NEA-1771 BULK_C-12.
BULK_C-12, N & photon effective dose rates from medium energy protons or carbon ions through concrete or concrete/iron
NAME OR DESIGNATION OF PROGRAM, COMPUTER, DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM OR FUNCTION, METHODS, RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM, CPU, FEATURES, RELATED OR AUXILIARY PROGRAMS, STATUS, REFERENCES, REQUIREMENTS, LANGUAGE, SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS, OTHER PROGRAMMING OR OPERATING INFORMATION OR RESTRICTIONS, NAME AND ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORS, MATERIAL, CATEGORIES
[ top ]
[ top ]
To submit a request, click below on the link of the version you wish to order.
Only liaison officers are authorised to submit online requests. Rules for requesters are
available here.
| Program name | Package id | Status | Status date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BULK_C-12 | NEA-1771/01 | Tested | 25-OCT-2006 |
Machines used:
| Package ID | Orig. computer | Test computer |
|---|---|---|
| NEA-1771/01 | PC Windows | PC Windows |
[ top ]
3. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM OR FUNCTION
BULK_C-12 is a tool to estimate neutron and photon effective dose rates from medium energy pro-tons or carbon ions penetrating through a concrete layer or two layers with iron and concrete in a par-ticle accelerator facility (protons with energies from 50 to 500 MeV, 12C ions with energies from 155 to 430 MeV/u). This tool can also be used for shielding calculations considering various particle energies and - with limited accuracy - diverse beam directions as occurring in particle treatment facilities.
BULK_C-12 is a tool to estimate neutron and photon effective dose rates from medium energy pro-tons or carbon ions penetrating through a concrete layer or two layers with iron and concrete in a par-ticle accelerator facility (protons with energies from 50 to 500 MeV, 12C ions with energies from 155 to 430 MeV/u). This tool can also be used for shielding calculations considering various particle energies and - with limited accuracy - diverse beam directions as occurring in particle treatment facilities.
[ top ]
4. METHODS
BULK_C-12 is based on BULK-I (see NEA-1727/01). Like in its predecessor a simple formula is adopted for not only the equilibrium region but also for the build-up region, and the parameters for concrete or two layers with (first) iron and (second) concrete are numerically obtained with the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. The geometry - which is simplified in comparison to BULK-I - used in the tool consists of a target (radiation source) placed at the origin in front of a wall. The target is assumed to be of thick iron (proton case) or carbon or copper (both for 12C case) as a typical component of the accelerator. Particles with various energies and directions are taken into account in the dose rate cal-culation based on the gantry employed in a particle beam treatment facility. The dose rates at estima-tor points are calculated considering the emission angle relative to the particle beam which can be either given by the user or calculated in a pop-up window of the tool. The distance from the target to the inner surface and the thickness of the wall are given by the user. Estimators are set in forward direction in the wall; the penetration into the wall is always assumed to be perpendicular for each emission angle. The attenuation in the air (0.001239 g/cm3) is considered. In case of protons, BULK_C-12 uses the parameters of BULK-I. In case of 12C ions, the data represented in the Hand-book on Secondary Particle Production and Transport by High-Energy Heavy Ions of Nakamura and Heilbronn (2006) were used for the elaboration of the necessary parameters.
BULK_C-12 is based on BULK-I (see NEA-1727/01). Like in its predecessor a simple formula is adopted for not only the equilibrium region but also for the build-up region, and the parameters for concrete or two layers with (first) iron and (second) concrete are numerically obtained with the Monte Carlo code MCNPX. The geometry - which is simplified in comparison to BULK-I - used in the tool consists of a target (radiation source) placed at the origin in front of a wall. The target is assumed to be of thick iron (proton case) or carbon or copper (both for 12C case) as a typical component of the accelerator. Particles with various energies and directions are taken into account in the dose rate cal-culation based on the gantry employed in a particle beam treatment facility. The dose rates at estima-tor points are calculated considering the emission angle relative to the particle beam which can be either given by the user or calculated in a pop-up window of the tool. The distance from the target to the inner surface and the thickness of the wall are given by the user. Estimators are set in forward direction in the wall; the penetration into the wall is always assumed to be perpendicular for each emission angle. The attenuation in the air (0.001239 g/cm3) is considered. In case of protons, BULK_C-12 uses the parameters of BULK-I. In case of 12C ions, the data represented in the Hand-book on Secondary Particle Production and Transport by High-Energy Heavy Ions of Nakamura and Heilbronn (2006) were used for the elaboration of the necessary parameters.
