Computer Programs
NESC9659 FTAP.
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NESC9659 FTAP.

FTAP, Minimal Cut Sets of Arbitrary Fault Trees

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1. NAME OR DESIGNATION OF PROGRAM:  FTAP.
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2. COMPUTERS

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Program name Package id Status Status date
FTAP NESC9659/01 Tested 07-SEP-1983

Machines used:

Package ID Orig. computer Test computer
NESC9659/01 IBM 3081 IBM 3081
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3. DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM OR FUNCTION

FTAP is a general-purpose program for deriving minimal reliability cut and path set families from the fault tree for a complex system. The program has a number of useful features that make it well-suited to nearly all fault tree applications. An input fault tree may specify the system state as any logical function of subsystem or component state variables or complements of these variables; thus, for instance, "exclusive-or" type relations may be formed. When fault tree logical relations involve complements of state variables, the analyst may instruct FTAP to produce a family of prime implicants, a generalization of the minimal cut set concept. The program offers the flexibility of several distinct methods of generating cut set families. FTAP can also identify certain subsystems as system modules and provide a collection of minimal cut set families that essentially expresses the system state as a function of these module state variables. Another feature allows a useful subfamily to be obtained when the family of minimal cut sets or prime implicants is too large to be found in its entirety; this subfamily may consist of only those sets not containing more than some fixed number of elements or only those sets "interesting" to the analyst in some special sense. Finally, the analyst can modify the input fault tree in various ways by declaring state variables identically true or false.
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4. METHOD OF SOLUTION

Fault tree methods are based on the observation that the system state, either working or failed, can usually be expressed as a Boolean relation between states of several large, readily identifiable subsystems. The state of each subsystem in turn depends on states of simpler subsystems and components which compose it, so that the state of the system itself is determined by a hierarchy of logical relationships between states of subsystems. A fault tree is a graphical representation of these relationships.
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5. RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM

A linear work array  is used to adjust storage capacity depending on the size of trees.
The dimension of the array limits the complexity of the tree to be processed. The array bounds may be altered by changing the following two FORTRAN statements:

       COMMON IA (50000)
       DATA IASIZE /50000/

The value of 50000 is suitable for trees with about 100 components.
FTAP2 is the more efficient version and is recommended normally.
FTAP1 differs in internal data storage format and should be used for large trees.
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6. TYPICAL RUNNING TIME

Very problem dependent.
NEA-DB required the following CPU times to run the test cases of the different programs in the package:
       FTAP:     1 sec
       FRTGEN:   1 sec
       FRELIB:   1 sec
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7. UNUSUAL FEATURES OF THE PROGRAM

FTAP is available in two distinct  versions that differ only in the internal storage format for representing implicant sets. FTAP1 stores an implicant as a variable number of consecutive computer words in main memory. FTAP2 stores an implicant set as a fixed group of consecutive words, and a fault tree is associated with a unique bit position in one of these words. FTAP2 is the more efficient of the two versions in terms of computation time and should be chosen for most applications.
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8. RELATED AND AUXILIARY PROGRAMS

For fault tree work, several features of FTAP are similar to features of the SETS program, NESC 623. In addition to fault tree analysis, SETS manipulates arbitrary  Boolean expressions.
NESC9659/01
Fault-Tree Generation and Design
                    for FTAP.
FRTPLT              FRTPLT - Fault-Tree Plot Program for FTAP.
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9. STATUS
Package ID Status date Status
NESC9659/01 07-SEP-1983 Tested at NEADB
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10. REFERENCES

