Publications


List of titles sorted by date
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2017) (2019)
Twenty-Seventh Annual Reports of the ISOE Annual Report, 2017
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2016) (2019)
Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2016
核动力厂职业照射辐射防护最优化工作管理 (2019)
Chinese translation of Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants
Experience from the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) (2018)
Notification, Communication and Interfaces Related to Catastrophic Events Involving Ionising Radiation and/or Radioactive Materials
Summary of the Fourth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-4) (2013)
Exercise Conduct and Evaluation Questionnaires
原子力緊急事態の事後管理における ステークホルダー関与の実践と経験 (2012)
Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management
Evolution of ICRP Recommendations – 1977, 1990 and 2007 (2011)
Changes in Underlying Science and Protection Policy and Case Study of their Impact on European and UK Domestic Regulation
Science and Values in Radiological Protection (2011)
Summary of the CRPPH Workshops held in Helsinki (2008) and Vaux-de-Cernay (2009)
Strategic Aspects of Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management (2010)
Planning for Effective Decision Making; Consequence Management and Transition to Recovery
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2010)
Implementing the 2007 ICRP Recommendations - Fifth Asian Regional Conference, Chiba, Japan, 3-4 September 2009
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2008) (2010)
Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2008
新核电站设计的职业辐射防护原则和准则 (2010)
Chinese translation of Occupational Radiological Protection Principles and Criteria for Designing New Nuclear Power Plants
Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection - 放射線防護における科学的問題と新たな課題 (2009)
Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2009)
Discussion of New ICRP Recommendations, 4th Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 13-14 December 2007
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2007) (2009)
Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2007
Rapport de synthèse sur la conférence du 50e anniversaire du CRPPH (2009)
Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH), 31 mai 2007
Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference (2009)
Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), 31 May 2007
A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations (2008)
Summary of the Three NEA/ICRP Conferences
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2006) (2008)
Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2006
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Third Asian Regional Conference - Tokyo) (2007)
Third Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 5-6 July 2006
Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection (2007)
Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science
Cinquante ans de radioprotection (2007)
Rapport commémoratif du 50ème anniversaire du CRPPH
Fifty Years of Radiological Protection (2007)
The CRPPH 50th Anniversary Commemorative Review
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2005) (2007)
Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2005
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2006)
Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2004
Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire (2006)
Rapport du Groupe d'experts du CRPPH sur l'application réglementaire de l'autorisation (EGRA)
The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (2006)
A Report by the CRPPH Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation (EGRA)
Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants (2005)
Fourth ISOE European Symposium, Lyon, France 24-26 March 2004
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2005)
Second Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 28-29 July 2004
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2003 (2005)
Thirteenth Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2003
Optimisation in Operational Radiological Protection (2005)
A Report by the Working Group on Operational Radiological Protection of the Information System on Occupational Exposure
Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (2004)
Summary Report of the 3rd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, October 2003
Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (Villigen 3) (2004)
Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (2004)
Case Studies for the Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
Politique future en matière de protection radiologique (2004)
Dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur les répercussions des propositions de la CIPR - Exposé de synthèse, Lanzarote, Espagne, 2-4 avril 2003
The Future Policy for Radiological Protection (2004)
A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Proposals - Summary Report, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2002 (2004)
Twelfth Annual Report on the ISOE programme, 2002
Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (2004)
Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 24-25 October 2002
The Future Policy for Radiological Protection (2003)
Workshop Proceedings, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
Options de rejet des effluents des installations nucléaires (2003)
Contexte technique et aspects réglementaires
Effluent Release Options from Nuclear Installations (2003)
Technical Background and Regulatory Aspects
Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants (2003)
Third ISOE European Workshop, Portoroz, Slovenia, 17-19 April 2002
Radiological Protection of the Environment (2003)
Summary Report of the Issues
Protection radiologique de l'environnement (2003)
Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
Radiological Protection of the Environment: The Path Forward to a New Policy? (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Taormina, Sicily, Italy, 12-14 February 2002
Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts (2002)
2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On
Tchernobyl : Evaluation des incidences radiologiques et sanitaires (2002)
Mise à jour 2002 de Tchernobyl : Dix ans déjà
Vers un nouveau système de protection radiologique (2002)
Rapport d'un Groupe d'experts
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2001 (2002)
Eleventh Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2001
The Way Forward in Radiological Protection (2002)
An Expert Group Report
Better Integration of Radiation Protection in Modern Society (2002)
Workshop Proceedings, Villigen, Switzerland, 23-25 January 2001
Policy Issues in Radiological Protection Decision Making (2001)
Summary Report of the 2nd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, January 2001
La prise de décision en radioprotection : domaines d'action des pouvoirs publics (2001)
Résumé du 2ème atelier de Villigen (Suisse), janvier 2001
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2001)
Tenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2000
Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2 (2001)
Final Report of the Canadian Regional Exercise
Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2 (2001)
Final Report of the Hungarian Regional Exercise
A Critical Review of the System of Radiation Protection (2000)
First Reflections of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH)
Analyse critique du système de protection radiologique (2000)
Réflexions préliminaires du Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire
Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2 (2000)
Final Report of the Finnish Regional Exercise
Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2000)
Ninth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1999
ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (1999)
Eighth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1998
ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (1998)
Sixth Annual Report - 1986-1996
Work Management in the Nuclear Power Industry (1997)
A Manual prepared for the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health by the ISOE Expert Group on the Impact of Work Management on Occupational Exposure
Chernobyl - Ten Years On: Radiological and Health Impact (1996)
An appraisal by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health - November 1995
Recycling and Reuse of Scrap Metals (1996)
A Report by a Task Group of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
Considerations on the Concept of Dose Constraint (1996)
A Report by a Joint Group of Experts from the OECD/NEA and the EC.
Radiation Protection Today and Tomorrow (1994)
A Collective Opinion by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health
Exposure to Radiation from the Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials (1979)
Report by an NEA Group of Experts, May, 1979

Detailed publication list

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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2017)
Twenty-Seventh Annual Reports of the ISOE Annual Report, 2017
, published: 05/13/20
NEA#7510
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2020/7510-ISOE-2017-annual-report.pdf
This 27th Annual Report of the International System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) Programme presents the status of the Programme in 2017.
As of 31 December 2017, the ISOE programme included 76 participating utilities in 31 countries (346 operating units; 55 shutdown units; 8 units under construction), as well as 28 regulatory authorities in 26 countries. The ISOE database includes occupational exposure information for over 489 units, covering over 85% of the world’s operating commercial power reactors. This report includes global occupational exposure data and analysis collected in 2017, information on the programme events and achievements as well as principal events in participating countries.
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Challenges in Nuclear and Radiological Legacy Management
English, published: 12/16/19
NEA#7419
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2019/7419-eglm.pdf
Many countries are dealing with challenges stemming from nuclear and radiological legacy sites. In particular, managing these sites in an open and transparent fashion while taking into account the views of all relevant stakeholders and building confidence in the solutions adopted is an ongoing challenge.
This report provides information on the challenges and lessons learnt in legacy management and regulation based on practical experience documented in 13 case studies and site visits conducted by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. A preliminary framework for a stepwise process to help reach an accepted and sustainable end-state is proposed based on this experience. The complex challenges and interactions among stakeholders in progressing in a harmonised, step-by-step manner are also examined in depth. The report concludes with recommendations for future international collaborative work to improve and test the preliminary framework, and to examine and address the complexity of the relevant interactions.
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核电站工作管理——NEA辐射防护和公众健康委员会手册《工作管理对职业照射之影响》专家工作组编
Chinese, published: 11/29/19
NEA#7515
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1997/7515-work-management-nuclear-industry-ch.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Work Management in the Nuclear Power Industry
随着21世纪的悄然逼近,工业化的世界连续不断地变化着。在现代工业的各个方面,日益增加的经济压力,使得生产力和成本竞争能力成为决定企业能否生存的关键因素。作为对这些压力的回应,许多公司采用全面综合的工作方式,即强调多专业、多方面的合成团队工作方式的重要性,强调工作全过程管理的重要性,其中包括策划、设计、计划、准备、执行以及跟踪等各个阶段。通过重点关注以上各点,可以保证工作任务的圆满完成,即按照计划进度、在预算之内、具有足够的质量等级,以最低的费用最大限度地实现预定的目标。这种多专业的、从开始至结束全过程的工作方式可以用“工作管理”这一术语来概括。

本书具体阐述了工作管理的观念,详细介绍了在工作的全过程中如何实施工作管理,包括法规、工作管理政策、工作人员的参与、工作项目的筛选、计划及进度安排、工作准备、工作执行和工作评价与反馈。书中给出的大量实例研究介绍了商用核电站的实际经验。本书可以用于帮助电站经理、运行维修人员、计划准备人员和辐射防护人员改进工作管理的实施。通过实施工作管理可以导致减少完成一项工作所需的工作人员数目,减少在辐射控制区内的用工人时数,并因此减少工作的综合成本。而且还可以按ALARA原则实现职业照射的降低。
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2016)
Twenty-Sixth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2016
English, published: 05/07/19
NEA#7453
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2019/7453-2016_isoe_annual_report.pdf
This 26th Annual Report of the International System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) Programme
presents the status of the Programme in 2016.
As of 31 December 2016, the ISOE programme included 74 participating utilities in 28 countries
(343 operating units; 53 shutdown units; 7 units under construction), as well as the regulatory
authorities in 26 countries. The ISOE database includes occupational exposure information for over
400 units, covering over 85% of the world’s operating commercial power reactors.
This report includes a global occupational exposure data and analysis collected and accomplished
in 2016, information on the programme events and achievements as well as principal events in
participating countries.
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核动力厂职业照射辐射防护最优化工作管理
Chinese translation of Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants
Chinese, published: 04/09/19
NEA#7505
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2019/7505-work-management-zh.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants
- Français: L'organisation du travail pour optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle dans les centrales nucléaires
自1992年以来,职业照射信息系统(ISOE)为来自全世界核动力行业和国家监管当局的辐射防护专家们提供了一个讨论、促进和协调有关核动力厂工作人员辐射防护的国际合作事业的探讨的平台。ISOE的目标是通过互相交流职业辐射防护最优化方法的相关信息、数据和经验,改善核动力厂的职业照射管理。
这个关于工作管理的最新报告为工作管理原则的应用提供了实际的指导,有助于职业辐射防护的最优化。该报告指出,当工作管理不再是一个新的概念时,仍需继续努力,确保在当前和未来的挑战面前,保持它的良好表现、成果和趋势。因此,这本报告的重点在于提出工作管理的关键方面,供管理人员和工作人员考虑,从而节省时间、减少剂量和节约资金,并通过不断更新ISOE共享的实践例子来提供支持。
ISOE由OECD核能署和国际原子能机构共同发起。
ISOE网址:www.isoe-network.net

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Proceedings of the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) Workshop
English, published: 10/02/18
NEA#7442
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7442-inex-5-proceedings.pdf
The Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) was developed in response to NEA member countries' desire to test and demonstrate the value of changes put in place following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. INEX-5 was held during 2015 and 2016, and was followed by the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) Workshop in early 2017. Representatives from 22 member countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Commission attended the workshop, where participants identified elements emerging from INEX-5 that would help improve international and national arrangements for notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving radiation or radiological materials.
The workshop was an interactive experience structured around invited presentations, moderated discussions and breakout groups that addressed the four broad topics of communication and information sharing with other countries and international partners; cross-border and international co-ordination of protective actions; mid- and long-term aspects of recovery; and connections with the work of other international organisations and networks. These proceedings provide a summary of the proposals and recommendations for future work in emergency management.
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Experience from the Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5)
Notification, Communication and Interfaces Related to Catastrophic Events Involving Ionising Radiation and/or Radioactive Materials
English, published: 09/07/18
NEA#7379
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7379-inex-5.pdf
The NEA has a long tradition of expertise in the area of nuclear emergency policy, planning, preparedness and management. Through its activities in this field, it offers member countries unbiased assistance on nuclear preparedness matters, with a view to facilitating improvements in nuclear emergency preparedness strategies and response at the international level. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series.
The Fifth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-5) was developed specifically in response to member countries' desire to test and demonstrate the value of changes put in place following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Exercise objectives focused on notification, communication and interfaces related to catastrophic events involving ionising radiation and/or radioactive material. The exercise was held during 2015 and 2016, with 22 countries participating in the exercise.
This report summarises the major evaluation outcomes of the national and regional exercises, policy level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities emerging from INEX-5 and the discussions at the INEX-5 International Workshop. A set of key needs were identified in areas such as real-time communication and information sharing among countries and international partners, improving cross-border and international co-ordination of protective measures and considering the mental health impacts on populations when implementing protective measures.
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Executive Summary of Towards an All-Hazards Approach to Emergency Preparedness and Response
English, published: 02/26/18
NEA#7436
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7436-all-hazards-epr-es.pdf
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Towards an All-Hazards Approach to Emergency Preparedness and Response
Lessons Learnt from Non-Nuclear Events
English, published: 01/12/18
NEA#7308
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2018/7308-all-hazards-epr.pdf
The field of emergency management is broad, complex and dynamic. In the post-Fukushima context, emergency
preparedness and response (EPR) in the nuclear sector is more than ever being seen as part of a broader
framework. The OECD has recommended that its members ?establish and promote a comprehensive, all-hazards
and transboundary approach to country risk governance to serve as the foundation for enhancing
national resilience and responsiveness?. In order to achieve such an all-hazards approach to emergency
management, a major step in the process will be to consider experiences from the emergency management of
hazards emanating from a variety of sectors.

The NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters (WPNEM) joined forces with the OECD Working Group
on Chemical Accidents (WGCA), the OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate?s High-
Level Risk Forum (HLRF) and the European Commission?s Joint Research Centre (JRC) to collaborate on this
report, which demonstrates similarities between emergency planning and preparedness across sectors, and
identifies lessons learnt and good practices in diverse areas for the benefit of the international community.
A set of expert contributions, enriched with a broad range of national experiences, are presented in the
report to take into account expertise gathered from the emergency management of hazards other than those
emanating from the nuclear sector in an effort to support and foster an all-hazards approach to EPR.

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Radiological Protection Science and Application
English, 111 pages, published: 03/03/16
NEA#7265
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2016/7265-rp-science-application.pdf
Since the discovery of radiation at the end of the 19th century, the health effects of exposure to radiation have been studied more than almost any other factor with potential effects on human health. The NEA has long been involved in discussions on the effects of radiation exposure, releasing two reports in 1994 and 2007 on radiological protection science.

This report is the third in this state-of-the-art series, examining recent advances in the understanding of radiation risks and effects, particularly at low doses. It focuses on radiobiology and epidemiology, and also addresses the social science aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. The report summarises the status of, and issues arising from, the application of the International System of Radiological Protection to different types of prevailing circumstances.

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Summary of the Fourth International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX-4)
Exercise Conduct and Evaluation Questionnaires
English, 48 pages, published: 07/29/13
NEA#7143
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2013/7143-summary-inex4.pdf
The International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, organised under the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters (WPNEM), has proven successful in testing, investigating and improving national and international response arrangements for nuclear accidents and radiological emergencies. Early INEX exercises focused on the national and international aspects of early phase management of nuclear power plant emergencies. Starting with INEX-3 (2005-2006), the international community began looking at issues concerning longer-term consequence management. In 2008, the WPNEM started preparing the INEX-4 series, which was conducted in 2010-2011 and addressed consequence management and transition to recovery in response to malicious acts involving the release of radioactive materials in an urban setting. The goal of INEX-4 was to provide a basis for enhancing emergency management through the exchange of exercise experiences from participating countries and the identification of good practices and common issues. This summary report provides general outcomes based on country responses to the INEX-4 evaluation questionnaire and suggests areas of focus for future consideration.

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原子力緊急事態の事後管理における ステークホルダー関与の実践と経験
Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management
Japanese, 24 pages, published: 09/20/12
NEA#7128
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2012/7128-practices-stakeholder-post-emergency-jp.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management

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Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management
English, 25 pages, published: 10/04/11
NEA#6994, ISBN: 978-92-64-99166-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2011/6994-practices-stakeholder-involvement-post-emergency.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: 原子力緊急事態の事後管理における ステークホルダー関与の実践と経験
One of the most important aspects of post-accident consequence management is the involvement of stakeholders: in the planning, preparation and execution as well as in sustaining efforts over the long term. Having recognised the significance of stakeholder participation in several International Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX), the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) decided to organise the Practices and Experience in Stakeholder Involvement for Post-nuclear Emergency Management Workshop to explore these issues. This summary highlights the key issues discussed during the workshop, which brought together 75 emergency management and communication specialists from 16 countries. In light of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the experience shared during this workshop will be central to further improving national emergency management arrangements.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Japanese version) 放射線防護体系の発展
ICRP 2007年勧告の取り入れに関する討論
Japanese, published: 03/31/11
NEA#6911, ISBN: 978-92-64-99158-3
Volume of the series: Radiation Protection
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6911-evolution-system-radiological-jp.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
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Evolution of ICRP Recommendations – 1977, 1990 and 2007
Changes in Underlying Science and Protection Policy and Case Study of their Impact on European and UK Domestic Regulation
English, 115 pages, published: 02/28/11
NEA#6920, ISBN: 978-92-64-99153-8
Volume of the series: Radiation Protection
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2011/6920-icrp-recommendations.pdf
Radiological protection philosophy, regulation and application have evolved significantly over the last 30 years, adapting to the ever-changing landscapes of scientific understanding and societal values. This report provides a methodical assessment of these changes. Starting with radiological protection in the 1970s, it describes the philosophical differences between International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 26, issued in 1977, and ICRP Publication 60, issued in 1990, as well as the regulatory evolution that was necessary to effectively implement the changes. It then examines the philosophical and regulatory changes between ICRP Publication 60 and ICRP Publication 103 of 2007. Although the regulatory changes needed to implement Publication 103 are, in practice, yet to come, the report provides a seasoned view of what these changes will most likely be, and what efforts will be necessary to successfully implement them.
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Science and Values in Radiological Protection
Summary of the CRPPH Workshops held in Helsinki (2008) and Vaux-de-Cernay (2009)
English, 84 pages, published: 02/17/11
NEA#6364, ISBN: 978-92-64-99156-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2011/6364-sciences-values-in-rp.pdf
Decisions regarding radiological protection are informed by science, including its uncertainties, influenced by stakeholder concerns, driven by prevailing circumstances, and broadly based on values and judgments. However, the processes by which protection decisions are taken do not always sufficiently articulate the scientific and value-judgment elements on which decisions are based. To assist decision makers at all levels to further clarify the various aspects of their decisions, and to assist scientists and regulators in better understanding each other’s contributions to radiological protection decisions, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has held two workshops addressing science and values in radiological protection. This report summarises the discussions and conclusions of the first two workshops in this innovative series, and suggests the way forward in preparing the discussions at the third science and values workshop.

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Strategic Aspects of Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management
Planning for Effective Decision Making; Consequence Management and Transition to Recovery
English, 72 pages, published: 10/05/10
NEA#6387, ISBN: 978-92-64-99146-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6387-strategic-aspects-of-nuclear.pdf
The collective experience of the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters (WPNEM), and in particular, the experience from the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, has shown that it is important to plan and to implement emergency response actions based on a guiding strategic vision. Within this context, Strategic Aspects of Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Management presents a framework of strategic planning elements to be considered by national emergency management authorities when establishing or enhancing processes for decision making, and when developing or implementing protection strategies. The focus is on nuclear or radiological emergency situations leading to complex preparedness and response conditions, involving multiple jurisdictions and significant international interfaces.

The report is aimed at national emergency management authorities, international organisations and those who are seeking to improve the effectiveness of emergency management. Its goal is to provide insights into decision-making processes within existing emergency planning arrangements. It also highlights common areas of good practice in decision making. Specific areas for improvement, identified during the INEX-3 consequence management exercise, are included, particularly in support of decision making for countermeasures for consequence management and the transition to recovery.
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Occupational Radiological Protection Principles and Criteria for Designing New Nuclear Power Plants
English, 112 pages, published: 10/05/10
NEA#6975, ISBN: 978-92-64-99142-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6975-criteria-new-plants.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 新核电站设计的职业辐射防护原则和准则
Global demand for electricity continues to grow and numerous new nuclear power plants (NPPs) are being planned or constructed in NEA member countries. Most of these new NPPs will be of the third generation, and will be designed for as long as 80 years of operation. The successful design, construction and operation of these plants will depend broadly on appropriately implementing the lessons from experience accumulated to date.

This case study introduces a policy and technical framework that may be used when formulating technical assistance and guidance for senior managers of NPPs, designers, manufacturers, contractors and authorities responsible for regulating occupational radiation exposure. It is aimed in particular at assisting design and license assessments of new NPPs. Although not targeting the needs of countries introducing nuclear power for the first time, this case study can also provide valuable input on occupational radiological protection issues for the implementation of new nuclear energy programmes.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Implementing the 2007 ICRP Recommendations - Fifth Asian Regional Conference, Chiba, Japan, 3-4 September 2009
English, 28 pages, published: 09/24/10
NEA#6828, ISBN: 978-92-64-99147-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6828-evolution-system-radiological.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Japanese version) 放射線防護体系の発展
Since 2002, the NEA has been actively facilitating the detailed discussion of the evolving system of radiological protection in an Asian context. Its work in this area has included four previous conferences to discuss various International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) draft general recommendations. The Fifth Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection was the first in this series to be focused directly on the implementation of the new ICRP recommendations. This conference report provides very useful, practical insight into the Asian approach to implementing this new radiological protection philosophy.
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L'organisation du travail pour optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle dans les centrales nucléaires
Français, 132 pages, published: 06/09/10
NEA#6400, ISBN: 978-92-64-99134-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6400-organisation-travail.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants
- Chinese: 核动力厂职业照射辐射防护最优化工作管理
Depuis 1992, le Système d’information sur les expositions professionnelles [Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE)] a mis en place un forum pour les professionnels de la radioprotection des installations électronucléaires et les autorités de réglementation nationales du monde entier pour discuter, promouvoir et coordonner des opérations coopératives internationales en faveur de la radioprotection des travailleurs dans les centrales nucléaires. L’objectif d’ISOE est d’améliorer la gestion des expositions professionnelles dans les centrales nucléaires à travers l’échange de données, d’informations et d’expériences pertinentes sur les méthodes permettant d’optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle.

Ce rapport sur l’organisation du travail constitue un guide pratique sur l’application des principes d’organisation du travail dans le cadre de l’optimisation de la radioprotection professionnelle. Il reconnaît que, bien que l’organisation du travail ne soit pas un concept nouveau, des efforts continus sont nécessaires pour maintenir un bon niveau de résultats, de performances et de tendances face aux défis actuels et futurs. Le but de ce rapport est donc de présenter les aspects essentiels de l’organisation du travail qui doivent être pris en compte par les personnels d’encadrement et d’exécution pour réduire les doses d’exposition ainsi que le temps et les coûts. Il s’appuie sur des exemples pratiques issus de la communauté ISOE.

ISOE est coparrainé par l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN) et l’Agence internationale de l’énergie atomique (AIEA).

Réseau ISOE : www.isoe-network.net
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2008)
Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2008
English, 132 pages, published: 05/27/10
NEA#6826, ISBN: 978-92-64-99131-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/6826-occupational-exposures.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of occupational radiological protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience.

At the end of 2008, the ISOE programme included 59 participating utilities in 26 countries (278 operating units and 32 shutdown units), as well as the regulatory authorities of 22 countries. The ISOE database, publications, annual symposia and ISOE Network website facilitate the exchange amongst participants of operational experience and lessons learnt in the optimisation of occupational radiological protection.

The Eighteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises occupational exposure data trends and ISOE achievements made during 2008. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.

ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
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新核电站设计的职业辐射防护原则和准则
Chinese translation of Occupational Radiological Protection Principles and Criteria for Designing New Nuclear Power Plants
Chinese, 115 pages, published: 03/27/10
NEA#7438
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2010/7438-criteria-new-plants-zh.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Occupational Radiological Protection Principles and Criteria for Designing New Nuclear Power Plants
Global demand for electricity continues to grow and numerous new nuclear power plants (NPPs) are being planned or constructed in NEA member countries. Most of these new NPPs will be of the third generation, and will be designed for as long as 80 years of operation. The successful design, construction and operation of these plants will depend broadly on appropriately implementing the lessons from experience accumulated to date.

This case study introduces a policy and technical framework that may be used when formulating technical assistance and guidance for senior managers of NPPs, designers, manufacturers, contractors and authorities responsible for regulating occupational radiation exposure. It is aimed in particular at assisting design and license assessments of new NPPs. Although not targeting the needs of countries introducing nuclear power for the first time, this case study can also provide valuable input on occupational radiological protection issues for the implementation of new nuclear energy programmes.

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Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection - 放射線防護における科学的問題と新たな課題
Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science
Japanese, 120 pages, published: 11/05/09
NEA#6876, ISBN: 978-92-64-99099-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6876-scientific-issues-jp.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection
- Français: EGIS - Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection (French version) 
放射線防護における科学的問題と新たな課題

科学的知見は、更に進化したテクノロジーが利用可能になるよう常に発展しており、より綿密な研究が実施されている。政策を決定し得る新たな研究成果である将来的な意味合い内容が提示され、1998年、NEAの放射線防護公共保健委員会(CRPPH)では放射線防護科学分野において最先端の研究調査を実施した。この調査は、放射線防護の現システムが科学的理解に支えられていることを示唆しており、様々な分野における知見の増大は、政策、規制に多大なインパクトを与える。10年後においても、CRPPHは再度、最先端の研究調査を繰り返し行い続け、先の結論を明確にする。

このレポートは放射線防護科学の最新のCRPPHアセスメントの結論を要約している。特に、個別機微な、標的とされていない知見、遅れた影響が、過去10年間に多大な改善をされ続けてきたことを説明している。それらは、まだこれらの分野である種非科学的であるにも関わらず、多くの最近の研究や調査を基に、レポートでは政策決定者や規制権者はこれから数年の研究から得られるであろう可能なインパクトを考えるべきだと堅調に示している。更に、レポートは政策選択においてより直接的インパクトを持つ科学的疑問に対し、より決定的な回答をするためにサポートされるべき研究分野を扱っている。
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Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law - 法令にみる環境放射線防護
Japanese, 62 pages, published: 09/09/09
NEA#6397, ISBN: 978-92-64-99098-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6397-environmental-law-jp.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law
- Français: Le droit de la protection radiologique de l'environnement
法令にみる環境放射線防護

この出版物は国際、ヨーロッパ、そして国内の環境放射線防護に関する法律に係る調査について記述している。これにはオーストラリア、カナダ、フランス、日本、英国、そしてアメリカ合衆国の国々が網羅される。この法律に関する調査は、より良い環境を放射線からどのように保護できるかに触れており、現在のアプローチの強弱と併せ、規制における動向をどのように定義付けるかを扱っている。この本は、放射線防護分野の規制者、政策決定者だけでなく、環境規制に関心のある、より一般的な方への有用なものとなるであろう。
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Discussion of New ICRP Recommendations, 4th Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 13-14 December 2007
English, 48 pages, published: 08/12/09
NEA#6363, ISBN: 978-92-64-99088-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6363-fourth-asian.pdf
The evolution of the system of radiological protection is of great interest to governments and regulatory authorities, in particular in Asia. In this context, the Japanese government hosted a series of NEA conferences on this subject. The 4th Asian Regional Conference, held in Tokyo in December 2007, included key discussions of Japanese, Korean, Chinese and Russian views on the new International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations, and on their interpretation in the international Basic Safety Standards and national regulations. This report summarises the most significant aspects of these discussions, providing keen insight into governmental and regulatory approaches to radiological protection in Asia.
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Work Management to Optimise Occupational Radiological Protection at Nuclear Power Plants
English, 128 pages, published: 07/13/09
NEA#6399, ISBN: 978-92-64-99089-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6399-work-management.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: L'organisation du travail pour optimiser la radioprotection professionnelle dans les centrales nucléaires
- Chinese: 核动力厂职业照射辐射防护最优化工作管理
Since 1992, the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has provided a forum for radiological protection professionals from nuclear power utilities and national regulatory authorities worldwide to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings for the radiological protection of workers at nuclear power plants. The ISOE objective is to improve occupational exposure management at nuclear power plants by exchanging relevant information, data and experience on methods to optimise occupational radiological protection.

