la demande de participation du public au processus de décision conduit à adopter de nouvelles démarches à l'égard de l'implication des parties prenantes. Le présent rapport traite des méthodes de dialogue, de consultation et d'information appliquées aux parties prenantes par les agences de gestion des déchets radioactifs au début du 21e siècle. Il apportera aussi bien aux praticiens qu'aux non-spécialistes des informations comparatives détaillées. Il pourra aussi servir à évaluer l'état des connaissances dans ce domaine ainsi qu'à offrir une perspective historique lors de l'évaluation des progrès futurs.

top

SAFIR 2: Belgian R&D Programme on the Deep Disposal of High-level and Long-lived Radioactive Waste

An International Peer Review
English, 80 pages, published: 04/02/03
NEA#4431, ISBN: 92-64-18499-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4431-safir2.pdf

This report presents the common views of the International Review Team established by the NEA Secretariat on behalf of the Belgian Government to perform a peer review of the SAFIR 2 report, produced by the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials (ONDRAF/NIRAS) to describe the research, development and demonstration activities in the Belgian programme on the disposal of high-level and long-lived radioactive waste in a deep geological repository excavated within an argillaceous formation.

top

The French R&D Programme on Deep Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

An International Peer Review of the "Dossier 2001 Argile"
English, 80 pages, published: 07/31/03
NEA#4432, ISBN: 92-64-02136-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4432-andraeng.pdf

This report presents the conclusions of the International Review Team established by the NEA Secretariat at the request of the French government to perform a peer review of the Dossier 2001 Argile. The latter was produced by the French National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management (Andra) to describe the research, development and demonstration activities in the French programme on the disposal of high-level and long-lived radioactive waste in a deep geological repository excavated within an argillaceous formation.

top

The Regulator's Evolving Role and Image in Radioactive Waste Management

Lessons Learnt within the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence
English, 28 pages, published: 10/20/03
NEA#4428, ISBN: 92-64-02142-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2003/nea4428-regulator-role.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Image et rôle des autorités réglementaires dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Of all the institutional actors in the field of long-term radioactive waste management (RWM), it is perhaps the regulatory authorities that have restyled their roles most significantly. Modern societal demands on risk governance and widespread adoption of stepwise deicison-making processes have influenced the image and role of regulators. Legal instruments both reflect and encourage a new set of behaviours and a new understanding on how regulators may best serve the public interest.

This report, based on the work of the NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence, presents findings of relevance to regulators and examines their role within a robust and transparent RWM decision-making process. Detailed international observations are provided on the role of regulatory authorities; characteristics of the regulatory process; attributes that help achieve public confidence; and regulatory communication approaches.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

An International Peer Review of the Yucca Mountain Project

Total System Performance Assessment for the Site Recommendation (TSPA-SR)
English, 96 pages, published: 02/22/02
NEA#3682, ISBN: 92-64-18477-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea3682-yucca.pdf

The Department of Energy of the United States of America (USDOE) has been studying the Yucca Mountain site in Nevada for more than 15 years to determine whether it is a suitable place to construct an underground repository for US spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste of commercial and military origins. A number of performance assessments have been carried out over the past decade by the USDOE, the latest of which is the Total System Performance Assessment supporting the site recommendation process (TSPA-SR) of December 2000. This report presents the results of the jointly organised NEA-IAEA international peer review of the TSPA-SR, performed upon the request of the USDOE. The review was carried out by a team of ten international specialists.

top

Déclassement et démantèlement des installations nucléaires

Etat des lieux, démarches, défis
Français, 56 pages, published: 09/13/02
NEA#3868, ISBN: 92-64-28488-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/3868-declassement.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Dissattivazione e Smantellamento degli Impianti Nucleari

Cet ouvrage, à l'intention d'un large public, présente une synthèse de la situation du déclassement et du démantèlement des installations nucléaires ainsi que des questions connexes dans les pays Membres de l'AEN. Il s'appuie sur un ensemble de fiches d'information fournies par les pays Membres et disponibles en ligne sur le site web de l'AEN.

top

Establishing and Communicating Confidence in the Safety of Deep Geologic Disposal

Approaches and Arguments
Bilingual, 188 pages, published: 05/23/02
NEA#3628, ISBN: 92-64-09782-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea3628-establishing-communicating-confidence-safety-deep-disposal.pdf

Confidence among both technical experts and the public in the safety of deep geologic repositories for radioactive waste is a key element in the successful development of the repositories. This report presents the approaches and arguments that are currently used in OECD contries to establish and communicate confidence in their safety. It evaluates the state of the art for obtaining, presenting and demonstrating confidence in long-term safety, and makes recommendations on future directions and initiatives to be taken for improving confidence.