[ top ]
5. RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM
The application limits of the tool are as follows:
1. Proton energy:
50 - 500 MeV
2. 12C ion energy:
155 - 430 MeV/u (2 bins: 180 and 400 MeV/u, limited accuracy of results in intermediate range)
3. Emission angle relative to beam direction:
0 - 90 degrees (6 bins, limited accuracy of results for > 45 degrees based on comparison with published FLUKA calculations
4. Barrier thickness in concrete:
0 - 400 cm (assumed density 2.1 g/cm3, ordinary concrete)
5. Barrier thickness in iron:
0, 25, 50 and 70 cm (assumed density 7.83 g/c3).
The tool is not applicable for radiation streaming problems like a maze and a duct, or a skyshine problem. In case of larger emission angles for the secondary particles the accuracy of the results is limited.
The application limits of the tool are as follows:
1. Proton energy:
50 - 500 MeV
2. 12C ion energy:
155 - 430 MeV/u (2 bins: 180 and 400 MeV/u, limited accuracy of results in intermediate range)
3. Emission angle relative to beam direction:
0 - 90 degrees (6 bins, limited accuracy of results for > 45 degrees based on comparison with published FLUKA calculations
4. Barrier thickness in concrete:
0 - 400 cm (assumed density 2.1 g/cm3, ordinary concrete)
5. Barrier thickness in iron:
0, 25, 50 and 70 cm (assumed density 7.83 g/c3).
The tool is not applicable for radiation streaming problems like a maze and a duct, or a skyshine problem. In case of larger emission angles for the secondary particles the accuracy of the results is limited.
[ top ]
[ top ]
[ top ]
[ top ]
10. REFERENCES
- Sabine Norosinski (Diplomarbeit an der Hochschule Zittau/Goerlitz):
Erstellung eines Handbuches zur Abschaetzung von Abschirmungen (Protonen und 12C-Ionen als Primaerteilchen) - 2006-05-31 (in German only)
- T. Nakamura, L. Heilbronn:
Handbook on Secondary Particle Production and Transport by High-Energy Heavy Ions (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2006)
- Sabine Norosinski (Diplomarbeit an der Hochschule Zittau/Goerlitz):
Erstellung eines Handbuches zur Abschaetzung von Abschirmungen (Protonen und 12C-Ionen als Primaerteilchen) - 2006-05-31 (in German only)
- T. Nakamura, L. Heilbronn:
Handbook on Secondary Particle Production and Transport by High-Energy Heavy Ions (World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 2006)
NEA-1771/01, included references:
- BULK_C-12 Manual[ top ]
[ top ]
| Package ID | Computer language |
|---|---|
| NEA-1771/01 | Microsoft Excel, VISUAL BASIC |
[ top ]
[ top ]
14. OTHER PROGRAMMING OR OPERATING INFORMATION OR RESTRICTIONS
After modification of any input in the EXCEL sheet "Input" a message in pink colour appears on the screen to remind of a re-calculation of the results.
The sheet "Input" is showing as a miniature the graph of the dose rate through the concrete. The sheet "Print" is showing the according diagram as it will be printed if the corresponding button is clicked.
On the sheet "Input" the "Table for the precise estimation of the dose rate in the concrete" enables the user to interpolate along the concrete thickness.
The hidden tables, modules and macros are partially using German names or variables and constants because originally this application was written in German.
In case of protons the sheet "Input" will not show buttons for the use target materials because only iron is considered (compare with no. 4 and 5 above). In case of 12C ions the user will see two buttons: one for a carbon target and the other for a copper target.
After modification of any input in the EXCEL sheet "Input" a message in pink colour appears on the screen to remind of a re-calculation of the results.
The sheet "Input" is showing as a miniature the graph of the dose rate through the concrete. The sheet "Print" is showing the according diagram as it will be printed if the corresponding button is clicked.
On the sheet "Input" the "Table for the precise estimation of the dose rate in the concrete" enables the user to interpolate along the concrete thickness.
The hidden tables, modules and macros are partially using German names or variables and constants because originally this application was written in German.
In case of protons the sheet "Input" will not show buttons for the use target materials because only iron is considered (compare with no. 4 and 5 above). In case of 12C ions the user will see two buttons: one for a carbon target and the other for a copper target.
[ top ]
[ top ]
NEA-1771/01
Information fileBULK_C-12.xls
bc12-manual.doc
bc12-manual.pdf
Keywords: carbon, intermediate energies, neutron effective dose rate, photon effective dose rate, proton, radiation shielding.