This report on work management provides practical guidance on the application of work management principles as a contribution to the optimisation of occupational radiological protection. It recognises that while work management is no longer a new concept, continued efforts are needed to ensure that good performance, outcomes and trends are maintained in the face of current and future challenges. The focus of this report is therefore on presenting the key aspects of work management that should be considered by management and workers to save time, doses and money, supported by updated practical examples from within the ISOE community.

ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2007)
Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2007
English, 120 pages, published: 04/03/09
NEA#6386, ISBN: 978-92-64-99082-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6386-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience.

The programme includes 71 participating utilities in 29 countries (334 operating units and 45 shutdown units), as well as the regulatory authorities of 25 countries. The ISOE database, annual symposia and ISOE Network website facilitate the exchange of operational experience and lessons learnt among participants.

The Seventeenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises occupational exposure data trends and ISOE achievements made during 2007. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.

ISOE is jointly sponsored by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

ISOE Network: www.isoe-network.net
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Rapport de synthèse sur la conférence du 50e anniversaire du CRPPH
Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH), 31 mai 2007
Français, 48 pages, published: 04/01/09
NEA#6452, ISBN: 978-92-64-99079-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6452-crpph-50e-conference-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference
Le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l’AEN a célébré son 50e anniversaire en mai 2007. Mettant à profit l’expérience accumulée en un demi-siècle, le Comité a saisi cette occasion pour déterminer quels seront, dans les 50 prochaines années, les grands enjeux de la politique et de la réglementation en matière de radioprotection et de leur application. Ce rapport résume les contributions et les analyses des responsables de haut niveau des autorités de sûreté et des organisations internationales de radioprotection qui ont participé à l’événement et ont donné leurs points de vue sur la meilleure façon dont les spécialistes de radioprotection peuvent ensemble relever ces nouveaux défis.
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Summary Report of the CRPPH 50th Anniversary Conference
Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH), 31 May 2007
English, 48 pages, published: 04/01/09
NEA#6451, ISBN: 978-92-64-99078-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6451-crpph-50th-conference.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Rapport de synthèse sur la conférence du 50e anniversaire du CRPPH
The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) celebrated its 50th anniversary in May 2007. Taking advantage of its half century of experience, the Committee took this occasion to look forward towards the next 50 years in order to identify the most significant emerging challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application. This report summarises the presentations and discussions of the high-level regulators and international radiological protection organisations’ leaders who attended, providing their views on how the radiological protection community can best move forward together to address emerging challenges.

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La contribution de l'AEN à l'évolution du système international de protection radiologique
Français, 138 pages, published: 03/31/09
NEA#6441, ISBN: 978-92-64-99081-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6441-evolution-int-system-rp-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Japanese version of The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection 
- English: The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection
Depuis que la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) a lancé en 1999 une réflexion collective sur le système de protection radiologique, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l’AEN y a activement contribué par la communication de ses observations et ses points de vue. Les travaux du Comité dans ce domaine ont fait l'objet de huit rapports de groupes d'experts, de sept conférences internationales et de quatre revues critiques approfondies des différentes versions des futures recommandations de la CIPR. Le présent rapport récapitule par ordre chronologique les sujets, points de vue et motifs de préoccupation évoqués par le CRPPH à mesure que la CIPR élaborait les différents projets de ses nouvelles recommandations (parues en décembre 2007 en tant que Publication 103 de la CIPR), ainsi que les réactions de la Commission telles qu'elles transparaissaient des versions qui se suivaient. Cette synthèse présente l'intérêt non seulement d'aider le lecteur à comprendre les thématiques et concepts propres aux nouvelles recommandations, mais aussi pourquoi et comment ont vu le jour les modifications faites aux précédentes recommandations de la Publication 60.
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The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection
English, 122 pages, published: 03/31/09
NEA#6440, ISBN: 978-92-64-99080-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6440-evolution-int-system-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Japanese version of The NEA Contribution to the Evolution of the International System of Radiological Protection 
- Français: La contribution de l'AEN à l'évolution du système international de protection radiologique
Since the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) initiated a dialogue in 1999 on the evolution of the system of radiological protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has actively engaged in providing the ICRP with input and views. The Committee’s work on this subject has included eight expert group reports, seven international conferences, and four detailed review and comment assessments of draft ICRP recommendations. This report presents a chronological summary of the issues, views and concerns raised by the CRPPH as the ICRP issued various draft versions of its new recommendations (ICRP Publication 103, published in December 2007), and of the response by the ICRP as seen in its subsequent draft recommendations. The interest of this summary report is that it will not only assist readers in understanding the main themes and concepts of the new ICRP recommendations, but also why and how the changes from the previous ICRP Publication 60 recommendations came about.

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Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability - 今日の世界における放射線防護: 持続可能性に向けて
Japanese, 72 pages, published: 12/31/08
NEA#6398, ISBN: 978-92-64-99063-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2009/6398-radiation-protection-jp.pdf
放射線防護の科学とその適用は、放射線の身体への影響がはじめて発見された20世紀当初以降、持続的に発展してきている。過去10~15年にわたって、これらの発展を受け、そして科学的価値やその判断の最近の発展を考慮して、CRPPHは、持続的な決定に達するための新たなアプローチを必要とする継続的な挑戦と同様に、今後現れる可能性のある挑戦に注目する価値があることを感じている。

このレポートは、既に現れているか、あるいは今後現れるかもしれない放射線防護政策、規制とその適用に対するもっとも重要な挑戦へのCRPPHの考えを簡潔に記述したものである。これらの問題に対する解決策が計画されるまで、このレポートは、科学、社会や経験の発展を考慮し、政府がこれらの挑戦に対してよりよい先見をもち、必要に応じて、それらの準備が可能となるように、重要な考えや課題を述べるであろう。

The science and application of radiological protection have continually evolved since the beginning of the 20th century when the health effects of radiation first began to be discovered. Given these changes, notably over the past 10 to 15 years, and considering the recent evolution of social values and judgements, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) felt that it would be worthwhile to identify possible emerging challenges as well as ongoing challenges that will require new approaches to reach sustainable decisions.

This report concisely describes the CRPPH views of the most significant challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application that are likely to emerge or are already emerging. While not proposing solutions to these issues, the report characterises key aspects and pressures, taking into account the evolution of science, society and experience, such that governments can better foresee these challenges and be prepared to address them appropriately.
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A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations
Summary of the Three NEA/ICRP Conferences
English, 44 pages, published: 03/13/08
NEA#6169, ISBN: 978-92-64-99033-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2008/6169-icrp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur les répercussions des recommandations de la CIPR
Since its inception the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been involved in the assessment and implementation of the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The development of new general ICRP recommendations, to replace those of the 1990 ICRP Publication 60, was thus of great interest to the NEA and its member countries. As a result, the NEA initiated a process of interaction and dialogue with the ICRP to ensure that the views and concerns of NEA member countries could be voiced and appropriately addressed in the new ICRP recommendations. The new ICRP recommendations were approved by the ICRP Main Commission in March 2007, by which point the NEA had sponsored 7 international conferences and produced 13 publications on the subject.

This report is the summary of the three international dialogue conferences (held in Tokyo, 5-6 July 2006, Washington, DC, 28-29 August 2006, and Prague, 24-25 October 2006) that were organised to provide the ICRP with feedback regarding the June 2006 draft of its new recommendations. It includes a presentation of the key points of the draft recommendations, a summary of the suggestions made during the three conferences, and an assessment of the significant evolution that has been seen in the ICRP’s presentation of its draft recommendations over the course of the conference series.
French blurb
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Dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur les répercussions des recommandations de la CIPR
Synthèse des trois conférences de l'AEN/CIPR
Français, 48 pages, published: 03/13/08
NEA#6327, ISBN: 978-92-64-99043-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2008/6327-icrp-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Recommendations
Depuis sa création, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) participe à l'examen et à l'application des recommandations de la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR). L'élaboration de nouvelles recom-mandations générales de la CIPR pour remplacer la Publication 60 de la CIPR de 1990, intéressait donc au plus haut point l'AEN et ses pays membres, et c'est pourquoi l'Agence a mis en place une démarche de concertation et de dialogue avec la CIPR afin de s'assurer que les points de vues et préoccupations de ses pays membres puissent s'exprimer et soient pris en compte dans ces nouvelles recommandations. La Commission principale de la CIPR a approuvé les nouvelles recommandations au mois de mars 2007. À cette date l'AEN avait organisé 7 conférences internationales et rédigé 13 publications sur le sujet.

Le présent rapport fait la synthèse des trois conférences internationales (Tokyo, 5 et 6 juillet 2006, Washington, DC, 28 et 29 août 2006 et Prague, 24 et 25 octobre 2006) organisées afin de communiquer à la CIPR des commentaires sur son projet de recommandations de juin 2006. Le lecteur y trouvera une présentation des grandes lignes du projet de recommandations, un résumé des suggestions faites au cours des trois conférences ainsi qu'une description de l'évolution significative de la façon dont la CIPR a présenté son projet de recommandations au fil des conférences.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2006)
Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2006
English, 120 pages, published: 02/14/08
NEA#6318, ISBN: 978-92-64-99042-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2008/6318-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiological protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. A total of 71 utilities in 29 countries participate in the programme as well as the regulatory authorities of 25 countries. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 401 operating commercial nuclear power plants (representing about 91% of the world's total operating commercial reactors), as well as 80 units undergoing decommissioning.

The Sixteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2006 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.

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Enseignements tirés du troisième Exercice international d'urgence nucléaire (INEX 3) sur la gestion des conséquences
Français, 48 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6326, ISBN: 978-92-64-99041-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6326-inex3-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Experience from the Third International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX 3) on Consequence Management
Depuis le début des années 1990, l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN) offre à ses pays membres un forum consacré à l'amélioration de l'efficience et l'efficacité de la gestion des urgences nucléaires, où les aspects internationaux de la préparation et des interventions occupent une place importante. La préparation et la réalisation des exercices de la série INEX (Exercices internationaux d’urgence nucléaire) sont au cœur de cette démarche.

Le Groupe de travail de l’AEN sur les urgences nucléaires a mis au point la série INEX 3 d'exercices de gestion des conséquences pour répondre à la demande des membres qui souhaitent mieux se préparer à la gestion à plus long terme des suites d’un accident nucléaire ou d’une situation d'urgence radiologique. Ces exercices ont été conçus et menés de manière à permettre aux participants d'analyser les dispositions prises aux niveaux national et international pour intervenir lors d'une vaste contamination radiologique de l'environnement ainsi que les questions liées à la gestion des conséquences qui devraient se poser à moyen et à long terme après ce type d'incident. Les domaines approfondis recouvrent les contre-mesures agricoles et alimentaires, les décisions relatives à ces contre-mesures concernant notamment les déplacements, le commerce ou le tourisme, la gestion du retour à la normale et l'information du public. La série d'exercices menés en 2005 et 2006 s'est conclue par un atelier d'évaluation où les participants ont pu partager leurs expériences nationales d'INEX 3, comparer leurs approches, analyser les implications sur le processus de prise de décision et identifier les principaux besoins pour la gestion à plus long terme des conséquences.

Ce rapport récapitule le développement des exercices INEX 3, les principaux résultats des évaluations des exercices nationaux et les conclusions essentielles de l'exercice et de l'atelier concernant la politique à suivre. Il contient également des recommandations et décrit les activités à entreprendre pour compléter ce travail.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection (Third Asian Regional Conference - Tokyo)
Third Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 5-6 July 2006
English, 244 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6336, ISBN: 978-92-64-04209-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6336-third-asian-conference.pdf
The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has actively participated in discussions with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) regarding the development of new recommendations that will replace those in ICRP Publication 60, which has long served as the international standard in this field. Part of this development process has involved the organisation of seven international workshops, including the First and Second Asian Regional Conferences on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection which took place in Tokyo, Japan in October 2002 and July 2004. The Third Asian Regional Conference was held on 5-6 July 2006, also in Tokyo.