La confiance des experts techniques et du public dans la sûreté des dépôts de déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques profondes est un élément clé dans la réussite de leur développement. Ce rapport présente les approches et les arguments actuellement utilisés dans les pays de l'OCDE pour établir et faire partager cette confiance. Il fait le point des travaux visant à faire connaître et à démontrer la confiance dans la sûreté à long terme des dépôts. Il comporte également des recommandations sur les futures directions à prendre pour accroître cette confiance.

top

GEOTRAP: Radionuclide Migration in Geologic Heterogeneous Media

Summary of Accomplishments
English, 52 pages, published: 03/01/02
NEA#3058, ISBN: 92-64-18479-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea-3058-geotrap.pdf

GEOTRAP - the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media - was carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste. The project was created in 1996 with the aim of developing an understanding of, and modelling capability for, potential radionuclide migration.

This report provides an overview of the project's main findings and accomplishments over its five-year life. This summary should help make the valuable information collected and generated by the GEOTRAP project accessible to a wide readership both within and outside the radioactive waste community. It is a reflection of the careful attention paid by this community to the question of radionuclide transport.

top

La réversibilité et la récupérabilité dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Une réflexion à l'échelle internationale
Français, 54 pages, published: 02/04/02
NEA#3448, ISBN: 92-64-28471-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea3448.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Reversibility and Retrievability in Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste

La réversibilité des décisions est un concept important dans le processus de décision par étapes qui est prévu pour le stockage géologique des déchets radioactifs. Les implications liées à la récupérabilité de ces déchets dans les stratégies de stockage et les méthodes pour la mettre en application sont également à l'étude dans les pays Membres de l'AEN.

Ce rapport passe en revue les concepts de réversibilité et de récupérabilité dans la mesure où ils peuvent s'appliquer à la planification et au développement de dépôts géologiques. Ces concepts reposent sur des considérations d'ordre technique, politique et éthique, dont la valeur et les implications doivent être mieux comprises. L'approfondissement de l'étude de ces problèmes, ainsi que la discussion, permettront de préciser la valeur d'un processus de décision souple et graduel pour les programmes d'aménagement de dépôts, et peuvent contribuer à instaurer un climat propice au progrès de ces programmes.

top

Radionuclide Retention in Geologic Media

Workshop Proceedings, Oskarshamn, Sweden, 7-9 May 2001
English, 272 pages, published: 02/14/02
NEA#3061, ISBN: 92-64-19695-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/nea3061-radionuclide.pdf

GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.

Retention of radionuclides within the geosphere for prolonged periods is an important safety function of deep geologic disposal concepts for radioactive waste. The extent to which retention processes can be relied upon in repository performance assessment depends upon the existence of well-established theoretical bases for the processes. It also depends on support for the operation of specific retention processes, and models for their quantitative evaluation, from a wide range of laboratory and field experiments and observations from nature. The fifth GEOTRAP workshop, "Geological Evidence and Theoretical Bases for Radionuclide-retention Processes in Heterogeneous Media" held in May 2001, looked at radionuclide-retention processes and their consideration and representation in performance assessments. Current approaches to characterising and modelling retention processes, and suggestions for future improvements, were presented and discussed.

In addition to the material presented during the workshop, this publication includes a technical synthesis reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.

top

Stepwise Decision Making in Finland for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Workshop Proceedings, Turku, Finland, 15-16 November 2001
English, 152 pages, published: 09/20/02
NEA#3616, ISBN: 92-64-19941-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2002/3616-stepwise-decision-making.pdf

On 18 May 2001, the Finnish Parliament ratified the Decision in Principle (DiP) on the final disposal facility for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto, in the municipality of Eurajoki. This followed positive decisions taken earlier by the Municipal Council and the Government. How did these political and societal decisions come about?

An NEA workshop held in November 2001 provided the opportunity to present the history leading up to the DiP and to examine future perspectives with an emphasis on stakeholder involvement. The workshop was highly interactive and focused on three main topics: the stepwise decision-making process, stakeholder involvement and confidence building. All relevant stakeholder voices were heard and their viewpoints debated. An account of the individual presentations and the discussions that took place are provided in these proceedings.

top

The Decommissioning and Dismantling of Nuclear Facilities

Status, Approaches, Challenges
English, 52 pages, published: 09/13/02
NEA#3714, ISBN: 92-64-18488-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2002/3714-decommissioning.pdf

Other language(s):
- Italian: Dissattivazione e Smantellamento degli Impianti Nucleari

This report, intended for a broad readership, provides a concise overview of the decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities and associated issues in NEA Member countries. It draws upon a database of fact sheets produced to a standard format by individual Member countries that is accessible online from the NEA website.

top

The Handling of Timescales in Assessing Post-closure Safety of Deep Geological Disposal

Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France,16-18 April 2002
English, 216 pages, published: 11/21/02
NEA#3614, ISBN: 92-64-09911-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2002/3614-handling-timescales.pdf

A workshop entitled the "Handling of timescales in assessing post-closure safety" of deep geological repositories for radioactive waste was organised in Paris on 16-18 April 2002 and hosted by the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN). The main objective of the workshop was to identify and discuss approaches related to, and work done on, the timescales issue within national radioactive waste management programmes in the context of assessing post-closure safety. The timescales in question depend upon the half-lives and levels of activity of the radionuclides considered for disposal.