- Randall R. Willie
  Computer-Aided Fault Tree Analysis,
  UCRL-13981, August 1978, with Revisions.
- Test Examples for the Fault Tree Analysis Program,
  received July 1979.
NESC9659/01, included references:
- Program FRTGEN for Changing Fault Trees. (Paper)
- FRTPLT Program for Graphical Output of Fault Trees. (Paper).
- Randall R. Willie:
  Computer-Aided Fault Tree Analysis.  ORC 78-14  (August 1978)
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11. MACHINE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware components normally used:
card reader, line printer, (card puncher), external disk or tape storage for three files.
Main storage requirements on IBM 3081 are as follows:
       FTAP version 1      720K bytes
       FTAP version 2      332K bytes
       FRTGEN              272K bytes
       FRELIB              156K bytes
       FTAIMP              156K bytes
       FTAP version 2
        FORTRAN routines   336K bytes
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12. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE(S) USED
Package ID Computer language
NESC9659/01 FORTRAN-IV
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13. OPERATING SYSTEM UNDER WHICH PROGRAM IS EXECUTED:  DOS/VS, CMS. MVS-SP (IBM 3081), SCOPE.
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14. OTHER PROGRAMMING OR OPERATING INFORMATION OR RESTRICTIONS

IBM versions of the six small assembler subroutines: ANDM, BCM, CCM, GETM, ORM, and PUTM, which perform several simple operations that cannot be done in the context of standard FORTRAN, are included. Specifications for these machine-language routines are contained in  the FTAP reference report, UCRL-13981, so that tey can be customized to both the computer and the FORTRAM compiler used.
NEA 0690/02: This version could only be compiled by NEA-DB on CDC 7600.
Adjust variable LWORD to length of computer word less one.
There is a call for SECOND to obtain CPU time from system.
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15. NAME AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHOR

Randall R. Willie
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Willie's program was slightly modified with reference to the related programs FRTPLT, FRTGEN and IMPORTANCE by:

U. Rabien
Germanischer Lloyd
Vorsetzen 32
P.O. Box 11 16 06
2000 Hamburg 11
F.R. of Germany
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16. MATERIAL AVAILABLE
NESC9659/01
File name File description Records
NESC9659_01.003 FTAP INFORMATION FILE 108
NESC9659_01.004 FTAP VERSION 1 SOURCE (FORTRAN-4) 4898
NESC9659_01.005 FTAP VERSION 2 SOURCE (FORTRAN-4) 5076
NESC9659_01.006 FTAP SOURCE (ASSEMBLER) 142
NESC9659_01.007 FTAP ALTERNATIVE VERSION (FORTRAN-4) 99
NESC9659_01.008 SECOND SOURCE (FORTRAN-4) 8
NESC9659_01.009 SECOND SOURCE (ASSEMBLER) 653
NESC9659_01.010 FTAIMP SOURCE (FORTRAN-4) 75
NESC9659_01.011 FTAP INPUT FOR TEST CASE 1 31
NESC9659_01.012 FTAP INPUT FOR TEST CASE 2 20
NESC9659_01.013 FTAIMP INPUT FOR TEST CASE 21
NESC9659_01.014 FTAP VERSION 1 OUTPUT OF TEST CASE 1 507
NESC9659_01.015 FTAP VERSION 1 OUTPUT OF TEST CASE 2 507
NESC9659_01.016 FTAP VERSION 2 OUTPUT OF TEST CASE 2 46
NESC9659_01.017 FTAP ALTERNATIVE VERSION TEST CASE OUTPUT 422
NESC9659_01.018 FTAIMP OUTPUT OF TEST CASE 27
NESC9659_01.019 FRTPLT SOURCE (FORTRAN-4) 1197
NESC9659_01.020 FRTGEN SOURCE (FORTRAN-4) 989
NESC9659_01.021 FRELIB SOURCE (FORTRAN-4) 241
NESC9659_01.022 FRTGEN INPUT FOR TEST CASE 1 43
NESC9659_01.023 FRTGEN OUTPUT OF TEST CASE 1 95
NESC9659_01.024 FRTGEN INPUT FOR TEST CASE 2 22
NESC9659_01.025 FRTGEN OUTPUT OF TEST CASE 2 88
NESC9659_01.026 FRELIB INPUT FOR TEST CASE 13
NESC9659_01.027 FRELIB OUTPUT OF TEST CASE 32
NESC9659_01.028 FRTPLT INPUT FOR TEST CASE 113
NESC9659_01.029 JCL 112
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17. CATEGORIES
  • G. Radiological Safety, Hazard and Accident Analysis
  • N. Subsidiary Calculations
  • P. General Mathematical and Computing System Routines

Keywords: computer graphics, fault tree analysis, reliability, system failure analysis.