The main objective of these conferences was to ensure that the views and concerns of relevant Asian stakeholders, such as regulatory authorities, industry, professional societies and NGOs, could be expressed and discussed with the ICRP. The three conferences provided the ICRP with specific views on how new recommendations could best be developed to address regulatory and implementation needs in the Asian context. These proceedings summarise the results and key discussions of the Third Asian Regional Conference.
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Experience from the Third International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX 3) on Consequence Management
English, 48 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6163, ISBN: 978-92-64-99040-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6163-inex3.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Enseignements tirés du troisième Exercice international d'urgence nucléaire (INEX 3) sur la gestion des conséquences
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has offered its member countries a forum for improving efficiency and effectiveness in nuclear emergency management, focusing in particular on the international aspects of emergency preparedness and response. A central approach to this has been the preparation and conduct of the International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series.

The INEX 3 consequence management exercise series was developed by the NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters in response to its members’ desire to better prepare for the longer-term response following a nuclear or radiological emergency. INEX 3 was designed and conducted to allow participants to investigate the national and international arrangements for responding to widespread radiological contamination of the environment and the consequence management issues likely to be raised in the medium to long term following such an event. The main areas addressed included agriculture and food countermeasures, decisions on countermeasures such as travel, trade or tourism, recovery management and public information. The exercise series, conducted in 2005-2006, was followed by an evaluation workshop aimed at allowing participants to share their national experiences with INEX 3, compare approaches, analyse the implications on decision making and identify key needs in longer-term consequence management.

This report summarises the development of the INEX 3 exercise, the major evaluation outcomes of the national exercises, and the key policy-level outcomes, recommendations and follow-up activities arising from the exercise and workshop.
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Strategy for Developing and Conducting Nuclear Emergency Exercises
English, 40 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6162, ISBN: 978-92-64-99038-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6162-emergency.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Une stratégie pour la conception et la réalisation des exercices d'urgence nucléaire
Emergency situations demand that actions be taken by the responsible organisations at the local, national and international levels to mitigate their impact on people and the environment. In order to be able to deliver an effective emergency response in both the short and long term, it is necessary to make and maintain adequate plans and arrangements. Prudence dictates that these be prepared in advance of an emergency situation, contain appropriate elements for preparedness, response and assistance, and take adequate account of international interfaces. The successful management of an emergency, along with the effectiveness of the response arrangements, will be facilitated through the use of well-planned tests and exercises.

Drawing on the collective experience of the OECD/NEA Working Party on Nuclear Emergency Matters and its International Nuclear Emergency Exercise (INEX) series, this report aims to assist national and international emergency authorities in developing their own exercise-specific strategy by providing insights on exercise justification, design, conduct and evaluation. The focus is on providing an understanding, basis and strategy for the decision to exercise rather than detailed guidance on how to exercise.

Exercising is one tool for enhancing performance, testing plans and identifying areas for improvement; however, it is an important and resource-intensive tool. Therefore, the objective of this report is to provide a summary of strategic considerations for improving the value of planning, conducting and evaluating exercises and following up on lessons identified. This strategy may also find applicability in developing approaches for other types of non-nuclear emergency exercises.
French blurb
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Une stratégie pour la conception et la réalisation des exercices d'urgence nucléaire
Français, 44 pages, published: 12/31/07
NEA#6325, ISBN: 978-92-64-99039-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6325-urgence.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Strategy for Developing and Conducting Nuclear Emergency Exercises
Les organisations responsables aux niveaux local, national et international doivent prendre les mesures nécessaires pour limiter les conséquences des situations de crise sur les populations et l'environnement. Pour pouvoir intervenir de manière efficace à court terme et à long terme, il convient d'établir des plans et de prendre des dispositions adaptées. La prudence dicte de les préparer d'avance et d'y intégrer tout ce qui permettra d'être prêt, d'intervenir et d'assurer les secours sans oublier la dimension internationale. Des tests et exercices bien préparés augmenteront les chances de gérer correctement la situation de crise ainsi que l'efficacité des dispositifs pris pour les interventions.

Fondé sur l'expérience collective du Groupe de travail sur les urgences nucléaires de l'OCDE/AEN et de la série d’Exercices internationaux d’urgence nucléaire (INEX) qu'il organise, cet ouvrage est destiné aux autorités nationales et internationales chargées de la gestion de crise qui trouveront dans les indications concernant la justification, la conception, la conduite et l'évaluation de ces exercices une aide pour concevoir leur propre stratégie d'exercices. L'ouvrage met l'accent sur la réflexion, les raisons et la stratégie qui doivent présider à la décision d'organiser des exercices plutôt que de donner des recommandations détaillées sur la façon de les mener.

L'exercice est un moyen de se perfectionner, de tester les plans et d'identifier les améliorations à apporter. C'est aussi un outil important qui exige beaucoup de moyens. C'est pourquoi cet ouvrage se veut une synthèse de considérations stratégiques pour tirer le meilleur parti de la planification, de la conduite et de l'évaluation des exercices ainsi que des enseignements tirés. Cette stratégie pourrait aussi être exploitée pour concevoir des démarches applicables à d'autres types d'exercices d’urgence en dehors du secteur nucléaire.
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Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection
Report of the Expert Group on the Implications of Radiological Protection Science
English, 120 pages, published: 11/21/07
NEA#6167, ISBN: 978-92-64-99032-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6167-egis.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection - 放射線防護における科学的問題と新たな課題
- Français: EGIS - Scientific Issues and Emerging Challenges for Radiological Protection (French version) 
Scientific knowledge is constantly evolving as more advanced technologies become available and more in-depth research is carried out. Given the potential implications that new findings could have on policy decisions, in 1998 the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) performed a survey of state-of-the-art research in radiological protection science. This study suggested that, while the current system of radiological protection was well-underpinned by scientific understanding, growing knowledge in several areas could seriously impact policy and regulation. Ten years later, the CRPPH has again performed a survey of state-of-the-art research which reiterates and clarifies its earlier conclusions.

This report summarises the results of this latest CRPPH assessment of radiological protection science. Specifically, it explains that knowledge of non-targeted and delayed effects, as well as of individual sensitivity, have been significantly refined over the past ten years. Although at this point there is still no scientific certainty in these areas, based on the most recent studies and results, the report strongly suggests that policy makers and regulatory authorities should consider possible impacts that could arise from research in the next few years. Further, the report identifies research areas that should be supported to more definitively answer scientific questions having the most direct impacts on policy choices.
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The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス
Bilingual, 148 pages, published: 08/29/07
NEA#6279, ISBN: 978-92-64-99028-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6279-authorisation-jp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire
- English: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation
In parallel to the work carried out by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) to review the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has examined how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls “the process of regulatory authorisation”. It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. The CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process of regulatory authorisation.

規制認可のプロセス
広範な防護原則をレビューするために国際放射線防護委員会(ICRP)などで行
われている作業に並行して、NEAの放射線防護・公衆衛生委員会(CRPPH)
は、放射線防護が政府そして/又は規制機関によって、どのようにより良く実
行され得るのか調査を行った。この結果、CRPPHは「規制認可のプロセス」
という概念を開発した。それは、この報告書で詳細に記述されており、規制機
関が、放射線防護規制や対策の実態に合わせて、広範なICRP勧告をより透明
性を持って、理解しやすく、簡潔に適用することの扶助になると思われる。
CRPPHは、規制認可のプロセスにおいて、適切なレベルのステークホルダーイ
ンボルブメントが重要であることを認識している。
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Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability
English, 74 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6165, ISBN: 978-92-64-99013-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6165-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La radioprotection aujourd'hui et la voie du développement durable
The science and application of radiological protection have continually evolved since the beginning of the 20th century when the health effects of radiation first began to be discovered. Given these changes, notably over the past 10 to 15 years, and considering the recent evolution of social values and judgements, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) felt that it would be worthwhile to identify possible emerging challenges as well as ongoing challenges that will require new approaches to reach sustainable decisions.

This report concisely describes the CRPPH views of the most significant challenges to radiological protection policy, regulation and application that are likely to emerge or are already emerging. While not proposing solutions to these issues, the report characterises key aspects and pressures, taking into account the evolution of science, society and experience, such that governments can better foresee these challenges and be prepared to address them appropriately.
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Cinquante ans de radioprotection
Rapport commémoratif du 50ème anniversaire du CRPPH
Français, 116 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6281, ISBN: 978-92-64-99018-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6281-commemoratif.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Fifty Years of Radiological Protection
Le 21 mars 1957, le Comité de direction de l’énergie nucléaire de l’Organisation européenne de coopération économique créait le groupe de travail sur la santé publique et la sécurité. Depuis cette époque lointaine, la protection radiologique est au cœur de l’activité de ce qui allait devenir l’Agence de l’OCDE pour l’énergie nucléaire.

Cinquante ans plus tard, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) a commandé cette chronique d’un demi-siècle de travaux et de réalisations. Tout au long de cette période, il a identifié, débattu et traité les grands thèmes liés à la radioprotection. Ce rapport fait revivre cette histoire en resituant les grandes questions dans le contexte de leur époque et en mettant en scène les personnalités qui ont eu à les traiter. Ce sont les évolutions et les considérations passées qui conditionnent notre aptitude à évaluer et gérer les risques radiologiques d’aujourd’hui ainsi qu’à faire face aux défis attendus ou probables de demain. Le CRPPH se doit donc d’accorder toute son importance à cet héritage dans la perspective de cinquante nouvelles années d’activité.
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Fifty Years of Radiological Protection
The CRPPH 50th Anniversary Commemorative Review
English, 112 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6280, ISBN: 978-92-64-99017-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6280-commemorative.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Cinquante ans de radioprotection
On 21 March 1957, the Steering Committee for Nuclear Energy of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation established the Working Party on Public Health and Safety. From this early date onwards, radiological protection formed a central part of the work of what was to become the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.

Now, 50 years later, the Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has commissioned this historical review of half a century of work and accomplishments. Over this period, the key topics in radiological protection have been identified, debated and addressed by the CRPPH. This report brings this history to life, presenting the major questions in the context of their time, and of the personalities who worked to address them. The developments and views of the past condition how we are able to assess and manage radiological risks today, as well as how we may adjust to challenges that will or could emerge in the coming years. This heritage is thus an important element for the CRPPH to consider as it looks forward to its next 50 years of accomplishments.
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La radioprotection aujourd'hui et la voie du développement durable
Français, 80 pages, published: 05/29/07
NEA#6166, ISBN: 978-92-64-99014-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6166-rp-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Radiation Protection in Today's World: Towards Sustainability
La science et la pratique de la radioprotection n'ont cessé d'évoluer depuis que l'on a commencé à prendre conscience des effets des rayonnements sur la santé au début du 20e siècle. Au vu des changements, notamment au cours des 10 à 15 dernières années, ainsi que de l'évolution récente des valeurs et jugements sociaux, le Comité de l’AEN de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) a jugé utile d’identifier d'éventuels futurs défis ainsi que des problèmes actuels qui appelleront de nouvelles approches pour parvenir à des décisions durables.

Ce rapport décrit de façon concise les principaux défis, selon le CRPPH, pour la politique, la réglementation et l'application de la radioprotection que l'on voit poindre aujourd'hui ou qui se dessinent à l'horizon. Sans proposer de solution à ces questions, il expose les principaux aspects et pressions, tenant en compte l'évolution de la science et de la société et l'accumulation d'expérience, afin que les pouvoirs publics puissent être mieux à même de prévoir ces défis et préparés à bien les affronter.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants (2005)
Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2005
English, 108 pages, published: 04/26/07
NEA#6317, ISBN: 978-92-64-99010-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6317-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. ISOE provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 480 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Fifteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2005 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law
A Baseline Survey
English, 64 pages, published: 02/26/07
NEA#6172, ISBN: 978-92-64-99000-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6172-law.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law - 法令にみる環境放射線防護
- Français: Le droit de la protection radiologique de l'environnement
This publication describes a study of international, European and national legislation which protect the environment from radiation. Countries covered include Australia, Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The analysis of the legislation draws conclusions about how well the environment is protected from radiation, and identifies strengths and weaknesses of current approaches as well as trends in regulation. The book will be useful reading for regulators and policy makers in radiological protection, but also for those interested in environmental regulation more generally.
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Le droit de la protection radiologique de l'environnement
Etat des lieux
Français, 64 pages, published: 02/26/07
NEA#6173, ISBN: 978-92-64-99001-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2007/6173-droit.pdf

Other language(s):
- Japanese: Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law - 法令にみる環境放射線防護
- English: Environmental Radiological Protection in the Law
Cette publication présente les résultats d’une étude de la législation internationale, européenne et nationale destinée à assurer la protection de l'environnement contre les rayonnements ionisants. Les législations nationales concernées comprennent celles de l’Australie, du Canada, des États-Unis, de la France, du Japon et du Royaume-Uni. L’étude a permis d'évaluer la qualité de la protection radiologique de l'environnement, d'identifier les points forts et les faiblesses des méthodes actuelles et de dégager les tendances de la réglementation. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux autorités de radioprotection et aux responsables des politiques dans ce domaine ainsi qu'à ceux qui s'intéressent d'une manière générale à la réglementation environnementale.

2019 | 2018 | 2016 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | 1994 | 1979 | 1977 | page top

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Société civile et radioprotection : les enseignements de Tchernobyl, 20 ans après
Français, 60 pages, published: 10/16/06
NEA#6171, ISBN: 92-64-02309-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/6171-chernobyl-rp-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Stakeholders and Radiological Protection: Lessons from Chernobyl 20 Years After
Vingt ans après la catastrophe qui s'est produite à la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl, la contamination radioactive continue d'avoir des répercussions importantes sur la vie des habitants de la région et, dans une moindre mesure, dans d'autres endroits tels que l'Europe occidentale et au-delà. Ce rapport ne cherche pas à analyser les effets cliniques ou environnementaux, mais la manière dont les populations surmontent les difficultés auxquelles elles sont encore confrontées aujourd'hui. Réalisé à la demande du Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN), il examine principalement le rôle de la radioprotection et comment les spécialistes de cette discipline aident les populations à gérer leur quotidien.