These proceedings include the presentations made at the workshop as well as a summary of the discussions held. They will be of interest to radioactive waste repository managers and engineers.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Assessment

Workshop Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA, 14-17 June 1999
English, 312 pages, published: 02/13/01
NEA#2968, ISBN: 92-64-18620-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea2968-confidence-models-radionuclide-transport.pdf

GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.

Performance assessment of proposed waste disposal sites requires models of radionuclide transport through the geosphere. To be used in repository planning and development, these models must have the confidence of both national waste management programmes and the wider scientific community. The fourth GEOTRAP workshop , "Confidence in Models of Radionuclide Transport for Site-specific Performance Assessment" held in June 1999, addressed the issue of technical confidence building and provided an overview of current developments in this field. Proposed approaches to confidence building and approaches that have already proven successful were presented and discussed.

In addition to the material presented during the workshop, this publication includes a technical synthesis reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.

top

Gas Generation and Migration in Radioactive Waste Disposal

Safety-relevant Issues Workshop Proceedings, Reims, France, 26-28 June 2000
English, 190 pages, published: 04/20/01
NEA#3060, ISBN: 92-64-18672-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea3060-gas-generation-migration-disposal.pdf

In underground repositories for radioactive waste, significant quantities of gases may be generated as a result of several processes. The potential impact of gas generation, accumulation and migration on the performances of the various barriers and, ultimately, on the long-term safety of a repository, should therefore be assessed in the development of safety cases for underground repositories.

It was in this context that the EC and the NEA organised a workshop on "Gas Generation, Accumulation and Migration in Underground Repository Systems for Radioactive Waste: Safety-relevant Issues" in Reims, France on 26-28 June 2000. This book includes the texts of the invited presentations, the reports of the deliberations held in the five working groups, as well as the main conclusions of the workshop.

top

La gestion des déchets radioactifs : le rôle des laboratoires souterrains

Francais, 50 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3143, ISBN: 92-64-28472-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/3143-underground-labs-waste-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: 放射性廃棄物処分プログラムにおける地下研究施設の役割
- English: The Role of Underground Laboratories in Nuclear Waste Disposal Programmes
- Chinese: 地下实验室在核废物处置计划中的作用

Les laboratoires de recherche souterrains sont des outils essentiels à l'acquisition de données scientifiques et techniques et d'expérience pratique nécessaires à la conception et à la construction de dépôts de déchets nucléaires, ainsi qu'à la préparation du dossier de sûreté qui doit être présenté à toutes les étapes du développement d'un dépôt.

Ce rapport présente une vue d'ensemble du rôle des laboratoires souterrains dans les programmes de développement d'un dépôt ; des différents laboratoires souterrains développés ou prévus jusqu'à présent dans les pays Membres de l'AEN ; de leur contribution à l'ensemble du programme de développement du dépôt et à l'établissement d'un dossier de sûreté ; des réflexions sur la planification d'un laboratoire souterrain dans le cadre d'un programme national ; et des possibilités et avantages d'une coopération internationale sur les laboratoires souterrains.

top

Nuclear Waste Bulletin

Update on Waste Management Policies and Programmes, No. 14 - 2000 Edition
English, 136 pages, published: 02/27/01
NEA#3008, ISBN: 92-64-18461-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin14.pdf

The NEA Nuclear Waste Bulletin is prepared by the Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management Division of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in order to provide a means of communicaton amongst the various technical and policy groups within the radioactive waste management community. It delivers concise information on current activities, policies and programmes in 18 NEA Member countries and 3 international organisations. It also provides biennial updates of progress in the development of technologies for the management and disposal of radioactive waste.

top

Reversibility and Retrievability in Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Reflections at the International Level
English, 52 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3140, ISBN: 92-64-18471-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea3140.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La réversibilité et la récupérabilité dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Reversibility of decisions is an important consideration in the step-wise decision-making process that is foreseen for engineered geologic disposal of radioactive waste. The implications of favouring retrievability of the waste within disposal strategies and the methods to implement it are also being considered by NEA Member countries.

This report reviews the concepts of reversibility and retrievability as they may apply to the planning and development of engineered geologic repositories. The concepts span technical, policy and ethical issues, and it is important that a broad understanding is developed of their value and implications. Furthermore, improved comprehension and communication of these issues will clarify the value of flexible, step-wise decision making in repository development programmes and may help to generate a climate conducive to the further progress of such programmes.

top

Scenario Development Methods and Practices

An Evaluation Based on the NEA Workshop on Scenario Development, Madrid, Spain, May 1999
English, 244 pages, published: 07/25/01
NEA#3059, ISBN: 92-64-18722-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea3059-scenario-development-methods.pdf

Analysis of the long-term safety of radioactive waste repositories, using performance assessment and other tools, is required prior to implementation.The initial stage in developing a repository safety assessment is the identification of all factors that may be relevant to the long-term safety of the repository and their combination to form scenarios. This must be done in a systematic and transparent way in order to assure the regulatory authorities that nothing important has been forgotten.