Bien que ce rapport ait pour sujet la radioactivité et l'énergie nucléaire, il peut se révéler extrêmement utile aux décideurs et experts confrontés aux conséquences de désastres majeurs, quelles qu'en soient les causes (phénomènes naturels, accidents ou actes de malveillance).


Même si nous espérons tous ne jamais avoir à faire face à nouveau à un événement qui a engendré une aussi vaste contamination que Tchernobyl, il est prudent de s'y préparer. C'est pourquoi, ce rapport décrit également les nombreux problèmes auxquels risquent d'être confrontés à terme les spécialistes en présence d'une contamination de ce type et suggère des solutions. Il permettra aux lecteurs de comprendre comment mieux se préparer à réagir à ce type d'événement, en particulier après la phase d'intervention d'urgence.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2004
English, 96 pages, published: 05/17/06
NEA#6164, ISBN: 92-64-02292-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/6164-isoe.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from 478 operating and shutdown commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Fourteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2004 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Stakeholders and Radiological Protection: Lessons from Chernobyl 20 Years After
English, 80 pages, published: 05/17/06
NEA#6170, ISBN: 92-64-01085-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/6170-chernobyl-rp.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Société civile et radioprotection : les enseignements de Tchernobyl, 20 ans après
Twenty years after the major accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the radioactive contamination continues to have an important impact on lives in the vicinity, and to a lesser extent in areas such as Western Europe and beyond. The purpose of this report is not to address clinical or environmental studies, but to look at how people are coping with the difficulties they still face. Commissioned by the Committee for Radiation Protection and Public Health of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), the report focuses on the role of radiological protection and how this discipline has been deployed to help people manage their lives.

Although the topic of this report concerns radioactivity and nuclear power, it can also be very useful to policy makers and experts dealing with the aftermath of wide-scale disasters, regardless of their causes (natural, accidental or malicious).

Whilst we all hope never to see another event causing contamination on the scale that followed Chernobyl, it is prudent to be prepared. Hence this report also describes many of the problems that could need to be faced in the longer term by technical specialists, should such a contamination event occur, and presents ways of dealing with them. This report will provide readers with insights into how to plan better for this type of event, in particular beyond the immediate response phase.
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Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire
Rapport du Groupe d'experts du CRPPH sur l'application réglementaire de l'autorisation (EGRA)
Français, 88 pages, published: 02/14/06
NEA#5373, ISBN: 92-64-01079-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/5373-autorisation-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- Bilingual: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス
- English: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation
Les pouvoirs publics et les autorités réglementaires sont chargés de définir les contrôles ou conditions réglementaires à imposer, le cas échéant, aux sources et situations d'exposition aux rayonnements pour protéger le public, les travailleurs et l'environnement. Si les politiiques et démarches suivies pour s'acquitter de cette tâche varient suivant les pays, en général les recommandations de la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) servent à définir au moins partiellement les fondements de la protection. Jusqu'à présent, la CIPR recommandait des méthodes variables de protection. Les nouvelles recommandations de la CIPR proposent une méthode unique, simple et cohérente pour définir le niveau de protection appropriée en toutes circonstances.

Tandis que la CIPR passait en revue les grands principes de la protection, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l'AEN faisait porter sa réflexion sur la façon dont on pouvait améliorer la mise en œuvre de la protection radiologique par les pouvoirs publics ou les autorités réglementaires. À cette fin, le CRPPH a mis au point un concept, « le processus d'autorisation réglementaire », que l'on trouvera décrit de façon détaillée dans ce rapport. Ce processus devrait aider les autorités réglementaires à appliquer les recommandations générales de la CIPR de façon plus transparente, cohérente et simple dans leur travail concret de réglementation et de mise en œuvre de la protection radiologique. Dans cette démarche, le CRPPH reconnaît l'importance d'un niveau approprié de concertation des parties prenantes.
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The Process of Regulatory Authorisation
A Report by the CRPPH Expert Group on the Regulatory Application of Authorisation (EGRA)
English, 84 pages, published: 02/14/06
NEA#5372, ISBN: 92-64-01078-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2006/5372-authorisation.pdf

Other language(s):
- Bilingual: The Process of Regulatory Authorisation (English-Japanese version) 規制認可のプロセス
- Français: Le processus d'autorisation réglementaire
Governments and regulatory authorities are responsible for the definition of regulatory controls or conditions, if any, that should be applied to radioactive sources or radiation exposure situations in order to protect the public, workers and the environment. Although countries use different policy and structural approaches fo fulfil this responsibility, the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) are generally used as at least part of the basis for protection. Previously, the ICRP recommended the use of variable approaches to protection. New ICRP recommendations are proposing a single, conceptually simple and self-coherent approach to defining appropriate protection under all circumstances.

While the ICRP has been reviewing the broad principles of protection, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been focusing its efforts on how radiological protection could be better implemented by governments and/or regulatory authorities. To this end, the CRPPH has developed a concept that it calls "the process of regulatory authorisation". It is described in detail in this report, and is intended to help regulatory authorities apply more transparently, coherently and simply the broad recommendations of the ICRP to the real-life business of radiological protection regulation and application. In developing this concept, the CRPPH recognises the importance of an appropriate level of stakeholder involvement in the process.

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Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants
Fourth ISOE European Symposium, Lyon, France 24-26 March 2004
English, 224 pages, published: 10/26/05
NEA#6069, ISBN: 92-64-01036-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/6069-fourth-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) has become a unique, worldwide programme on the protection of workers at nuclear power plants. It includes a vast network for exchanging experience in the area of occupational exposure management as well as the world's largest database on occupational exposure from nuclear power plants.

Each year, an ISOE international symposium offers a forum for radiation protection professionals from the nuclear industry, operating organisations and regulatory authorities to exchange information on practical experience with occupational radiation exposure issues in nuclear power plants. These proceedings summarise the presentations made at the Fourth ISOE European Symposium on Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants, held in March 2004 in Lyon, France.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Second Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 28-29 July 2004
English, 160 pages, published: 10/26/05
NEA#6000, ISBN: 92-64-01362-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/6000-evolution-sys-rp.pdf
One of the main challenges facing radiological protection experts is how to integrate radiological protection within modern concepts of and approaches to risk governance. It is within this context that the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) decided to develop new general recommendations to replace its Publication 60 recommendations of 1990. In the process of developing these new recommendations, the views of the ICRP have evolved significantly, largely due to stakeholder involvement that has been actively solicited by the ICRP. In this regard, it was upheld during the First Asian Regional Conference organised by the NEA in October 2002 that the implementation of the new system must allow for regional, societal and cultural differences.

In order to ensure appropriate consideration of these differences, the NEA organised the Second Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection. Held in Tokyo on 28-29 July 2004, the conference included presentations by the ICRP Chair as well as by radiological experts from Australia, China, Japan and Korea. Within their specific cultural and socio-political milieu, Asia-Pacific and western ways of thought on how to improve the current system of radiological protection were presented and discussed. These ways of thinking, along with a summary of the conference results, are described in these proceedings.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2003
Thirteenth Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2003
English, 104 pages, published: 07/22/05
NEA#5414, ISBN: 92-64-01065-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/5414-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The ISOE Programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 465 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the Programme (representing some 90% of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Thirteenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2003 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Optimisation in Operational Radiological Protection
A Report by the Working Group on Operational Radiological Protection of the Information System on Occupational Exposure
English, 124 pages, published: 03/23/05
NEA#5411, ISBN: 92-64-01050-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2005/5411-optimisation.pdf
Operational approaches to the optimisation of radiological protection continue to evolve at nuclear power plants. The continual improvement of protection has been greatly facilitated by the exchange of good practice and experience through the Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE).

With the forthcoming revision of the system of radiological protection, as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Proctection (ICRP), the ISOE programme considered that it would be important and useful to document good operational practice to ensure that it is reflected appropriately in the new ICRP recommendations. This report is a compilation of practical examples of good practice in optimisation. It is intended to assist nuclear power plants in providing the most appropriate protection for the public and workers, and to highlight for the ICRP concepts that should be reflected in its new recommendations.

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Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications
Summary Report of the 3rd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, October 2003
English, 36 pages, published: 07/30/04
NEA#5368, ISBN: 92-64-02079-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/5368-stakeholder-sum.pdf
This summary seeks to answer the questions that radiological protection professionals ask when confronted with the need to consider stakeholder participation processes. As will become clear, there is no one-size-fits-all blueprint for such processes: The sheer range and diversity of the situations where they may be appropriate dictates a much more flexible approach. However, the workshop demonstrated that it is possible to identify common themes and features. These should aid professionals in developing participation processes without detracting from the flexibility needed to remain responsive to the particular demands and expectations of any given situation.

The report is intended for policy makers and regulators with radiological protection responsibilities.
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Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications (Villigen 3)
Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
English, 64 pages, published: 07/29/04
NEA#5298, ISBN: 92-64-10825-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/5298-stakeholder-villigen-3.pdf
Since 1988, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency has been organising a series of workshops to address the various aspects of stakeholder involvement in radiological protection decision making. These workshops have been instrumental in forging consensus and improving understanding of key issues in this area.

Building on the experience of the first two "Villigen workshops", the third in the series extensively analysed three case studies, which covered the licensing of a new facility, the clean-up and release of an old facility, and the rehabilitation of a large, contaminated area. Consideration was given to the stakeholder involvement processes that had been used, and the implications that these did or could have on radiological protection policy, regulation and application. The workshop papers analysing these processes and implications are presented in these proceedings, which should provide valuable examples and lessons for governments, regulators and practitioners.
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Stakeholder Participation in Radiological Decision Making: Processes and Implications
Case Studies for the Third Villigen Workshop, Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003
English, 104 pages, published: 05/28/04
NEA#5410, ISBN: 92-64-02065-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/5410-stakeholder.pdf
Within the radiological protection community, stakeholder issues have moved steadily to the forefront of policy discussions, and clearly form a key element in decisions regarding the development and implementation of radiological protection policy. It was in this light that the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) undertook three case studies on stakeholder involvement processes and experiences. Experience and lessons were analysed and extracted that may have application to numerous situations in other national contexts. They are intended to aid decision makers and regulators who are involved in radiological protection, and may have particular value for post-accident contamination situations, the siting of new nuclear installations, the management of emissions from routine operations at nuclear facilities, and the decommissioning of existing nuclear installations.

The three case studies presented in this report were specifically developed as input to the Third Villigen Workshop (Villigen, Switzerland, 21-23 October 2003) and address the following situations:

- The Canadian review process for uranium production projects in Northern Saskatchewan;
- the Rocky Flats controversy on radionuclide action levels;
- the ETHOS project for post-accident rehabilitation in the area of Belarus contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster.
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Politique future en matière de protection radiologique
Dialogue avec les parties prenantes sur les répercussions des propositions de la CIPR - Exposé de synthèse, Lanzarote, Espagne, 2-4 avril 2003
Français, 48 pages, published: 03/26/04
NEA#5388, ISBN: 92-64-02166-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/5388-politique-future.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Future Policy for Radiological Protection
A la fin des années 1990, la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR) s'est engagée dans l'élaboration de nouvelles recommandations, destinées à servir de lignes directrices pour les systèmes nationaux de protection radiologique. Les diverses parties prenantes procèdent maintenant à un examen minutieux de ces projets de recommandations pour y formuler des commentaires et suggérer des modifications.

Le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l'AEN joue un rôle actif dans ce processus. Le Comité oeuvre en collaboration avec la CIPR, entre autres pour organiser des forums conjoints réunissant un large éventail de parties prenantes. Le premier, qui s'est tenu à Taormina (Italie) en 2002, a été principalement consacré à l'élaboration de principes généraux en matière de radioprotection de l'environnement.

Les participants au second forum, tenu à Lanzarote (Espagne) en avril 2003, ont examiné les principes et les stratégies étayant les projets de recommandations de la CIPR pour un système de radioprotection. A l'évidence, la CIPR a bien noté à cette occasion les points de vues des différents acteurs, notamment les autorités de sûreté, les ministères chargés de la protection de l'environnement, le secteur de l'électronucléaire et les ONG. En témoigne le fait qu'elle a modifié ses propositions pour mieux prendre en compte les besoins et les desiderata des parties concernées. Le présent rapport tire les conclusions des débats, analysant les propositions de la CIPR, ainsi que les infléchissements et les modifications qui leur ont été apportés à la suite de la contribution des parties prenantes.
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The Future Policy for Radiological Protection
A Stakeholder Dialogue on the Implications of the ICRP Proposals - Summary Report, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
English, 48 pages, published: 03/01/04
NEA#4421, ISBN: 92-64-02165-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/4421-future-policy.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Politique future en matière de protection radiologique
At the end of the 1990s, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) launched a process for establishing new recommendations, which are expected to serve as guidelines for national systems of radiological protection. Currently the ICRP's proposed recommendations are being subjected to extensive stakeholder comment and modifications.

The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been actively involved in this process. Part of the Committee's work has been to undertake collaborative efforts with the ICRP through, for example, the organisation of broad stakeholder fora. The first of these, held in Taormina, Italy in 2002, focused on the development of a policy basis for the radiological protection of the environment.