This report is a review of developments in scenario methodologies based on a large body of practical experience in safety assessments. It will be of interest to radioactive waste management experts as well as to other specialists involved in the development of scenario methodologies.

top

The Role of Underground Laboratories in Nuclear Waste Disposal Programmes

English, 48 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3142, ISBN: 92-64-18472-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/3142-underground-labs-waste.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: 放射性廃棄物処分プログラムにおける地下研究施設の役割
- Francais: La gestion des déchets radioactifs : le rôle des laboratoires souterrains
- Chinese: 地下实验室在核废物处置计划中的作用

Underground research laboratories (URLs) are essential to provide the scientific and technical information and practical experience that are needed for the design and construction of nuclear waste disposal facilities, as well as for the development of the safety case that must be presented at various stages of repository development.

This report provides an overview of the purpose of URLs within repository development programmes; the range of URLs that have been developed, or are planned, in NEA Member countries to date; the various contributions that such facilities can make to repository development programmes and the development of a safety case; considerations on the timing of developing a URL within a national programme; and the opportunities and benefits of international co-operation in relation to URLs.

top

Using Thermodynamic Sorption Models for Guiding Radioelement Distribution Coefficient (KD) Investigations

A Status Report
English, 192 pages, published: 04/27/01
NEA#3041, ISBN: 92-64-18679-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2001/3041-soprtion-status-report.pdf

A general consensus has been reached among technical experts that high-level radioactive waste can safely be disposed of in deep geological repositories. Safety studies are carried out to evaluate the overall capacity of a particular disposal site to confine waste and minimise radioactive releases. Since the principal way in which radioactive elements might eventually reach the biosphere is by transport of dissolved radionuclides in groundwater, the safety study calculations must be able to estimate their rate of transfer through each of the barriers surrounding the repository.

It is well known that, for many radioelements, sorption reactions can lead to a reduction of the amount of radionuclides present in the solution phase. How best to take radionuclide sorption reactions into account in repository performance assessment models is the subject of this book.

top

地下实验室在核废物处置计划中的作用

The Role of Underground Laboratories in Nuclear Waste Disposal Programmes (Chinese version)
Chinese, published: 11/30/01
NEA#7457
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/7457-underground-labs-waste-zh.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Role of Underground Laboratories in Nuclear Waste Disposal Programmes
- Francais: La gestion des déchets radioactifs : le rôle des laboratoires souterrains
- Japanese: 放射性廃棄物処分プログラムにおける地下研究施設の役割

地下研究实验室（URLs）对于提供核废物处置设施的设计、建造以及处置库开发各个阶段必须提交的安全全过程系统分析所需的科技信息和实践经验至关重要。

本报告概述了在处置库开发计划中建设地下研究实验室的目的，核能署成员国迄今已开发或计划开发的地下研究实验室概况，此类设施对于处置库开发计划和安全全过程系统分析开发的不同作用，各国处置计划中对地下研究实验室开发时机的把握，以及地下研究实验室开发中国际合作的机遇与益处。

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Evacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs

Bilan des dix dernières années
Français, 108 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2268, ISBN: 92-64-27194-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2000/2268-evacuation-geologique-dechets.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
- Chinese: 国际放射性废物 - 地质处置十年进展

L'idée d'isoler de l'environnement humain les déchets radioactifs à vie longue en les stockant dans des dépôts profonds remonte à plusieurs décennies. Depuis, les recherches réalisées dans le monde ont renforcé nos connaissances et notre compréhension du fonctionnement des systèmes de stockage souterrain sur des périodes très longues. On a également bien avancé vers la réalisation de ces installations. Cependant, les programmes d'évacuation des déchets radioactifs ont subi des retards dans plusieurs pays. Ce rapport fait le tour des évolutions intervenues dans le domaine de l'évacuation au cours de la dernière décennie. Les principales sources de données de l'étude sont les réponses à un questionnaire, fournies par les organismes s'occupant de la gestion des déchets représentés au sein du Comité de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (RWMC). Ce comité regroupe des experts internationaux issus d'autorités de sûreté, d'agences de gestion de déchets, d'institutions de R-D ainsi que des organismes décisionnels.

top

Features, Events and Processes (FEPs) for Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste

An International Database
English, 88 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2549, ISBN: 92-64-18514-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2549-features-events-processes-for-disposal.pdf

Safety assessments of disposal sites for radioactive waste involve analyses of potential releases of radionuclides from the disposed waste and subsequent transport to the human environment. An important stage of assessment is the identification and documentation of all the features, events and processes (FEPs) that may be relevant to long-term safety. This report provides an international compilation of FEPs as well as a basis for selecting the FEPs that should be included in safety analyses.

top

Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Perspective

English, 62 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2548, ISBN: 92-64-18425-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/cen/publications/2548-geologic-disposal-rwm.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le point sur l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques

One of the challenges facing the continued availability of nuclear energy is that of ensuring the safe, environmentally acceptable and economic management of the waste generated during its production.

There is a broad scientific and technical consensus that disposal of high-level, long-lived radioactive waste in deep geologic formations is an appropriate and safe means of isolating it from the biosphere for very long time scales. There have, however, been setbacks in the disposal programmes in many countries, primarily due to the failure of the waste management community to win sufficient public and political support.

This report, which is based on recent work of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), reviews the progress to date in this field and the further steps that may be required to implement geologic disposal, taking into account both the technical and regulatory requirements, and the need to achieve an appropriate level of societal acceptance.

This book should be of interest to government and industry decision makers, academics and all those eager to better understand what is at stake in this widely debated subject and the prospects that emerge.

top

Le point sur l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques

Français, 66 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2531, ISBN: 92-64-28425-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2000/2531-geologic-disposal-rwm-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Perspective

Assurer la gestion des déchets résultant de la production d'énergie nucléaire dans des conditions sûres, respectueuses de l'environnement et économiques, constitue un défi important qui conditionne la disponiblité de cette forme d'énergie pour l'avenir.

Il existe un large consensus au sein des milieux scientifiques et techniques sur le fait que l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs de haute activité et à vie longue dans des formations géologiques profondes consitute un moyen approprié et sûr d'isoler ces déchets de la biosphère pendant de très longues échelles de temps. Cependant, de nombreux pays on connu des difficultés dans la réalisation de leur programme d'évacuation, essentiellement dues à l'incapacité des spécialistes de la gestion des déchets de recueillir le soutien public et politique nécessaire.

Ce rapport, qui s'appuie sur les travaux récents de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN), passe en revue les progrès enregistrés à ce jour dans ce domaine, et les étapes futures qui pourraient être nécessaires pour mettre en oeuvre l'évacuation en formations géologiques, compte tenu des impératifs techniques et réglementaires, et de la nécessité de parvenir à un niveau approprié d'acceptation pour la société civile.

Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux gouvernements, aux décideurs de l'industrie, aux universitaires, ainsi qu'à tous ceux qui souhaitent mieux comprendre les questions qui se posent à propos de ce sujet largement débattu et les perspectives qui se dégagent.

top

Porewater Extraction from Argillaceous Rocks for Geochemical Characterisation

Methods and Interpretations
English, 186 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2530, ISBN: 92-64-17181-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2530-porewater-extraction.pdf

The definition of the chemical and isotopic composition of the groundwater present in argillaceous formations, which are considered as potential host rocks for radioactive waste disposal, is crucial for establishing their barrier properties. Therefore, a critical review of the relevant literature on the current methods applied to extract water and solutes and on the various approaches to the interpretation of their results was commissioned to the Laboratoire d'hydrologie et de géochimie isotopique (Université de Paris-Sud, France).

The present document provides a synthesis of available extraction methods, assesses their respective advantages and limitations, identifies key processes that many influence the composition of the extracted water, describes modelling approaches that are used to determine in situ porewater composition, and highligths, wherever possible, some of the unresolved issues and recommendations on ways to address them.

top

Regulatory Reviews of Assessments of Deep Geologic Repositories

Lessons Learnt
Bilingual, 132 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2308, ISBN: 92-64-05886-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2001/nea2308-reg-reviews-assessments-deep-geo.pdf

Integrated performance assessments (IPAs) of radioactive waste repositories deep underground are made at different stages of repository development in order, for example, to allow full-scale development, to provide feedback to R&D, and to test and develop review capability. IPA studies must be acceptable to a wide range of stakholders and are one of the bases for dialogue amongst regulators and implementers of disposal facilities.

The goal of the IPAG-2 study was to examine the experience of regulatory reviews of IPAs, from both the implementer and regulator points of view. Ten implementer and seven regulatory organisations participated. This report presents the lessons learnt from their review experiences, and provides recommendations to aid future regulatory decision making.

A differents stades du processus d'aménagement d'un dépôt géologique de déchets radioactifs, des évaluations intégrées des performances (EIP) sont réalisées afin de progresser dans la réalisation de l'installation, de recueillir un retour d'information utile en R-D et de tester et développer les capacités d'analyse. Ces EIP doivent être ensuite approuvées par une diversité d'intervenants et constituent la base du dialogue entre les autorités de sûreté et les exploitants des dépôts de déchets.

L'étude IPAG-2 avait pour objectif de faire le point sur l'expérience des examens des EIP dans un contexte réglementaire, tant du point de vue des autorités de sûreté que des exploitants. Dix exploitants et sept organismes de réglementation y ont participé. Ce rapport présente les enseignements tirés de l'étude et propose des recommandations destinées à faciliter le travail des responsables de la réglementation.

top

SR 97: Post-closure Safety of a Deep Repository for Spent Nuclear Fuel in Sweden

An International Peer Review
English, 49 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2468, ISBN: 92-64-18261-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2468-sr97.pdf

This report presents the common views of the International Review Team established by the NEA Secretariat on behalf of the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate (SKI) to perform a peer review of a post-closure safety study of a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel in Sweden, Safety Report 97, produced by the Swedish Spent Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB).

top

Stakeholder Confidence and Radioactive Waste Disposal

Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28-31 August 2000
English, 166 pages, published: 12/15/00
NEA#2829, ISBN: 92-64-18277-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/2000/nea2829.pdf

Any significant decisions regarding geologic disposal of radioactive waste will need a comprehensive public review and a thorough involvement of all relevant stakeholders, such as waste generators, waste management agencies, regulatory authorities, local communities and elected officials. The participation of non-technical stakeholders will become increasingly important as more countries move towards siting and implementing geologic repositories.