The second forum, held in Lanzarote, Spain in April 2003, addressed the latest concepts and approaches in the ICRP proposed recommendations for a system of radiological protection. During this meeting, the ICRP listened to the views of various stakeholder groups, including radiological protection regulators, environmental protection ministries, the nuclear power industry and NGOs. As a result, the ICRP modified its proposals to better reflect stakeholder needs and wishes. This report presents the outcomes of the disucssions, examining what the ICRP proposed and how its proposals have been affected and modified as a result of stakeholder input.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2002
Twelfth Annual Report on the ISOE programme, 2002
English, 108 pages, published: 02/27/04
NEA#4418, ISBN: 92-64-02164-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/4418-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The ISOE Programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 465 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the Programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Twelfth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2002 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection
Asian Regional Conference, Tokyo, Japan, 24-25 October 2002
English, 112 pages, published: 02/09/04
NEA#4414, ISBN: 92-64-02163-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2004/4414-evolution-sys-rp.pdf
The development of new radiological protection recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) continues to be a strategically important undertaking, both nationally and internationally. With the growing recognition of the importance of stakeholder aspects in radiological protection decision making, regional and cultural aspects have also emerged as having potentially significant influence on how protection of the public, workers and the environment are viewed. Differing cultural aspects should therefore be considered by the ICRP in its development of new recommendations.

Based on this assumption, the NEA organised the Asian Regional Conference on the Evolution of the System of Radiological Protection to express and explore views from the Far East. Held in Tokyo on 24-25 October 2002, the conference included presentations by the ICRP Chair as well as by radiological protection experts from Japan, the Republic of Korea, China and Australia. The distinct views and needs of these countries were discussed in the context of their regional and cultural heritages. These views, along with a summary of the conference results, are presented in these proceedings.

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The Future Policy for Radiological Protection
Workshop Proceedings, Lanzarote, Spain, 2-4 April 2003
English, 114 pages, published: 12/05/03
NEA#4291, ISBN: 92-64-10570-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4291-future-policy-rp.pdf
The international system of radiological protection is currently being revised with the aim of making it more coherent and concise. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has published its draft reflections on the system's evolution, and has opened discussions with the radiological protection community in order to seek a broad range of stakeholder input. This open dialogue will help bring about a common level of understanding of the issues at stake and contribute to the evolution of new ICRP recommendations.

These proceedings present a significant block of stakeholder input, comprising the views of policy makers, regulators, radiological protection professionals, industry and representatives of both non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations.
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Options de rejet des effluents des installations nucléaires
Contexte technique et aspects réglementaires
Français, 108 pages, published: 10/29/03
NEA#4528, ISBN: 92-64-02147-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4528-effluents.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Effluent Release Options from Nuclear Installations
En général, les rejets d'effluents radioactifs des installations nucléaires ont fortement diminué ces dernières années, pour atteindre aujourd'hui des niveaux bien inférieurs aux exigences réglementaires. En outre, on s'efforce de les optimiser et de les réduire encore à travers des conventions et déclarations internationales et intergouvernementales, mais aussi dans les politiques nationales. Malgré tout, comme les niveaux de radioactivité dans l'environnement restent une préoccupation de société, la gestion des rejets d'effluents des installations nucléaires figure toujours en bonne place dans les débats publics.

Le lecteur trouvera dans ce rapport un exposé technique sur les différentes solutions possibles pour la gestion et la réglementation des rejets d'effluents des installations nucléaires dans des conditions normales d'exploitation. Ce rapport se veut une contribution aux débats nationaux et internationaux sur ce thème et d'adresse tant aux autorités de sûreté qu'aux exploitants de centrales nucléaires.
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Effluent Release Options from Nuclear Installations
Technical Background and Regulatory Aspects
English, 104 pages, published: 10/29/03
NEA#3690, ISBN: 92-64-02146-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3690-effluent.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Options de rejet des effluents des installations nucléaires
Radioactive effluent releases from nuclear installations have generally been substantially reduced in recent years, well below regulatory requirements. At the same time, international and intergovernmental agreements and declarations, as well as national policies, continue to seek to optimise and further reduce such releases. Nevertheless, due to societal concerns about levels of radioactivity in the environment, the management of effluent releases from nuclear installations remains high on the agenda of public discussion.

This report provides basic technical information on different options for managing and regulating radioactive effluent releases from nuclear installations during normal operation. It should contribute to national and international discussions in this area and be of particular interest to both nuclear regulatory authorities and nuclear power plant operators.
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Short-term Countermeasures in Case of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
English, 112 pages, published: 09/15/03
NEA#3600, ISBN: 92-64-02140-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3600-short-term.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Contre-mesures à court-terme en cas d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique
Nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management are essential elements of any country's nuclear power programme. The timely and appropriate implementation of short-term countermeasures can, in case of a nuclear emergency with a release of radioactive material, considerably reduce the doses the public could receive in the vicinity of the nuclear installation.

This report summarises information on national emergency preparedness and planning in NEA member countries for the implementation of short-term countermeasures such as evacuation, sheltering and iodine prophylaxis. The information presented may be used to better understand and to compare existing national approaches, procedures, practices and decisions, which may vary among countries due to different national habits, cultural specificity and society needs. This report may also assist member countries interested in achieving international harmonisation of short-term countermeasures;
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Contre-mesures à court-terme en cas d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique
Français, 116 pages, published: 09/15/03
NEA#3608, ISBN: 92-64-02141-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3608-court-terme.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Short-term Countermeasures in Case of a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency
Les plans d'urgence, les exercices et la gestion de crise sont des composantes vitales de tout programme électronucléaire. En situation d'urgence nucléaire, avec libération de substances radioactives, l'adoption en temps utile de contre-mesures à court terme appropriées peut, en effet, réduire dans de fortes proportions les doses susceptibles d'être reçues par le public au voisinage de l'installation nucléaire.

Ce rapport présente une synthèse sur les plans et l'organisation adoptés dans les pays membres de l'AEN pour la mise en place de contre-mesures à court terme telles que l'évacuation, le confinement et l'administration prophylactique d'iode. Les informations qu'il contient faciliteront la compréhension et la comparaison des démarches, procédures, pratiques et décisions nationales, qui varient avec les habitudes, spécificités culturelles et besoins sociaux de chaque pays. Pour les pays membres intéressés, ce rapport peut être un outil d'harmonisation internationale des contre-mesures à court terme.
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Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants
Third ISOE European Workshop, Portoroz, Slovenia, 17-19 April 2002
English, 356 pages, published: 07/16/03
NEA#4422, ISBN: 92-64-02135-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4422-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE), a joint initiative of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), has become a unique worldwide programme on the protection of workers in nuclear power plants, including a network for the exchange of experience in the area of occupational exposure management, and the world's largest database on occupational exposure from nuclear power plants.

Each year, an international workshop or symposium offers a forum for radiation protection professionals from the nuclear industry, operating organisations and regulatory authorities to exchange information on practical experience with occupational radiation exposure issues in nuclear power plants.

These proceedings include the presentations made at the Third ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at Nuclear Power Plants, held in April 2002 in Portoroz, Slovenia.
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Possible Implications of Draft ICRP Recommendations
English, 56 pages, published: 06/10/03
NEA#4415, ISBN: 92-64-02131-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4415-icrp.pdf
The Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has, since its inception, worked to develop and improve international norms in the area of radiological protection of the public, workers and the environment. International radiological protection norms continue to evolve, with significant new steps having been taken by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Since the issuance of its 1990 recommendations, which form the basis of the international system of radiological protection, the ICRP has continued to add to them. The sum of these recommendations has become overly complicated and at times incoherent. In 1999 the ICRP therefore began to re-evaluate its recommendations with the aim of consolidation, simplification and clarification. New ICRP recommendations are due to be published in 2005.

The CRPPH is contributing to the development of these new recommendations by providing the views of regulators and practitioners from its member countries. This report summarises the views of the CRPPH regarding the conceptual framework that the ICRP has recently proposed as the basis for its forthcoming detailed recommendations. The CRPPH highly appreciates the open stakeholder process that the ICRP has initiated to gather input for the development of new recommendations. This document, which is supported by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health, and by the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee, provides detailed suggestions with regard to the proposed ICRP framework. The stakeholder views expressed in this report have been presented to the ICRP at the second NEA/ICRP Forum in April 2003, and have persuaded the ICRP to reintroduce several key concepts into its proposed new system.
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A New Approach to Authorisation in the Field of Radiological Protection
The Road Test Report
English, 76 pages, published: 05/26/03
NEA#4416, ISBN: 92-64-02122-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/4416-authorisation.pdf
Approaches to radiological protection have been evolving, particularly over the past several years. This has been driven by the emergence of modern concepts of and approaches to risk governance, and by calls from within the radiological protection community for the simplification and clarification of the existing system of protection, as based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).

The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been very active in developing its own suggestions as to how the system of radiological protection should evolve to better meet the needs of policy makers, regulators and practitioners. One of those suggestions is that a generic concept of "regulatory authorisation" of certain levels and types of exposure to radiation should replace the current and somewhat complicated concepts of exclusion, exemption and clearance. It has also been suggested that by characterising emerging sources and exposures in a screening process leading into the authorisation process, regulatory authorities could develop a better feeling for the type and scale of stakeholder involvement that would be necessary to reach a widely accepted approach to radiological protection.

In order to verify that these suggestions would make the system of radiological protection more understandable, easy to apply, and acceptable, independent consultants have "road tested" the CRPPH concepts of authorisation and characterisation. Their findings, which show that applying these concepts would represent significant improvement, are reproduced herein. Specific approaches for the application of the new CRPPH ideas are also illustrated in this report.
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Radiological Protection of the Environment
Summary Report of the Issues
English, 36 pages, published: 01/30/03
NEA#3691, ISBN: 92-64-18497-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3691-environment.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Protection radiologique de l'environnement
The system of radiological protection is currently being revised in order to make it simpler, clearer and more responsive to stakeholder needs. During this evolution process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment. It was in this context that the NEA organised, in close collaboration with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, a forum on radiological protection of the environment.

This report summarises the key issues discussed at the forum. They include sustainable development, indentification of what to protect, the definition of detriment, the necessary level of regulation, an integrated approach to protection, the use of similar approaches for humans and the environment, practical foundations for a system of environmental protection, and consequences in terms of training.
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Protection radiologique de l'environnement
Rapport de synthèse des questions-clés
Français, 36 pages, published: 01/30/03
NEA#3692, ISBN: 92-64-28497-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3692-environnement.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Radiological Protection of the Environment
Le système de protection radiologique est actuellement en cours de révision afin de le rendre plus simple, plus clair et mieux en adéquation avec les besoins des parties prenantes. Au cours de ce processus évolutif, une attention particulière est accordée au développement d'un système explicite pour la protection radiologique de l'environnement. C'est dans ce contexte que l'AEN a organisé, en étroite collaboration avec la Commission internationale de protection radiologique, un forum sur la protection radiologique de l'environnement.

Ce rapport présente les questions-clés abordées lors du forum. Elles portent sur le développement durable, l'identification de ce qu'il faut protéger, la définition de détriment, le niveau nécessaire de réglementation, une approche intégrée de la protection, l'utilisation d'approches similaires pour l'homme et l'environnement, les bases pratiques pour un système de protection environnemental et les conséquences en termes de formation.

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Radiological Protection of the Environment: The Path Forward to a New Policy?
Workshop Proceedings, Taormina, Sicily, Italy, 12-14 February 2002
English, 248 pages, published: 01/07/03
NEA#3629, ISBN: 92-64-09969-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3629-rp-path-forward-new-policy.pdf
The international system of radiological protection is currently being revised with the aim of making it more coherent and concise. During the revision process, particular attention is being given to the development of an explicit system for the radiological protection of the environment in addition to that of human beings.

In order to support the ongoing discussions of the international community of radiological protection experts, these proceedings try to answer the questions: Is there an international rationale behind the wish to protect the environment from radiation? Do we have enough scientific information to develop and define a broadly accepted policy? What are the characteristics of the process for developing a system or radiological protection of the environment?