The decision-making process and avenues for stakeholder inolvement differ from country to country. It is important to identify similarities and differences, understand the key concerns of the various stakeholders, and develop means to interact effectively. The Nuclear Energy Agency recently set up a Forum on Stakeholder Confidence charged with distilling the lessons that can be learnt from national and international experience.

These proceedings of the Forum's first workshop held in August 2000 provide an overview of OECD countries' experience in the field of stakeholder confidence and radioactive waste disposal.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Confidence in the Long-term Safety of Deep Geological Repositories

Its Development and Communication
English, 80 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1809
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/confidence.pdf

This report is aimed at safety assessors of deep geological repositories and at technical specialists concerned with radioactive waste disposal. It is intended to improve communication among interested parties by clarifying the concepts related to the development of confidence, and by placing the various measures that are employed to evaluate, enhance and communicate confidence in the technical aspects of safety in a clear, logical framework. Thes measures are increasingly embodied in actual procedures applied in today's safety assessments, and can be incorporated in a common framework, despite differences in approaches, practices and constraints both within and between repository projects.

top

Decontamination Techniques Used in Decommissioning Activities

A Report by the NEA Task Group on Decontaminaton
English, 52 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1707
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/decontec.pdf

top

Domaines stratégiques de la gestion des déchets radioactifs

Position du Comité de l'AEN de la gestion des déchets radioactifs et oreintations de ses travaux
Français, 26 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#2028
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/strategie_final.pdf

Le Comité de l'AEN de la gestion des déchets radioactifs (RWMC) réunit des représentants à haut niveau des agences de gestion des déchets radioactifs, des organismes de réglementation, des organes responsables de l'élaboration des politiques, ainsi que des établissements de recherche et développement dans ce domaine. Ce Comité a pour vocation d'aider les pays Membres en leur fournissant des conseils objectifs pour résoudre leurs problèmes de gestion des déchets radioactifs et de promovoir une gestion sûre de ces déchets à court et à long terme.

Ce rapport recense quelques-uns des principaux défis que rencontrent aujourd'hui les différents pays dans leurs programmes de gestion des déchets ainsi que les domaines stratégiques sur lesquels le RWMC devra concentrer ses efforts dans les années qui viennent.

top

Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste

Review of Developments in the Last Decade
English, 104 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#2048, ISBN: 92-64-17194-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/1999/2048-geological-disposal.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Evacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs
- Chinese: 国际放射性废物 - 地质处置十年进展

The concept of removing long-lived radioactive wastes from the human environment by disposal in deep geological repositories was developed several decades ago. In the intervening years, research efforts world-wide have increased our knowledge and understanding of how underground disposal systems will function over very long periods of time. Significant progress has also been made towards implementation of such facilities. There have, however, been delays in the disposal programmes of several countries.This report is a review of developments in the past decade. The primary sources of information are the answers to a questionnaire provided by waste management organisations represented in the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC). The latter is an international forum of senior specialists from safety authorities, waste management agencies, R&D institutions and policy-making bodies.

top

Nirex Methodology for Scenario and Conceptual Model Development

An International Peer Review
English, 46 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1569
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/nirex3.pdf

top

Nuclear Waste Bulletin

Update on Waste Management Policies and Programmes, No.13 - December 1998
English, 135 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1327
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin13.pdf

top

Où en est l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques ?

Une évaluation internationale des progrès récents
Francais, 30 pages, published: 10/15/99
NEA#1807
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/ouenest.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Progress Towards Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where do We Stand?

Quels que soient les types de déchets radioactifs, la sécurité du public, la protection de l'environnement, mais aussi la prévention d'actes de malveillance exigent qu'on gère de facon responsable, aujourd'hui et demain. Le défi majeur consiste à gérer les dechets à vie longue qu'il faut isoler de l'homme pendant des milliers d'années. L'évacuation dans des dépôts profonds amenagés dans des milieux géologiques bien choisis est la solution privilegiée pour ces déchets.

Ce rapport dresse un bilan des évolutions qui ont marqué l'évacuation géologique en profondeur et la gestion des déchets radioactifs à vie longue ces dix dernieres années. Il aborde à la fois les aspects techniques et sociaux et s'adresse à toute personne, ou groupe, ayant des responsabilités dans la gestion des déchets radioactifs ou simplement interessée par le sujet.

top

Pa väg mot geologisk slutförvaring av radioaktivt avfall: Var star vi idag?

En internationell bedömning - Utgiven av Milijödepartemenet och Kommentus förlag, Stockholm, 2000
Swedish, 50 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#4888
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/nea4888-geologic-swedish.pdf

top

Progress Towards Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Where do We Stand?

An International Assessment
English, 28 pages, published: 01/11/99
NEA#1787
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/progress.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: Où en est l'évacuation des déchets radioactifs en formations géologiques ?