These proceedings comprise the views of a broad range of invited speakers, including policy makers, regulators, radiological protection and environmental protection professionals, industry, social scientists and representatives of both non-governmental and intergovernmental organisations.
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Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts
2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On
English, 160 pages, published: 12/31/02
NEA#3508, ISBN: 92-64-18487-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3508-chernobyl.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Tchernobyl : Evaluation des incidences radiologiques et sanitaires
The international radiological protection community performed a major status review of the situation around the damaged Chernobyl reactor on the 10-year anniversary of the accident. Since then, studies of the accident site and the contaminated territories continue to be undertaken, which have yielded new scientific results and highlighted important social and health aspects. This report is a complete update of the NEA's earlier publication, Chernobyl: Ten Years On. In particular, it offers the reader the most recent informatin on the significant new experience gained in the areas of emergency management, long-term environmental behaviour of radioactive materials and health effects.
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Tchernobyl : Evaluation des incidences radiologiques et sanitaires
Mise à jour 2002 de Tchernobyl : Dix ans déjà
Français, 176 pages, published: 12/31/02
NEA#3509, ISBN: 92-64-28487-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2003/3509-tchernobyl.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts
Les milieux de la radioprotection à l'échelle internationale ont dressé un important bilan de la situation aux alentours du réacteur endommagé de Tchernobyl à l'occasion du dixième anniversaire de l'accident. Depuis lors, les études qui continuent à être consacrées au site de l'accident et aux territoires contaminés ont mis en évidence de nouveaux aspects scientifiques, sociaux et sanitaires. Le présent rapport constitue une mise à jour complète de la précédente publication de l'AEN intitulée Tchernobyl : Dix ans déjà. Il présente au lecteur les informations les plus récentes sur les nouvelles connaissances significatives acquises dans les domaines de la gestion des situations d'urgence, du comportement à long terme des matières radioactives dans l'environnement et des incidences sur la santé.
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Vers un nouveau système de protection radiologique
Rapport d'un Groupe d'experts
Français, 40 pages, published: 12/20/02
NEA#3686, ISBN: 92-64-28489-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3686-way-forward-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: The Way Forward in Radiological Protection
Pratiquement toutes les réglementations et tous les standards de protection radiologique nationaux et internationaux sont fondés sur les recommandations publiées par la Commission internationale de protection radiologique (CIPR). De nouvelles recommandations, qui remplaceraient celles éditées en 1990, sont actuellement développées avec une date de parution prévue en 2005, et il est de l'intérêt de tous les pays membres de l'AEN de faire en sorte que ces recommandations prennent en compte les besoins des autorités réglementaires nationales et des praticiens. Depuis le début des travaux de révision, lancés en 1999 par la CIPR, le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l'AEN organise des débats destinés à mettre en lumière les améliorations et changements qui pourraient être apportés aux anciennes recommandations afin que les nouvelles soient plus fonctionnelles. Ce rapport, qui s'appuie sur une étude préliminaire de deux ans, propose des améliorations spécifiques qui faciliteraient la compréhension et l'application du système et qui devraient être considérées lors de la rédaction des nouvelles recommandations de la CIPR.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants - 2001
Eleventh Annual Report on the ISOE Programme, 2001
English, 104 pages, published: 10/17/02
NEA#3687, ISBN: 92-64-18492-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3687-isoe-ar11.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 452 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Eleventh Annual Report of the ISOE programme summarises achievements made during 2001 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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The Way Forward in Radiological Protection
An Expert Group Report
English, 48 pages, published: 09/12/02
NEA#3685, ISBN: 92-64-18489-9
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3685-way-forward.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Vers un nouveau système de protection radiologique
Virtually all national and international radiation protection regulations and standards are based on the recommendations published by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). New recommendations, to replace those issued in 1990, are in the process of being developed for issuance in 2005, and it is in the interest of all NEA Member countries to ensure that these recommendations meet the needs of national regulatory organisations and practitioners. Since revisions began at the ICRP in 1999, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) has been leading discussions regarding what, in the old recommendations, could be improved or changed to make any new recommendations more functional. Based on a preliminary two-year study to identify those areas that should be improved, this report suggests specific improvements that would render the new system easier to understand and apply, and that should be considered for inclusion in the new ICRP recommendations.
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ISOE - Information System on Occupational Exposure
Ten Years of Experience
English, 40 pages, published: 03/01/02
NEA#3688, ISBN: 92-64-18480-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3688-isoe.pdf
The Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) was created in 1992 to provide a forum for radiation protection experts from both utilities and national regulatory authorities to discuss, promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The ISOE System is jointly managed by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

This report provides an overview of the experience gained from, and benefits provided by, the ISOE System over the past ten years. Active participation of a large number of utilities in ISOE has contributed to a reduction in occupational exposure at nuclear power plants worldwide.
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Better Integration of Radiation Protection in Modern Society
Workshop Proceedings, Villigen, Switzerland, 23-25 January 2001
English, 280 pages, published: 02/01/02
NEA#3057, ISBN: 92-64-19694-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2002/3057-better-integration.pdf
The societal aspects of risk governance are increasingly becoming a part of public decision-making processes. This tendency is particularly evident in matters dealing with the protection of human health and the environment. The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health organised a workshop to examine stakeholder involvement processes through which governments and regulators can arrive at accepted decisions regarding radiological protection. An example of an area in which stakeholder involvement is important is the clean-up of sites contaminated by accidents or by past industrial or research activities.

These proceedings address the roles of various stakeholders in the decision-making process, and their expectations regarding how a modern system of radiological protection should be integrated within the broader context of risk governance. Case studies are presented to illustrate good practice and as a basis for drawing conclusions regarding general lessons that can be applicable in many different national contexts. These proceedings will be of interest to policy makers, radiation protection experts and interested members of the public.

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Policy Issues in Radiological Protection Decision Making
Summary Report of the 2nd Villigen (Switzerland) Workshop, January 2001
English, 28 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3308, ISBN: 92-64-18474-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3308-policy.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: La prise de décision en radioprotection : domaines d'action des pouvoirs publics
The society aspects of risk governance are increasingly becoming a part of public decision-making processes. This tendency is particularly evident in matters dealing with the protection of human health and the environment. The NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH) organised a workshop to probe stakeholder involvement processes and their limitations in the field of radiation protection. An example of an area in which stakeholder involvement is particularly important is the clean-up of sites contaminated by accidents or by past industrial or research activities.

Based on discussions during the workshop and previous CRPPH work in this area, this summary addresses the policy development and implementation issues that are key to identifying broadly accepted solutions for radiological protection situations in which stakeholders are an important part of the decision-making process. Applicable in a wide variety of national contexts, enhanced understanding of these policy issues will assist governments and regulatory authorities in better integrating stakeholder concerns in decision making.
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La prise de décision en radioprotection : domaines d'action des pouvoirs publics
Résumé du 2ème atelier de Villigen (Suisse), janvier 2001
Français, 32 pages, published: 11/20/01
NEA#3309, ISBN: 92-64-28474-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3309-policy.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Policy Issues in Radiological Protection Decision Making
Le risque et sa gestion considérés du point de vue de la société deviennent de plus en plus un élément des processus de décision publique. Cette tendance s'observe tout particulièrement dans les domaines ayant trait à la protection de la santé humaine et de l'environnement. Le Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l'AEN a organisé un atelier afin d'examiner les processus de participation des parties prenantes ainsi que ses limites en matière de radioprotection. Un des domaines dans lesquels la participation des parties prenantes est particulièrement importante concerne l'assainissement des sites contaminés par des accidents ou par des activités industrielles ou de recherche passées.

Sur la base des discussions tenues lors de cet atelier et des travaux antérieurs du CRPPH dans ce domaine, ce rapport de synthèse traite des questions d'élaboration et de mise en oeuvre de l'action gouvernementale qui sont déterminantes pour dégager des solutions largement admises dans des situations de radioprotection où les parties prenantes constituent un élément important du processus de décision. S'appliquant à une grande variété de contextes nationaux, une meilleure compréhension de ces aspects de la politique aidera les gouvernements et les organismes de réglementation à mieux intégrer les préoccupations des parties prenantes dans la prise de décision.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Tenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2000
English, 104 pages, published: 10/26/01
NEA#3137, ISBN: 92-64-18473-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3137-isoe.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 452 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Tenth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 2000 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2
Final Report of the Canadian Regional Exercise
Bilingual, 80 pages, published: 09/05/01
NEA#3040, ISBN: 92-64-09532-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3040-inex2-canadian-rpt-bilingual.pdf
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) initiated its programme of International Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX) by a table-top exercise (INEX 1) which allowed the 16 participating countries to examine how their response mechanisms addressed the international aspects of a large-scale nuclear emergency.

Based on the experience thus gained, a series of more realistic exercises, INEX 2, was organised by the NEA. These exercises used as a basis a national-level emergency exercise at an existing power plant, and aimed to achieve three international objectives: the real-time exchange of information, public information and decision making based on limited information and uncertain plant conditions.

This report summarises the experience gained and lessons learned during the fourth and final INEX 2 regional exercise which took place in Canada.


L'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a débuté son programme d'exercices internationaux de préparation d'urgence (INEX) par une simulation théorique : INEX 1, qui a permis à 16 pays participants d'évaluer l'efficacité des mécanismes mis en place pour traiter des aspects internationaux d'une urgence nucléaire à grande échelle.

À partir des enseignements recueillis, une série d'exercices plus réalistes - INEX 2 - a été organisée par l'AEN. Ces exercices, qui ont pris comme point de départ une situation d'urgence de dimension nationale dans une centrale nucléaire existante, visaient trois objectifs internationaux : l'échange d'informations en temps réel, l'information du public et la prise de décision d'après des informations limitées et une connaissance incertaine des conditions de la centrale.

Ce rapport résume les résultats obtenus et les enseignements tirés du quatrième et dernier exercice régional d'INEX 2 qui a eu lieu au Canada.
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Enseignements des exercices internationaux d'urgence nucleaire
Exercices de la serie INEX 2
Francais, 42 pages, published: 04/27/01
NEA#3139, ISBN: 92-64-28464-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3139-inex2-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Experience from International Nuclear Emergency Exercises
De l'état de préparation d'un pays depend l'issue d'une urgence nucléaire. Pour mieux préparer ses pays Membres à la gestion de crise, l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a organisé une série d'exercices internationaux de crise nucléaire du nom d'INEX 2.

On trouvera dans ce rapport une synthèse des enseignements des quatre exercices INEX 2, organisés en Suisse (en 1996), en Finlande (en 1997), en Hongrie (1998) et au Canada (1999) qui concernent principalement :

- les décisions fondées sur des informations limitées et sur une connaissance incertaine de l'état de la centrale ;
- les échanges d'informations en temps réel ;
- les communications avec le public et les médias ;
- la préparation et la conduite des exercices de crise à l'echelle internationale.

Ce rapport s'adresse aux decideurs et aux responsables techniques de la gestion de crise.
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Experience from International Nuclear Emergency Exercises
The INEX 2 Series
English, 42 pages, published: 04/27/01
NEA#3138, ISBN: 92-64-18464-3
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3138-inex2.pdf

Other language(s):
- Francais: Enseignements des exercices internationaux d'urgence nucleaire
In case of a nuclear emergency, countries need to be well prepared to manage a crisis situation. In order to help countries improve their emergency planning, preparedness and management, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) organised a series of international nuclear emergency exercises called INEX 2.

This report summarises the lessons learned from all four exercises in the series, which took place in Switzerland (1996), Finland (1997), Hungary (1998) and Canada (1999), in the areas of:

- decision making based on limited information and on uncertain plant conditions;
- real-time exchange of information;
- public and media communications; and
- preparation and conduct of emergency exercises on an international level.

The report will be of interest to both policy makers and technical managers in the nuclear emergency field.
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Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2
Final Report of the Hungarian Regional Exercise
Bilingual, 82 pages, published: 03/15/01
NEA#3039, ISBN: 92-64-08640-4
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2001/3039-inex2-hungarian-rpt-bilingual.pdf
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) initiated its programme of International Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX) by a table-top exercise (INEX 1) which allowed the 16 participating countries to examine how their response mechanisms addressed the international aspects of a large-scale nuclear emergency.

Based on the experience thus gained, a series of more realistic exercises, INEX 2, was organised by the NEA. These exercises used as a basis a national-level emergency exercise at an existing power plant, and aimed to achieve three international objectives: the real-time exchange of information, public information and decision making based on limited information and uncertain plant conditions.

This report summarises the experience gained and lessons learned during the third INEX 2 regional exercise which took place in Hungary.




L'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a débuté son programme d'exercices internationaux de préparation d'urgence (INEX) par une simulation théorique : INEX 1, qui a permis à 16 pays participants d'évaluer l'efficacité des mécanismes mis en place pour traiter des aspects internationaux d'une urgence nucléaire à grande échelle.

À partir des enseignements recueillis, une série d'exercices plus réalistes - INEX 2 - a été organisée par l'AEN. Ces exercices, qui ont pris comme point de départ une situation d'urgence de dimension nationale dans une centrale nucléaire existante, visaient trois objectifs internationaux : l'échange d'informations en temps réel, l'information du public et la prise de décision d'après des informations limitées et une connaissance incertaine des conditions de la centrale.

Ce rapport résume les résultats obtenus et les enseignements tirés du troisième exercice régional d'INEX 2 qui a eu lieu en Hongrie.

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Stratégies de surveillance et de gestion de données dans les urgences nucléaires
Français, 96 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2109, ISBN: 92-64-27168-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2109-monitoring-management-strategies-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: Monitoring and Data Management Strategies for Nuclear Emergencies
Depuis l'accident de Tchernobyl en 1986, de nombreux pays ont intensifié leurs efforts dans le domaine de la préparation de plans d'urgence, de la logistique de crise et de gestion d'une urgence nucléaire. L'expérience acquise au terme des exercices INEX 1 et INEX 2, organisés par l'AEN, a révélé le besoin d'améliorer le système international d'information et de communication afin de mieux faire face à une éventuelle urgence nucléaire. Pour répondre à ce besoin, trois groupes de travail créés par l'AEN ont mené des recherches dont les résultats sont synthétisés dans cet ouvrage.

Ce rapport définit les besoins actuels dans les domaines de la modélisation et de la surveillance, et propose des stratégies qui aideront les décideurs, dans la mesure où elles permettront une meilleure sélection des données transmises ainsi qu'une meilleure transmission et réception des informations. Des moyens modernes de communication, tel que l'internet, jouent un rôle essentiel dans les stratégies décrites.
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A Critical Review of the System of Radiation Protection
First Reflections of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency's Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health (CRPPH)
English, 30 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2628, ISBN: 92-64-18554-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2628-critical.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Analyse critique du système de protection radiologique
Our modern, information society is increasingly interested in transparency and participation in many aspects of government, and this is particularly true in areas involving public health and environmental protection. Radiaion protection is no exception to this trend.