Radioactive wastes of all kinds need to be managed responsibly to ensure public safety and protection of the environment, as well as security from malicious intervention, now and in the future. The most challenging task involves management of the long-lived waste that must be isolated from the human environment for many thousands of years. The preferred option for eventual disposal is emplacement in repositories deep underground in well-chosen geologica media.

This report presents and expert assessment of developments in the field of deep geologic disposal of radioactive waste over the past ten years. It reviews both technical and societal aspects, and should be of interest to decision makers responsible for radioactive waste management as well as to interested groups and individuals.

top

Strategic Areas in Radioactive Waste Management

The Viewpoint and Work Orientations of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee
English, 26 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#2008
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/strategy_final.pdf

The NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) is a forum of senior operators, regulators, policy makers, and senior representatives of R&D institutions in the field of radioactive waste management. The committee assists Member countries by providing objective guidance on the solution of radioactive waste problems, and promotes safety in the short- and long-term management of radioactive waste.

This report identifies some of the major challenges currently faced by national waste management programmes, and describes the strategic areas in which the RWMC should focus its efforts in future years.

top

Water-conducting Features in Radionuclide Migration

Workshop Proceedings, Barcelona, Spain, 10-12 June 1998
English, 376 pages, published: 10/13/99
NEA#1808, ISBN: 92-64-17124-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/nea1808-water-radionuclide-migration.pdf

GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems for long-lived radioactive waste.

Water-conducting features can, for example, determine the rate of radionuclide release from the near-field to the far-field, the rate at which radionuclides can migrate with flowing groundwater, and the degree of retention in the geosphere. Therefore, the characterisation of the structure and properties of water-conducting features is an important requirement for any performance assessment of deep repository systems. The third GEOTRAP workshop, "Characterisation of Water-Conducting Features and their Representation in Models of Radionuclide Migration" (Barcelona, Spain, 10-12 June 1998), addressed these issues and provided an overview of current developments in this technical field - both within national waste management programmes and the scientific community. These developments reinforce confidence in the concepts and models used for repository performance assessment.

In addition to the material presented, this publication includes a technical synthesis of the workshop, reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations made, notably during the working group sessions.

top

国际放射性废物 - 地质处置十年进展

Chinese version of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste - Review of Developments in the Last Decade
Chinese, published: 05/01/99
NEA#7450
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/1999/7450-geological-disposal-zh.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste
- Français: Evacuation géologique des déchets radioactifs

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Fluid Flow through Faults and Fractures in Argillaceous Formations

Proceedings of a Joint NEA/EC "Clay Club" Workshop, Bern, Switzerland, 10-12 June 1996
English, 399 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#646, ISBN: 92-64-16021-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1998/nea646-fluid-flow-faults-fractures.pdf

An evaluation of the occurrence of fluid flow through faults and fractures is of primary importance for the performance assessment of radioactive waste repositories located in argillaceous settings.

In order to provide the national waste management organisations and the scientific community at large with insights into the driving processes and the occurrence of fluid flow through faults and fractures in argillaceous formations, the NEA and the EC jointly organised a workshop on this topic (Berne, Switzerland, 10-12 June 1996).

This publication includes the papers presented orally or as posters at the workshop, and is introduced by a synthesis of the topics addressed and the conclusions reached.

top

Modelling the Effects of Spatial Variability on Radionuclide Migration

Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France 9-11 June 1997
English, 352 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1188, ISBN: 92-64-16099-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1998/nea1188-effects-spatial-variability-radionuclide.pdf

GEOTRAP is the OECD/NEA Project on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic, Heterogeneous Media carried out in the context of site characterisation and evaluation and safety assessment of deep repository systems of long-lived radioactive waste.

Variability (heterogeneity) in the properties of the rocks over a wide range of spatial scales is a common feature of most geologic media and broad agreement exists that its characterisation and the corresponding analysis of the consequences for groundwater flow and radionuclide transport form an important part of the assessment of the safety of deep geologic repositories.

The second GEOTRAP workshop, "Modelling the Effects of Spatial Variability on Radionuclide Migration" (Paris, France, 9-11 June 1997), addressed these issues and provided an overview of current developments in this technical field- both in national waste management programmes and the scientific community. These developments reinforce confidence in the concepts and models used for repository safety assessment.

In addition to the papers presented, this publication includes a synthesis of the workshop reflecting the discussions that took place as well as the conclusions and recommendations drawn, notably during the working group sessions. The synthesis also puts these conclusions and recommendations into perspective within the scope of the GEOTRAP project and the state of the art in the technical field.