Scientific rationale that was once sufficient to explain radiation protection theory and practice is no longer adequate. The need to address and communicate theory, practice and the decision-making process to a wider audience has given rise to numerous debates and led the radiation protection community to revisit the framework of the system of radiation protection. The very fundamentals of the system of radiation protection continue to be questioned in a healthy fashion, and many aspects have been identified which could better serve stakeholders given some additional thoughts in the light of modern societal needs.

This report is the summary of the NEA's first reflections in this area, and describes those aspects of the current international system of radiation protection that could be improved. Suggested directions for improvements are provided.

It is hoped that this materail will help guide the international community towards consensus and provide valuable input to the development of new recommendations by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.
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Les incidences radiologiques des options de gestion du combustible usé
Une étude comparative
Français, 128 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2329, ISBN: 92-64-27657-2
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2329-incidences-options-gestion.pdf
Comme les matières radioactives rejetées tout au long des principales étapes de la production d'énergie nucléaire peuvent avoir un effet sur la santé publique et l'environnement, il convient d'en tenir compte au moment de choisir parmi les différents cycles du combustible. Consciente de la situation, l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a réalisé une étude visant à comparer les incidences radiologiques des deux principaux cycles du combustible qui se distinguent l'un de l'autre par le retraitement ou non du combustible nucléaire usé. Après avoir comparé les effets respectifs des deux options tant à partir de modèles et d'hypothèses génériques que de données réelles, l'étude conclut que la différence entre les deux n'est pas significative.

Le rapport comporte en annexe une grande quantité de données récentes compilées et évaluées par une équipe internationale d'experts.
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Analyse critique du système de protection radiologique
Réflexions préliminaires du Comité de protection radiologique et de santé publique (CRPPH) de l'Agence de l'OCDE pour l'énergie nucléaire
Français, 30 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2629, ISBN: 92-64-28554-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2629-critical-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: A Critical Review of the System of Radiation Protection
Notre société d'information moderne porte un intérêt croissant à l'ouverture de diverses activités gouvernementales à la transparence et à la participation du public, notamment dans les domaines de la santé publique et de la protection de l'environnement. La radioprotection ne fait pas exception à cette tendance.

Le raisonnement scientifique utilisé jusqu'ici pour expliquer la théorie et la pratique de la radioprotection n'est plus suffisant. Le besoin d'analyser et de communiquer à une audience plus large la théorie, la pratique et le processus de décision a engendré de nombreux débats et amené la communauté internationale de la radioprotection à revoir les fondements du système de radioprotection. Une remise en question saine des principes essentiels du système de radioprotection se poursuit et de nombreux aspects ont été identifiés qui pourraient mieux répondre aux attentes des parties prenantes s'ils étaient revus à la lumière des besoins de la société moderne.

Ce rapport est la synthèse des premières réflexions de l'AEN dans ce domaine. Il décrit les aspects de l'actuel système international de radioprotection qui pourraient être améliorés et propose des solutions.

On espère que ce travail contribuera à guider la communauté internationale vers un consensus et vers le développement de nouvelles recommandations par la Commission internationale de protection radiologique.
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Radiological Impacts of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Options
A Comparative Study
English, 124 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2328, ISBN: 92-64-17657-8
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2328-radiological-impacts.pdf
Given its potential significance for public health and the environment, the impact of radioactive releases during important steps of nuclear energy production must be considered when selecting among different fuel cycles. With this in mind, the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) has undertaken a comparative study of the radiological impacts of two main fuel cycle options: one with and one without reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. The study compares the respective impacts of the two options based on generic models and assumptions as well as actual data. It concludes that the difference between them is not significant.

A wealth of recent data assembled and evaluated by an international expert geam is provided in annex.
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Méthodes d'évaluation des conséquences économiques des accidents nucléaires
Français, 122 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2229, ISBN: 92-64-27658-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2229-methodologies-assessing-fr.pdf
Pour des raisons pratiques, on mesure souvent les conséquences d'un accident de réacteur nucléaire en termes économiques. Pourtant, les chiffres actuellement disponibles frappent par leur disparité. C'est pourquoi l'AEN a créé un Groupe d'experts chargé d'étudier les méthodologies utilisées pour calculer ces conséquences ainsi que leurs fondements.

Ces méthodes de calcul ont été évaluées en fonction de trois perspectives : réparation des dommages et responsabilité ; logistique, exercices et gestion de crise ; et choix des options énergétiques pour la production d'électricité. En conclusion, que l'on adopte ou non la même perspective, les résultats numériques sont très difficilement comparables, car fortement dépendants des limites de l'évaluation (scénario d'accident utilisé, caractéristiques du site et importance des rejets de radioactivité). Cet ouvrage fait la synthèse des résultats du Groupe d'experts et s'adresse aux décideurs, aux experts ainsi qu'aux spécialistes de la modélisation des conséquences d'accidents.
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Monitoring and Data Management Strategies for Nuclear Emergencies
English, 96 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2108, ISBN: 92-64-17168-1
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2108-monitoring-management-strategies.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: Stratégies de surveillance et de gestion de données dans les urgences nucléaires
Since the accident of Chernobyl in 1986, many countries have intensified their efforts in nuclear emergency planning, preparedness and management. Experience from the NEA nuclear emergency exercises (INEX 1 and INEX 2) indicated a need to improve the international system of communication and information in case of a radiological emergency. To address this need, research was carried out by three NEA working groups, the findings of which are synthesised in the present report.

This report defines emergency monitoring and modelling needs, and proposes strategies which will assist decision makers by improving the selection of data that is transmitted, and the way in which data and information are transmitted and received. Modern communications methods, such as the Internet, are a key part of the strategies described.
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Second International Nuclear Emergency Exercise INEX 2
Final Report of the Finnish Regional Exercise
Bilingual, 98 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2768, ISBN: 92-64-08580-7
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2768-inex2-finnish-rpt-bilingual.pdf
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) initiated its programme of international Nuclear Emergency Exercises (INEX) by a table-top exercise (INEX 1) which allowed the 16 participating countries to examine how their response mechanisms addressed the international aspects of a large-scale nuclear emergency.

Based on the experience thus gained, a series of more realistic exercises, INEX 2, has been organised by the NEA. These exercises used as a basis a national-level emergency exercise at an existing power plant, and aimed to achieve three international objectives: the real-time exchange of information, public information and decision making based on limited information and uncertain plant conditions.

This report summarises the experience gained and lessons learned during the second INEX 2 regional exercise which took place in Finland.




L'Agence pour l'énergie nucléaire (AEN) a débuté son programme d'exercices internationaux de préparation d'urgence (INEX) par une simulation théorique : INEX 1, qui a permis à 16 pays participants d'évaluer l'efficacité des mécanismes mis en place pour traiter des aspects internationaux d'une urgence nucléaire à grande échelle.

À partir des enseignements recueillis, une série d'exercices plus réalistes - INEX 2 - a été organisée par l'AEN. Ces exercices, qui ont pris comme point de départ une situation d'urgence de dimension nationale dans une centrale nucléaire existante, visaient trois objectifs internationaux : l'échange d'informations en temps réel, l'information du public et la prise de décision d'après des informations limitées et une connaissance incertaine des conditions de la centrale.

Ce rapport résume les résultats obtenus et les enseignements tirés du deuxième exercice régional d'INEX 2 qui a eu lieu en Finlande.
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Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Ninth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1999
English, 88 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2728, ISBN: 92-64-18270-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/2000/nea2728.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in occupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposure data from the 429 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing some 90 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Ninth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 1999 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.
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Methodologies for Assessing the Economic Consequences of Nuclear Reactor Accidents
English, 112 pages, published: 01/01/00
NEA#2228, ISBN: 92-64-17658-6
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/2000/2228-methodologies-assessing.pdf
For practical reasons, the consequences of nuclear reactor accidents are often measured in economic terms. Figures currently available, however, show significant discrepancies. For this reason, the NEA created an expert group to investigate the methodologies used in calculating the economic consequences of accidents, and the bases for such methodologies.

Calculation methods were assessed according to three end uses: for compensation and liability purposes; for preparedness and management purposes; and for making electricity-generation choices. The group concluded that comparing numerical results is very difficult, even for estimates made from the same perspective, as they are strongly dependent on "boundary" conditions (such as the accident scenarios used, plant characteristics and amount of radioactive materials released). This book provides a summary of the group's findings and will be of interest to decision makers, experts and accident-consequence modellers.

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A Proposed Standardised List of Items for Costing Purposes
Interim Technical Document
English, 104 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1708
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1999/costlist.pdf
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ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Eighth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 1998
English, 76 pages, published: 01/01/99
NEA#1847
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1999/isoe-8ar.pdf
The ISOE Programme was created by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency in 1992 to promote and co-ordinate international co-operative undertakings in the area of worker protection at nuclear power plants. The programme provides experts in cocupational radiation protection with a forum for communication and exchange of experience. The ISOE databases enable the analysis of occupational exposiure data from the 422 commercial nuclear power plants participating in the programme (representing 88 per cent of the world's total operating commercial reactors).

The Eighth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme summarises achievements made during 1998 and compares annual occupational exposure data. Principal developments in ISOE participating countries are also described.

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ISOE - Occupational Exposures at Nuclear Power Plants
Sixth Annual Report - 1986-1996
English, 112 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1167
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1996/isoe-6ar.pdf
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Evolution de radiobiologie et de radiopathologie : répercussions sur la radioprotection
Français, 37 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#1207
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1998/evrad.html

Other language(s):
- English: Developments in Radiation Health Sciences and Their Impact on Radiation Protection
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Developments in Radiation Health Sciences and Their Impact on Radiation Protection
English, 35 pages, published: 01/01/98
NEA#282
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1998/devrad.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Evolution de radiobiologie et de radiopathologie : répercussions sur la radioprotection

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CRPPH Sponsored Survey of University Level Education Programmes in Radiation Protection
English, 175 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#343
General Distribution Document Number:
OCDE/GD(97)80
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1996/crpph-survey.pdf
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Work Management in the Nuclear Power Industry
A Manual prepared for the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health by the ISOE Expert Group on the Impact of Work Management on Occupational Exposure
English, 173 pages, published: 01/01/97
NEA#99, ISBN: 92-64-15459-0
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1997/99-work-management-nuclear-industry.pdf

Other language(s):
- Chinese: 核电站工作管理——NEA辐射防护和公众健康委员会手册《工作管理对职业照射之影响》专家工作组编
As we near the beginning of the 21st century, the industrialised world continues to change. Economic pressures in all facets of modern industry have made productivity and cost competitiveness increasingly essential to the very survival of companies. Many of them have therefore adopted a very global approach to their work, stressing the importance of considering jobs from a multidisciplinary team perspective, and of following them through all stages of conception, design, planning, preparation, implementation and follow-up. This focus assures successful job completion - on schedule, within budget, with a sufficient level of quality, with minimum cost, and with a maximum change of fulfilling the originally desired goal. This multidisciplinary, start-to-finish approach to jobs can be broadly termed Work Management.

This publication presents the concept of Work Management in very concrete terms: it presents details of how to implement Work Management in such areas as regulation, work management policy, worker involvement, work selection, planning and scheduling, work preparation, work implementation, and work assessment and feedback. Numerous case studies are presented of actual experience from the commercial nuclear power industry. This is a useful tool to help plant managers, maintenance engineers, outage planners, and radiation protection personnel to improve their implementation of work management, which can lead to reduced numbers of workers needed to perform a job, of person-hours spent in the radiologically controlled zone, and thus the overall cost of doing work. Moreover, this also leads to reduced occupational exposures in an ALARA fashion.

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Chernobyl - Ten Years On: Radiological and Health Impact
An appraisal by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health - November 1995
English, 112 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#94
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/chernobyl/chernobyl-1995.pdf
To mark the tenth anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health published a concise report reviewing the current knowledge of the serious impacts of the accident, taking stock of the information accumulated over the last decade and the scientific studies under way, and assessing to which degree national authorities and experts have implemented the numerous lessons learned from the accident.
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Recycling and Reuse of Scrap Metals
A Report by a Task Group of the NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#149
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/recycling.pdf
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NEA Co-operative Programme on Decommissioning (The): The First Ten Years 1985-95
English, published: 01/01/96
NEA#96
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/reports/1996/decommissioning.pdf
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Considerations on the Concept of Dose Constraint
A Report by a Joint Group of Experts from the OECD/NEA and the EC.
English, 21 pages, published: 01/01/96
NEA#97
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1996/dose.pdf

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INEX 1 - Exercice international d'urgence en cas d'accident nucléaire
Français, published: 01/01/95
NEA#102, ISBN: 92-64-24560-X
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1995/inex-1-fr.pdf

Other language(s):
- English: INEX 1 - An International Nuclear Emergency Exercise
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INEX 1 - An International Nuclear Emergency Exercise
English, published: 01/01/95
NEA#101, ISBN: 92-64-14560-5
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/pubs/1995/inex-1.pdf

Other language(s):
- Français: INEX 1 - Exercice international d'urgence en cas d'accident nucléaire

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Radiation Protection Today and Tomorrow
A Collective Opinion by the NEA Committee on Radiation Protection and Public Health
English, published: 01/01/94
NEA#113
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1994/rp.html

Other language(s):
- Français: Radioprotection aujourd'hui et demain (La) 

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Exposure to Radiation from the Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials
Report by an NEA Group of Experts, May, 1979
English, 34 pages, published: 01/05/79
NEA#6711
Available online at: http://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/1979/exposure-to-radiation-1979.pdf

Other language(s):
- Bilingual: Surveillance du Radon Monitoring 

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Recommendations for ionization chamber smoke detectors in implementation of radiation protection standards
, published: 10/13/20
NEA#7550
Free on web