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Field Tracer Experiments: Role in the Prediction of Radionuclide Migration

Proceedings of the 1st NEA/EC GEOTRAP Workshop, Cologne, Germany - 28-30 August 1996
English, 254 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#506, ISBN: 92-64-16013-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/nea506-field-tracer-experiments-radionuclide-migration.pdf

top

International INTRAVAL Project (The) - Flow and Tracer Experiments in Unsaturated Tuff and Soil - Las Cruces Trench and Apache Leap Tuff Studies

Phase 2 - Working Group 1 Report
English, 41 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#297
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/intraval2wg1.pdf

top

International Intraval Project (The) - Phase 2

Summary Report
English, 118 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#446
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/ivalfin2.pdf

top

Lessons Learnt from Ten Performance Assessment Studies

English, 129 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#527
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/ipag.pdf

top

Nuclear Waste Bulletin

No. 12 - June 1997
Bilingual, 90 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#529
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin12.pdf

top

Probabilistic System Assessment Group (The)

History and Achievement - 1985-1994
English, 72 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#466
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1997/probabilistic.pdf

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Co-ordinated Research and Environmental Surveillance Programme Related to Sea Disposal of Radioactive Waste - CRESP Final Report

CRESP Final Report 1981-1995
English, 157 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#117
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/CRESP-1981-1995.pdf

top

International INTRAVAL Project [The] - The Analyses of the Alligator Rivers Natural Analogue

Phase 2, Working Group 4 Report
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#247
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/intraval2wg4.pdf

top

International INTRAVAL Project [The]- Finnsjön, Stripa and Wipp2

Phase 2, Working group 2 Report
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#249
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/intraval2wg2.pdf

top

Nuclear Waste Bulletin

Bilingual, published: 01/01/96
NEA#62
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/bulletin/bulletin6.pdf

top

Radioactive Waste Management in Perspective

English, 142 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#86, ISBN: 92-64-14692-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/1996/86-rwm-perpective.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Point sur la gestion des déchets radioactifs (Le)

Radioactive waste management is often cited as the most important unresolved issue concerning nuclear energy but a broad scientific and technical consensus exists among specialists that all categories of radioactive waste can be managed and disposed of safely with current techniques, provided it is done in accordance with all regulatory requirements. Many stages of radioactive waste management, including the disposal of low-level and medium-level waste, have actually become routine industrial procedures. Strategies are also being developed to store and dispose of high-level, long-lived waste in deep geological repositories.

This clearly written, concise report is intended for the non-specialist reader interested in the situation of radioactive waste management in the OECD area, and in the current expert consensus on the subject. It explains the different principles and stages of radioactive waste management for each category of waste, and addresses issues of environmental protection, safety assessments, financing, public concerns and international co-operation. Annexes summarise the current national radioactive waste management programmes in OECD countries.

top

Water, Gas and Solute Movement Through Argillaceous Media - A "Clay Club" Report

English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#139
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/water.pdf

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Actions humaines futures sur les sites d'évacuation (Les)

Français, published: 01/01/95
NEA#126, ISBN: 92-64-24372-0, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/nea126-actions-humaines.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Future Human Actions at Disposal Sites

top

Environmental and Ethical Aspects of Long-Lived Radioactive Waste Disposal

Proceedings of an International Workshop by the NEA and the Environment Directorate, Paris, France, 1-2 September 1994
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#120, ISBN: 92-64-14373-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/nea120-environmental-ethical-aspects.pdf

top

Environmental and Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal (The)

A Collective Opinion of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#121
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/geodisp.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Fondements environnementaux et éthiques de l'évacuation géologique

top

Fondements environnementaux et éthiques de l'évacuation géologique

Opinion collective du Comité de la gestion des déchets radioactifs de l'AEN
Français, published: 01/01/95
NEA#122
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/geodisp/geological-disposal-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Environmental and Ethical Basis of Geological Disposal (The)

top

Future Human Actions at Disposal Sites

A report of the NEA Working Group on Assessment of Future Human Actions at Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites
English, 72 pages, published: 12/31/95
NEA#6431, ISBN: 978-92-64-14372-2, Order from the OECD Online Bookshop
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1995/nea6431-human-actions.pdf

The assessment of the long-term safety of radioactive waste repositories includes examining natural or human disruptive events and evaluating their impact. This report reviews the main issues raised by potential future human actions at disposal sites, presents a general framework for the quantitative assessment of such actions and discusses the means of reducing the associated risks.

top

Meaning and Application of the Concept of Potential Exposure (The)

English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#228
General Distribution Document Number: OCDE/GD(95)145
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1995/potential.pdf

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

ARAP - The International Alligator Rivers Analogue Project: Background and Results

English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#115
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1994/arap.pdf

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

PSACOIN Level "1B" Intercomparison: Biosphere Modelling

English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#135
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0135-psac1b.pdf

top

PSACOIN Level "S" Intercomparison: Sensitivity Analysis

English, published: 01/01/93
NEA#134
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/nea0134-psacs.pdf

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Can Long-Term Safety Be Evaluated?

An International Collective Opinion
Bilingual, published: 01/01/91
NEA#118
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1991/longterm.pdf

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

PSACOIN Level 1A Intercomparison

An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
English, published: 01/01/90
NEA#1888
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/psac1a.pdf

2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1991 | 1990 | 1987 | page top

top

PSACOIN Level 0 Intercomparison

An International Code Intercomparison Exercise on a Hypothetical Safety Assessment Case Study for Radioactive Waste Disposal Systems
English, published: 01/01/87
NEA#1891
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/science/docs/pubs/psac0.pdf